zens. 
MOORE’S 
AUG. 28 
“PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
RUEll, L1TWIABI AND FAMlLf NEWSPAPBE. 
D. D. T. MOORE, 
B’ou.nd.er and. Oonduotin* Kditor. 
WM, J. FOWLER, ANDREW 8. FULLER 
AeHooiate KdltorH. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Editor o» tkb Dstartiirnt o» B«i«r Hmurnir. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y., 
Editor of rum Department of Daiay Hdbiandrt. 
G. A. C. BARNETT, Publisher. 
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- *■** -- 
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SATURDAY, AUG. US, 1875. 
THE DERANGED WEATHER THIS SEASON 
Some Suggestions as to Its Cause. 
The Atlantic Ocean is full of icebergs this 
summer and recently-arrived steamers have 
found unusual difficulty from this cause. May 
not this fact afford a possible explanation of the 
very extraordinary weather which has prevailed 
during the entire year? Last winter was one 
of unprecedented severity through the North 
Temperate Zone of this country" and of Europe. 
Cold blasts from the north kept the thermom¬ 
eter below zero for days together, and there 
were weeks In some northern cities where the 
mercury never went below freezing point. It 
is probable that the average heat radiated from 
the sun to the earth does not vary much 
from year to year, leaving out of account spots 
on the sun whose effect Is not yet definitely 
known. We have reason to believe that extreme 
cold in one portion of the globe Is offset by un¬ 
usual mildness In another. Last winter we had 
undoubtedly a good deal of genuine polar 
weather iu winds which came directly from 
polar regions. What is the cause of these fierce, 
northerly winds? Why does not the intense 
cold of the north remain there instead of 
sweeping down on temperate climates and 
sometimes even Into the south ? If the heat of 
the equator and the absence of heat at the poles 
were not Interchangeable, there would be a 
uniform gradation of temperature from the 
poles, where it would always be lowest, to the 
torrid regions, where it would always he high¬ 
est. Instead of that we find south winds carry¬ 
ing summer breezes far northward at certain 
seasons of the year, while at others wintry blasts 
carry polar cold as far to the south. 
During the summer the air becomes heated 
in all southern latitudes, and of course as It is 
heated it expands and rises and must necessa¬ 
rily find vent in upper currents tuward the 
poles. In northern latitudes this warm current 
of heated air flowing towards the north is al¬ 
ways to be found during the late fall months, iu 
October farther south, and still more strongly 
In November farther north. Possibly Dear the 
equator this warm, upper current of atr may be 
started by midsummer or even earlier, and St 
may be found In far northern latitudes as late 
as December. It is at this time aud in this 
warm upper current that wild geese are seen 
flying south, and it Is a well-established fact 
that they always fly against the wind, as a con¬ 
trary course would ruffle their feathers. Farm¬ 
ers and intelligent country people have long 
noted the fact that this southward flight oT 
geese in autumu is a certain sign of cold 
weather. Why? Because as this upper warm 
ourrent approaches the poles It becomes colder 
and sinks 1o the surface, displacing an equal 
amount of polar air, which Is thus forced 
southward in our early winter northern blasts. 
Geese do not know that cold weather 1 b com¬ 
ing. They simply fly In the upper warm current 
because It is more comfortable t han the atmos¬ 
phere either above or below It. 
Immediately after the Chicago Are four yearB 
ago, and the more extensive forest fires which 
prevailed through the West that year, we ad¬ 
vanced this theory, and argued that as a result 
of those great fires an immense and unusual 
amount of heated air had boon sent up and to¬ 
wards the poles. We predicted then a very 
early winter, with sudden and extreme cold 
spells in its early months. The prediction was 
abundantly Justified by the event. 
The unusual quantity of icebergs In the At¬ 
lantic this year proves that the polar winter was 
it mild one and the spring uncommonly warm 
and early probably in about the same propor¬ 
tions as our winter was severe and our spring 
cold aod late. Our extremely wet summer is 
probably a continuation of the same ciiroatlo 
derangements. Summer heat la generating hot 
air at the south In probably about the average 
quantity, but as the current starts northward 
It meets counter currents of cold air from the 
north, whereby the moisture of the wanner air 
is condensed in rains and floods. Possibly the 
large masses of polar See floating southward 
havo something to do with this condensation of 
moisture; or, more probably, this current of 
cold air from the uorth is one of the secondary 
results of the extremely mild pojar winter. it 
is undoubtedly this meeting of the warm air 
from the south with a colder current from the 
north, which has caused the recent floods 
through the center of the temperate zones 
around the giobe. it Is a noteworthy fact that 
the great rainfall commenced In the south on 
both continents and diminished In force as It 
extended north. In Europe Southern France 
suffered first and worst; then Central F.urope 
and Northern France and lastly, England. In 
our own country the rainfall began In Tennessee 
and Kentucky, proceeded northward across the 
Central States of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana 
and Illinois, and still later but with diminished 
severity extended to the Northwestern States, 
Northern and Western Nets York aud New' En¬ 
gland. It seems that the usual warm current of 
air from the south In our upper atmosphere Is 
slowly forcing its way northward, though of 
course, losing most of its heat from contact 
with colder air from the north and at the same 
time turning back the warm current or gently 
checking Its progress. 
