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158 
OOBE’S BSJBAL NEW-YORKER, 
SEPT, 4 
Jmlustrial j&mtfits. 
GEORGIA FARMERS IN COUNCIL. 
The State Agricultural Society of Georgia, 
iu establishing a system of holding semi¬ 
annual councils of their farmers, adopted the 
wise rule that the summer meeting should 
be held in the Northern or mountainous part 
of the State, while the winter session should 
convene in the lower country, the cotton 
belt, or near the sea shore. This rule brought 
the Convention last week to the pretty town 
of Dalton, on the Western and Atlantic Rail¬ 
road, where the Selma River and Dalton and 
the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia 
Railroads meet, forming a great t hrough line 
North and South, hence the railroad facili¬ 
ties are excellent and the attendance was 
large, the railroads of Georgia having adopt¬ 
ed the plan of passing all delegates free of 
cost to these. Conventions. This place is on 
the Silurian limestone formation, and the 
surrounding co m try is some day destined to 
be a great grass growing and dairy region. 
Previous to the war it. was almost entirely 
grain growing, but of late years cotton has 
come in as a crop, but not to the exclusion 
of grain, and it is probable that take this 
whole North Georgia from the Etonah at 
Cartersville up to the Tennessee line and the 
cotton is produced at a greater profit than in 
any other section of the State. 
After the usual addresses of welcome and 
response, the regular business of the Conven¬ 
tion was opened by the Report from the 
State Agricultural College Farm by Dr. E. 
M. Pendleton. II is repeated experiments 
with drilled wheat still showed the value of 
that system of sowing. An experiment on 
oats fertilized with Peruvian guano showed 
an increased yield of 148 percent. Ho thinks 
it valuable to thus fertilize oats preceding 
cotton, lie continued to urge the value of 
cotton seed in compost with ammouiated 
superphosphate, and claimed that by judi¬ 
cious manuring cotton may bo made even 
now at 4}£ cents per pound, counting every 
thing but interest on investment. 
The larger part of one day was devoted to 
the discussion of the Direct Trade movement, 
it being made particularly prominent by the 
visit of the delegation from the English Co¬ 
operative Societies, Consisting of Dr. J. II. 
Rutherford of Newcastle ; J. Kay of Man¬ 
chester ; .T. Thomas of Leeds; E. V. 8. 
Neale of London, and Mr. WoRral of Now 
Orleans. These gentlemen presented the 
plan of a company to be known as the Missis¬ 
sippi Valley Tradiug Company ; shares $5 
each; the object of which is to create a 
trade in cotton, grain and meat direct from 
the West and South to England, and the re¬ 
turn of their manufactured goods. They 
presented their idea with much force and 
clearness to the Convention, and a commit¬ 
tee, consisting of some of Georgia’s best 
men, examined into it carefully and recom¬ 
mended it to the people of Georgia, I did 
not hear, however, that Mr. Wo an all had 
succeeded in getting any great number of 
subscriptions. The truth is if these people 
will send their money to buy and ships to 
carry the cotton, it will go to them, other¬ 
wise it will take the regular channels ; and, 
of all the South, Georgia is the State least 
apt to practically encourage any scheme 
which tends rather to make her a com¬ 
mercial than a manufacturing State ; she 
has too many good water-powers, too fine a 
a climate, too much mineral wealth, and too 
energetic a people. Money is needed, it is 
true, but every year economy ami industry 
adds to the number of her spindles. I heard 
more than one say, “ We are pleased to see 
these gentlemen, and treat them with polite¬ 
ness, but our policy is to manufacture our 
cotton at home.” 
In accordance with a resolution adopted 
one year ago, a gold medal was presented to 
Hon. Mark A. Cooler of Barton Co., the 
first President, and called there father of the 
Society. The presentation waa made by Dr. 
A. Means of Savannah, in one of his char¬ 
acteristically eloquent, addresses, and Major 
Cooper responded with much emotion, lie 
is now seventy-five years old, and bus been '■ 
one of the most earnest and active workers I 
for the material advancement of the Slate of 
Georgia. 1 
Dr. George Little, the Slate Geologist, 
presented a short record of the progress of 
the survey, giving many there a clearer idea 
of the value of such work. He alluded spec!- • 
ally to the immense beds of marl in the 
Southern part of the State now almost totally * 
unused. At the conclusion of his address the 1 
Convention adopted a series of resolutions 1 
urging the Legislature to continue the sur- t 
vey and also speaking at length in the same 
manner of the Department of Agriculture, 
presided over by Dr. T, P. Joneh. A series 
of papers were rapidly put through and 
• ordered to be published, the Convention be¬ 
ing in a hurry to accept an invitation to see 
the City of Chattanooga, Qf these, one by 
> Mr. .John Stark of Thomasvillo, on the Cul¬ 
ture of Grape and Manufacture of Wine, was 
of special value, while Dr. J. S. Lavender. 
presented, iu a practical manner, A Year’s 
“ Operations on the Farm. Prof. Browne of 
the University wrote of Agricultural Eduea- 
J tion, and a paper discussed the Developed 
' Peruvian Guano now being sold by Messrs. 
1 Hobson, Hurtado & Co. of 61 Pine Street, 
New York, the agents of the Peruvian Gov- 
* eminent. This article, as sold by Ohleh- 
1 dorf of Bremen had been brought to the at- 
; tention of the Society last Summer by Pres’t 
W. L. Brown of the Agricultural College, he 
■ having stated its great fertilizing value. 
