and $37.15 on the stalks, making a total for 
the acre of $108.50. 
From examples like these of maximum 
crops, and from countless others of similar 
character continually reported, it is easy to 
Bee, not only that large yields per acre are a 
source of profit in farming, but that the rate 
per cent, on the investment, in nearly all 
such cases, is unusually large. In either of 
the instances cited above the margin is not 
less than several hundred per cent. 
That there are exceptional cases makes no 
difference in the argument, and if it did, 
there is margin enough to make a liberal 
allowance, and still a balance of profit re¬ 
mains which cannot bo eliminated, and 
which clearly shows the farmer in what 
direction he is to look for the profit of his 
business. Conrad Wilson. 
Sloatsburg, N. Y., Aug. 11. 
duee fine crops of clover, orchard grass or 
timothy. 
In Asheville, Mr. Winslow Smith assured 
me that on one acre of land set in orchard 
grass, with a little clover intermixed, he had 
obtained of cored hay at a single cutting 
eight thousand five hundred and thirty-fiVe 
pounds. The best clover I had ever seen was 
grown on some of the lots about Asheville. 
What, our people in the upper part of the 
State on the undulating lands ought to do, is 
to plant corn patches instead of corn fields. 
They might thus obtain enough of that 
grain for bread and to fatten hogs, and 
depend mainly on other kinds of produce to 
sustain their stock. In this manner they 
could economise labor and also improve 
their farms from year to year.— Hon. T. L. 
Clingman in North Carolina Ay. Journal. 
ORIGIN OF INVENTIONS, 
A centukt ago what a man discovered in 
the arts he concealed. Workmen were put 
upon oath never to reveal the process used 
by their employers. Doors were kept closed, 
artisans going out were searched, visitors 
were rigorously excluded from admission, 
and false operations blinded the workmen 
themselves. The mysteries of every craft 
were hedged in by thick set fences of empiri¬ 
cal pretensions and judical affirmation. The 
royal manufactories of porcelain, for exam¬ 
ple were carried on in Europe wlthaspiritof 
jealous exclusiveness. His majesty of Saxony 
was especially circumspect. 
SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR HOLDERS OF 
FIRE INSURANCES. 
As a rule the agriculturist is inclined to 
conservatism, and likes accustomed paths 
and ancient methods. He does not take 
kindly to novelties, especially the useless 
kinds that are too frequently hawked about 
for his delectation. Tin's is the reason why 
he was so slow to appreciate the advantages 
of insurance. Twenty years ago scarcely 
one in a dozen insured his dwelling and 
household property. A smaller proportion 
regarded the barn and its contents as not re¬ 
quiring any other protection against acci¬ 
dental burning than that afforded by a badly- 
arranged, if not useless, lightning-rod. He 
thought better of his own personal super¬ 
vision and watchfulness than of the chances 
of indemnity from an insurance company. 
If he insured at all it was with some local 
and evanescent mutual company, that left 
him with a contempt for all companies when 
it went into hopeless insolvency. 
The farmers have grown wiser in this re¬ 
gard. They have learned the necessity of 
insurance, not as against the results of their 
own carelessness only, but the. malignity of 
incendiaries. The 3 r have learned, also, that 
the risks they bring to the. companies are 
desirable, and sought after for divers sub¬ 
stantial reasons. 
There is little moral hazard about them. 
Farmers are usually far too honest to burn 
their own property. The value of buildings 
and their contents doeB not vary greatly 
from car to year as does that of most arti¬ 
cles of trade. The>' are not subject to 
sweeping conflagrations. If they burn at 
all, which does not often happen, they burn 
singl 3 % and the fire is confined to the locality 
where it began, instead of, as often happens 
in a city, communicating to neighboring 
buildings, and destroying millions of prop¬ 
erty in a night. Agents arc glad to obtain 
such risks. They pay well, and are reuewed 
without difficulty-, Companies delight to 
write insurances upon them, because they 
bring in much and cost little. The same 
may be said of detached dwellings, and other 
buildings in villages, upon which companies 
by dint of sheer importunity succeed in ob¬ 
taining premiums out of all reasonable pro¬ 
portion to the hazard of loss assumed by 
them, which can 8 carcel 3 ’ be said of city in¬ 
surances that have ulwa 3 -s the advantage of 
sharp competition between rival companies. 