— Too little is known of atmospheric phenom¬ 
ena to warrant us iu offering the above as a 
scientific explanation of our present season. 
That some unknown causes are at work derang¬ 
ing climatic regularity Is probable, and wo be¬ 
lieve that we have guessed some of their results. 
If our reasoning thus far has been correct, we 
will carry it one step farther and predict a 
warm, late fall and an unusually warm winter, 
especially in the earlier months, with probably 
a hot and dry summer following. If our wet 
weather has come from condensing the moist¬ 
ure in the usual wurtn current, of atr from the 
south, it follows that this current Is checked in 
its course and will reach the polar regions in 
much less volume than usual. The polar win¬ 
ter will be unusually cold, but the cold will stay 
at borne where it belongs, as there will be less 
displacement of polar atmosphere and fewer 
wintry blasts from the north in the temperate 
regions of both Europe and America. It is this 
oessatlou of cold northern winds that will give 
us milder w’eatber than usual next season, 
particularly In the late fall and early winter 
months. 
-- 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
And Now For the Fnirs !—As the season for 
holding the annual exhibitions of the various 
Agricultural, Horticultural and kindred asso¬ 
ciations throughout the United States and Can¬ 
ada is rapidly approachiug, we gave last week 
as complete a list of Fairs for the Autumn of 
1875 as we had beeu enabled to derive from cor¬ 
respondents and exchanges. It will be seen 
that the exhibitions enumerated embrace a 
wide territory and comprise many State, Pro¬ 
vincial, District and Local Societies of good 
standing and high reputation, and It Is hoped 
the display of each will prove creditable alike 
to membership and organization. The members 
of each association as well as the producing 
population of the locality should exhibit, the 
best specimens of their skill, care aud industry, 
in generous rivalry with their fellow strivers 
for improvement. If each does his or her best, 
every show will prove a success in teachiug by 
example, whatever may be the result pecunia¬ 
rily. And It is the duty of every farmer, horti¬ 
culturist, manufacturer, mechanic, artist and 
ingenious housewife to contribute to the near¬ 
est exhibition. And If all do this every looal 
fair will prove a most valuable school of in¬ 
struction, Imparting useful information to ob¬ 
serving visitors of all classes. We therefore 
urge all our readers to not only attend the Fairs 
—and especially the one In their to wn or county 
—but to become an exhibitor of some of their 
own products, wares or handiwork, as well as a 
critical examiner of those of their fellow clci- 
Advlce to a Young Farmer.—A correspond¬ 
ent of the Rural, who gives us neither name 
nor address, says be is a young man twenty-two 
yearB old and wants to know whether It will 
pay him, as a farmer, to attend some agricul¬ 
tural school, and also whether knowledge of i 
agricultural science, especially of chemistry, 
will be of any advantage to him as a farmer. 
We suspend our rule not to notice anonymous 
communications long enough to say in a gene¬ 
ral way that our correspondent cannot possibly 
have too much knowledge of any kind to be a 
good farmer. The more be know s and the more 
fully he lives up to bis knowledge, the better 
farmer he will be. The science of chemistry Is 
especially Important, though we trust that with 
chemistry he will also have common sense 
enough not to take the dictum of scientists In 
practical matters In opposition to the results of 
experience on the farm, The very best farmers 
arc those who keep their eyes open and their 
wits about them, studying practical results 
until their Interest In the subject impels them 
to study chemistry as a means of explaining 
matters wbioh they would not otherwise under¬ 
stand. Chemistry learned thus and used In 
subordination to bis farm experience, Is a very 
valuable help to any farmer. Rut if our young 
friend goes to an agricultural school for one or 
two or any number of terms with the Idea that 
he will thereby learn everything connected w.tb 
the mysteries of farming, he willbe apt to make 
practical blunders' iu the business such as will 
bring on him the ridicule of all the unlettered 
farmers In his town or neighborhood. 
-««« 
Sanctum Personals.—We had the pleasure, 
last week of welcoming the return of X. A. 