This is, however, a minor matter which 
may be remedied ljy a little care; but the 
rural insurer is discriminated against in 
another respect, for which until quite re- 
Not content 
with the oath of secrecy imposed upon his 
people, he would not abate his kingly suspi¬ 
cion in favor of a brother monarch. Neither 
king nor king’s delegate mfght enter the 
tabooed walls of Meissen. What is erroneous¬ 
ly called the Dresden porcelain—that ex¬ 
quisite pottery of which the world has never 
seen the like—was produced for 200 years by 
a process so secret that neither the bribery 
of princes nor the garrulity of the operatives 
ever revealed It. Other discoveries have been 
less successfully guarded, fortunately for the 
world. The manufacture of tinware in Eng¬ 
land originated in a stolen secret. Few read¬ 
ers need to be informed that tinware is 
simply thin iron plated with tin by being dip¬ 
ped into the molted metal. In theory it is 
an easy matter to clean the urface of Iron ; 
dipit into a bath of the boiling tin i-l re¬ 
move it enveloped with the silvery metal to 
a place for cooling. In practice, however, 
the process is one of the most difficult in the 
arts. It was discovered in Holland and 
guarded from publicity with the utmost 
vigilance for nearly half a century, England 
tried in vain to discover the secret, until 
James tShennan, a Cornish miner crossed the 
channel, insinuated himself master of the 
secret and brought it home. The secret of 
manufacturing ca3t steel was also stealthily 
obtained, and is now within the reach of all 
artisans.— Ex. 
PREPARING STUBBLE GROUND FOR 
SEEDING. 
PROFITS FROM HIRING LABOR, 
The sooner barley or oat stubble is plowed 
after harvesting the hotter will be the chance 
for a good preparation for wheat. It is gen¬ 
erally bad policy to wait until after manure 
is drawn on the field before plowing. In the 
first place the manure benefits the wheat 
crop more when used as a top dressing than 
when plowed under, and secondly, the delay 
in plowing gives less opportunity to work 
upon the surface and prepare a mellow seed 
bed. There is still another reason: Just 
is considerable moisture 
A practical and evidently thoughtful 
Iowa farmer argues strongly in the Western 
Rural that farmers can afford to pay even 
higher wages than they now do and by good 
management make large profits on the labor 
and capital invested ; and he proves his posi¬ 
tion. Hiring two men at $30 each pier month 
would make for the season of nine months 
$450. With $80 additional help in harvest¬ 
ing and $50 for threshing, he calculates that 
they will care for 100 acres of corn, 50 acres 
of spring wheat, and put up GO tons of ha 3 -. 
Estimating corn at 50 bushels per acre, 
wheat at 15 bushels, and the hay as worth $4 
a ton, the value of the crops, aside from 
the straw, would be us follows ;—Wheat, 
$502.50 ; corn, $2,000 ; hay, $240 ; total, $2,- 
802.50. Deduct expenses of hired help, seed, 
threshing ($800), and there is left a profit of 
$1,033.50 on the land, horses and Implements 
required to produce these crops, and which 
are a permanent investment. 
There are some items omitted in tliis cal¬ 
culation, notably that important item, the 
loss to the soil in fertility by selling such 
large crops from a farm. On the other hand, 
no account is made above of the value of 
straw and corn stalks for feeding, which is 
considerable, 
after harvest there 
in the stubble, and the ground also, having 
been heavily shaded by the crop, turns up 
moister than It will after standing in hot 
August sunshine a week or ten days. We 
have often seen stubble ground which could 
be easily plowed just after the crop had been 
harvested turn so hard and dry that it made 
one-half difference in the work, and used up a 
plow-point every day. Besides this, the land 
after plowing would not be in so good condi¬ 
tion as if plowed earlier. Where moist 
stubble is turned under the furrow, perhaps 
with some young clover and young woods, 
there is moisture enough to cause soma fer¬ 
mentation, and this will insure the sprouting 
of the seed wheat almost as well us if the 
land were summer fallowed. On the con¬ 
trary, great loss is sometimes found from 
non-growing of seed when t lie laud has been 
plowed onl 3 ' a few da 3 r s bef<ire sowing. Last 
year especially much wheat failed to come 
A PAINT THAT WILL STAY PUT 
Making due allowance for the 
incompleteness of this statement, it still 
shows most clearly that successful and 
profitable farming must lie in the direction 
of working laud to its utmost, not letting it 
lie idio under a mistaken idea of saving hired 
labor. Have help enough always to make 
all your land profitably productive, aud if 
not in condition to be worked profitably 
otherwise, buy fertilizers to make it. so, or 
hire additional help to underdrain, if that be 
what is needed. What successful fanners 
cannot afford is that profits made on one 
part of their farms shall be neutralized by 
dead capital invested in fields which produce 
little, aud that at a loss. If no other way 
opens, sell part of your land, that you may 
have capital and labor to utilize every acre 
of which you are possessed. 
the above requirements, both for buildings 
and for farm implements. T never used a 
paint so good as this for wagons, mowing 
machines, etc., that must lie exposed to the 
weather. The following letter Is from a ro 
liable farmer of Mayfield, near Cleveland, in 
which I can concur. s. d. n. 