Willard, one oi tne rural associates, from 
his excursion to the Pacific coast. Mr. Willard 
is in excellent, health and spirits, and reports 
that the Editorial party had a most enjoyable 
time viewing the wonders nf the Pacific coast 
and enjoying the hospitalities of Its citizens. 
A portion of the party baited on the way to 
make several visits to Colorado; but Mr. Wil¬ 
lard hastened home to prepare for some ad¬ 
dresses he has agreed to deliver at coming fairs. 
Two of his letters while on the road have failed 
to come to hand, but tf they fail entirely Mr. 
Willard will rewrite them as far as possible. 
Rural readers may safely anticipate many 
pleasant reminiscences of his Editorial excur¬ 
sion from our associate's peu during the coming 
months. 
— We had a call last week from John Phin, 
Editor of the Technologist and Industrial 
Monthly of this city. Mr. I’hin is little changed 
since we first knew htin years ago in Rochester, 
N. Y., and with increased age and experience 
has lost none of his old-time Interest in scien¬ 
tific matters. 
— Our publication office wan Invaded this 
week by a representative of Oileans County in 
the person of C. 8. McnnOCK, the great club 
agent. He looks well, and claims great things 
for bis next year's Rural club. Long may he 
wave 1 
-»»» 
The English Harvest.—The (London) Mark 
Lane Express In its weekly review of English 
and other European crop reports says: 
The unsettled weather has boon very unfavor¬ 
able for harvest work, which Is everywhere 
delayed, and the temperature has put wheat in 
some danger of sprouting, while its condition 
must necessarily be unsatisfactory. The Lon¬ 
don market, from constant arrivals of foreigu 
grain, has not shown activity or a tendency up¬ 
ward. The Paris market has felt some reaction, 
and rates have given way one shilling to one 
shilling and six pence per quarter. It now* 
seems confirmed there as well as here that 
neither samples nor quantity will come up to 
last year, while the oonditou is greatly jeopar¬ 
dized wdiere gatherings are not complete. In 
Austria aud Hungary the same sort of result is 
looked upon as certain, and northern Europe 
has had much the same sort Of weather. There¬ 
fore. the samples must partially bo affected. 
Russia reports very unequal growt h, being most 
affected by the early drouth, the damage from 
which subsequent rains could not repair. 
Belgium and Holland have been much Inter¬ 
fered with In their harvests, and the spread of 
the potato disease is no longer doubtful. 
--- 
A Long Life in One Place.—Vermont bids fair 
to take the place of Connecticut as the land of 
steady habits. The latter State, since New York 
City has grown so large, has been overrun with 
a great deal of Gotham's unsteadiness. Ver¬ 
mont Is an old State, and has many quiet towns 
where one generation succeeds another for 
nearly a hundred years with little change in 
the old landmarks. In one of these, named 
Wbitlngkam, we read, in the Vermont Record 
and Farmer, that Rev. Ebenezer Davis died 
on the 28th of July last aged ninety-one yours, 
all but five or six of which had been spent iu 
that town. He w*as a Methodist clergyman, be¬ 
ginning his clerical labors at the age of nine¬ 
teen, and continuing till within a few years. 
He well remembered Joseph Young, the father 
of Brigham Young, and worked with him in 
the field during the week that saw the birth of 
the Mormon leader. This settles the locality 
of Brigham’s birthplace. Mr. Davts reared a 
family of four sons and three daughters, only 
three of whom are now living. In the same 
town, two years ago, Albert Green died, aged 
ninety years, and he had never lived outside 
the school district in which he was born. 
-»♦» — 
The War Cloud In Europe.—'Within a few 
days additional Importance Is given to the 
Herzegovinian revolt in Northwestern Turkey. 
The Government is losing time, and unless the 
Insurrection is speedily suppressed, the adja¬ 
cent Provinces will join and the rebellion be¬ 
come general. Austria and Russia are each 
looking on eagerly, waiting for some chance to 
interfere, and If either does so, a general Eu¬ 
ropean war is uot improbable. The most sig¬ 
nificant and latest news is that Russia Is arm¬ 
ing and drldlng 30.000 cavalry, to be ready for 
all emergencies. The effect of war in Europe 
Is generally understood by our people as crea¬ 
ting an Increased demand for the time for all 
American products by shutting off the usual 
competition from Russian producers. 
■- in — 
Unnecessary Expense.—Gen. BABCOCK, Su¬ 
perintendent of Public Buildings and Grounds 
at Washington, estimates that nearly $500,000 
will be required the next fiscal year for the re¬ 
pair and Improvement of theworks and grounds 
belonging to the United States under his charge, 
including $30,000for the repair aud refurnishing 
of the Executive Mansion, $40,000 for a pedestal 
for a statue of the late Gen. TtlOMAS, and 
$ 35,000 to replace the wooden greenhouses with 
iron ones. It is probable that the above aud a 
good many other like items of extravagance 
will have to be postponed t ill the country is in 
better position to afford them. While all taxes 
are so high the people are in no humor for pay¬ 
ing any appropriations except those of the most 
necessary character. 
---— 
Justice for Official Trespassers.—The majesty 
of the law has been vindicated in a most whole¬ 
some way in Kentucky. There is an ordinance 
against trespassing on the grass of the State 
Capitol grounds; but Gov. Lrslie, with a party 
of friends, thought this ought not to apply to 
the chief executive and so played several games 
of croquet on the smoothly - shaven grass, 
whereupon the Governor was arraigned before 
Police Judge W. L. Jktt for the misdemeanor, 
and on proof of the same was fined $1 and costs. 
At the recent election Judge Jett was re-elect¬ 
ed to his present position by a very large ma* 
jorlty, thus receiving the best evidence that his 
impartiality in administering justice is approved 
by the people. 
«♦« 
The Toledo Blude.—One of the most readable 
and valuable of the exchanges which come to 
our table Is the Toledo Blade, formerly known 
as Nasuy’s paper, and still In some way related 
to the Parson, who is to commence a new series 
of his Inimitable papers iu September. The 
Blade is a good family paper—Republican In 
politics, and has an Interesting and well-edited 
Agricultural Department, which must com¬ 
mend It to farmers everywhere. 
An exchange speaks of the Rev. Dr. Pubey’s 
bad health under the heading of “Religious 
Intelligence.” This characterization is open 
to criticism. Bad health is essentially Irre¬ 
ligious so far as it has any moral character, and 
it is not one whit better for belonging to a 
clergyman. 
.- +■*■■* - 
RURAL BREVITIE8. 
Ex-Speaker Blaine Is to deliver the address 
at the Cumberland County (Penn.) Fair in 
October. 
Texas calculates that she will turn out over 
one hundred and fifty thousand head of beeves 
this year. 
We haTe received premium list [and regula¬ 
tions of the Mississippi Valley Fair to be held lu 
Quincy, Ill., Sept,20-25th. 
The wool clip or the Whole country will be 
little if any larger this year than In 1874, but it 
seems to be generally iu better condition. 
The Allen Co. (Kausas) Fair will be held in 
1 Iola, Kansas, Oct. 0 to 9th Inclusive. Extensive 
1 stock sales will take place every day during the 
Fair. C. P. Iveb, Seey, iula, Kansas. 
During the races at Watertown, N. Y„ a big 
steer was on exhibition which Is looked upou 
as use of the Wonders of nature. It is five years 
old, aud stands nearly seven feet high, and 
weighs 4017 pounds. 
The invitation to Jefferson Davis to deliver 
the address at the Winnebago Co., Ill. Fair has 
been revoked aud Hon. J. R. Doolittle of 
Chicago has beeu substituted. The invitation 
to Mr. Davis caused such an outcry that its re¬ 
vocation was thought expedient. 
Alex'r Charles has become the Publisher 
and Editor of the Farmers' Stock Journal of 
Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The Journal gives con¬ 
siderable attention te all mutters of interest to 
farmers and fills an important place among 
rural publications In the Nortuwest. 
A full blooded Alderney bull gored to death 
liis owner, John D. F. itandolpb, on the 2d of 
August, near Shiloh, N. J. For some time the 
animal had beeu vicious, but Mr. R, had man¬ 
aged to handle him. But on this ocoaalun, go¬ 
ing into his stall, Mr. It. was struok .fatally by 
the horns of the bull. 
O. K. Johnson, Medina, N. Y., manufactures 
the improved apple graters and grinders, 
originally patented by the late J. W. Mount. 
These machines have attained deserved popu¬ 
larity in ail sections of the country, and being 
made strongly and of the best material cannot 
get out of order or fail to give perfect satisfac¬ 
tion. This grater has been in use fifteen years 
and the constant effort of its manufactures to 
improve it has left little to be desired. AU 
wishing to purchase a cider mill, should send 
for his circular. 
BUSINESS NOTICES. 
There is nothing In modem discovery so wonder¬ 
ful and meritorious as that great labor-savor, Dob¬ 
bins’ Electric Soap, (made by Cragin & Co., Phila¬ 
delphia, Pa.) It tells its own story on first trial 
Ask our Grocer for it. 