You ask me in regard to the Rubber Faint 
manufactured by the Rubber Paint Co, of 
Cleveland, Ohio, and in reply I would say I 
first began using it some six 3 ’oars ago, when 
I painted my )louse with it, and to-da 3 - it is 
as firm, smooth and glossy as the day it was 
put on. Since that time I have both used it 
and seen it used considerably, and my faith 
in it is such that I shall order more when 1 
go to Cleveland next week. From the nu¬ 
merous tests I have seen it pass through, I 
have no hesitation in saying it is superior in 
firmness, durability and economy, and has 
no equal. I therefore advise all my friends 
who desire a first-class point to procure the 
Rubber Paint. Sam*l Dean, 
EXPORTS OF WHEAT 
THOROUGH CULTIVATION MORE 
PROFITABLE. 
For the purpose of illustrating the rising 
importance of wheat in our exports, we have 
compiled from the official records the follow¬ 
ing statement of the value of the national 
exports of wheat and flour from the 3 -ear 
1821 up to the present time : 
Exports k) TFhfat and Flour .from the United States. 
Yearly average 
lor ten y Ultra Flour. Wheat. Totals. 
emluiK llttl. $4,904,303 |tS,ITS 64.922,481 
1840....... 5,637,961) 255,143 5 1 UIX,4irS 
1*1).it),IMS, I tO 1,664.1ST ll.iKirloTU 
IMS). ts.llU.Kifi 7,502.806 25,6)7,244 
„„ toll.?2.toi,884 2D,598,869 52,1115.233 
The your IH7I.24,i)9S,ISi 45,1 IS,424 till,230.(103 
1872. IT.tbS.Osi 3H.M5,IKKJ ft0.87U.744 
1878.ISI.SU.fi64 61,452,254 7(1.883,918 
1874.29,2.W,tint 101,4*1,409 1311.619,653 
For the twent 3 ' years ending with 1840 the 
exports averaged about $5,600,000 a year; 
during the next ten 3 ’ears the average ex¬ 
ports doubled ; during the ten years ending 
with 1SG0 they rose to an average of $25,500,- 
000 ; and even during t he Avar decade, when 
so much labor was diverted from the field to 
the camp, the export was doubled as com¬ 
pared with the ten preceding years. In 
1871, the first year of the present decade, >ve 
exported $69,200,000, and last year the ship¬ 
ments rose to $130,600,000. 
Some years since, when I Avas stopping at a 
house in Ha 3 'wood County, N. C., I had 
some conversation with the proprietor. He 
told me that lie had under cultivation in 
corn thirty-five acres, and said that he did 
not expect to obtain more than three hun¬ 
dred bushels. I observed that the greater 
portion of his land, though naturally fertile, 
was hilly and had evidently been ver 3 T im¬ 
perfectly cultivated. After dinner, Ave took 
a walk to look at. u nati\-e grape vine. I 
found it near his stable, situated in a piece of 
bottom on the creek, of about eight acres. 
Some corn was looking well on the part near 
the stable, but four-fifths of the ground seem¬ 
ed chiefly covered by Aveeds. He said that 
the land was very rich, a large part of it 
inclined to be wet, and that having so much 
land to tend he had not been able to work it 
enough to keep the weeds under, and that 
he had been obliged to give up the greater 
part of it. I said to him, “suppose 3-011 Avere 
to cut a ditch through the cent re of it, and 
dry it, then throw your surplus manure from 
the stable on such parts as would derive most 
benefit from its application, have 3-011 any 
doubt but that this piece would 3 'ield you 
forty bushels to the acre f" He answered 
that he had no doubt of it. Then I added. 
ECONOMICAL NOTES 
Methods of Killing Cattle. 
In other Avords, 
the present export of wheat and flour is 24 
times the value of that for the average of the 
twenty years ending with 1S49. 
This clears shows Avhat is the natural and 
inevitable drift of production in this country- 
and indicates whera capital is to seek its 
chief employments and rewards, 
The com¬ 
petition between the agriculture of the two 
continents is at last coming out iu our favor, 
and our true interest lies in affording every 
facility to the branch of industry in which 
our largest acliievements are Avon.— N. Y. 
Daily Bulletin. 