’ Opiuions of Dr. Voelcker were quoted, 
stating its superiority over the raw guano 
1 and even the best superphosphates. 
! The fish question was brought up in a Re- 
’ port by Dr. H. U. Cary of La Grange, one 
of the most efficient members of the Society. 
It was chiefly a review of what had been 
1 done elsewhere, and urged the Legislature 
to make appropriation for re-stocking the 
rivers of Georgia with fish. He deserves and 
will achieve success; there are hundreds of 
streams in Georgia which might be made to 
contribute to the food product of the State. 
Resolutions were adopted urging the plant¬ 
ing of small grain, recommending a premium 
for preventives of hog mid chicken cholera, 
indorsing the Centennial at Philadelphia, 
and urging that Georgia do her part in the 
display. Sonic resolutions against dogs and 
in favor of sheep created considerable dis¬ 
cussion, and there were those present who 
actually thought dogs more valuable than 
sheep. They were finally referred to a com¬ 
mittee with instructions to memorialize the 
Legislature. A resolution was passed com¬ 
plimentary to Hon. D. W. Lewis, the first, 
Secretary of the Society, now President of 
the North Georgia Agricultural College at 
Dalilorega. 
In electing officers they re-elected as Presi¬ 
dent for the sixth time Hon. A. H. Colynjtt, 
and did credit to themselves by re-electing, 
as Secretary, Mr, Malcolm Johnson, to 
whose energy and ability and excellent judg¬ 
ment, the present flourislung condition of the 
Society is greatly due. 
Attention was called to the Annual Fair to 
be held at. Mucou, commencing the 18th of 
October, of which Col. T. G, Holt is General 
Superintendent, and at which no racing or 
gambling of any kind is to be allowed. It 
deserves success. H. k. c. 
Dalton Co., Ga., Aug. 17. 
-♦.♦-»- 
N J. STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
In pursuance to call, a large representa¬ 
tive body of fruit growers and horticulturists 
of the State convened at the College build¬ 
ing, New Brunswick, August 23d, for the 
purpose of taking necessary measures lor the 
organization of a State Horticultural Society. 
The meeting was called to order by P. T. 
Quinn of Newark, and J. W. Hayes, C. W. 
Badger of Newark, and E. Williams of 
Montclair, appointed temporary President 
and Secretaries. The necessity and useful¬ 
ness of such an organization in this, one of 
the most important fruit-growing States of 
the Union, was fully discussed, and it was 
resolved then and there to give birth to The 
New Jersey State Horticultural Society. A 
committee of one from each county was ap¬ 
pointed to nominate permanent officers, and 
a series of by-laws discussed and duly 
adopted, 
On re-assembling iu the aftornoon the 
nominating committee reported a list of per¬ 
manent officers which, with some changes, 
by declinations, &c\, was elected, as follows : j 
P res’t — Prof. Geo. Thuiibkr of Bergen, i 
Vice-Pres’ts — A. S. Fuller, Bergen ; C. W, i 
Badger, Essex ; N. W. Paroells, Union ; Jno. i 
Van Doren, Monmouth; Jno. S. Collins, < 
Burlington ; Edwin Allen, Middlesex ; Geo. ( 
M. Cole, Cumberland ; Ezra Dayton, Somer- 1 
sett. Reo, Sec.—E. Williams, Essex. Cor. i 
Sec.— B. B. Hance, Monmouth. Treas.—W, f 
H. Goldsmith, Essex. Ex. Com. — P. T. 1 
Quinn, Essex ; S. C. DeCow, Burlington ; e 
Thos. Cole, Cumberland ; J. W. Hayes, Es¬ 
sex ; D. MoLaury, Middlesex. 
The officers elect assumed their duties ; and 1 
speeches from the President, Prof. Cook, j 
Haves, Quinn, and others evinced a spirit of i 
earnestness and good feeling that forebodes t 
the accomplishment of much good to the t 
horticultural and fruit-growing interests of i 
the State. a 
In miscellaneous business Mr. Van Doren a 
be thought of in preparing to fill the order 
was these stems. Mr, C.. happening to go 
into one of our New York City saloons to get 
a lunch, soon after receiving the order, and 
while paying his bill at the counter picked 
up one of the wooden tooth-picks provided 
for customers, and while looking at it the 
thought came to him that these were just 
what lie wanted to stem his tuberoses with. 
He immediately sought the proprietor of the 
saloon, and purchased 10,000 tooth-picks at 
somewhere about twenty-live cents per thou¬ 
sand. They proved cn trial to work well 
and far better than anything of the kind 
which could be whittled out by hand. Mr. 
Cavanach’s discovery soon became, known 
among the florists, and millions of tooth¬ 
picks have since been used for the same pur¬ 
pose. For small flowers a tooth-pick is 
broken in two in the middle, and a single 
bloom tied on to each half. Flowers with 
artificial stem are not very lasting, but they 
will do for an evening, which is generally as 
long as required. 
A COMICAL SIGHT 
is frequently presented to view as one of the 
elaborate “tooth-picked” decorations begin 
to fade, for as each flower wilts and falls 
down the points of the tooth-picks to which 
they were attached protrude above the sur¬ 
face like the. quills on the “fretful porcu¬ 
pine.” It is not unusual to find a newly-made 
grave in our cemeteries covered with flowers 
one day and the next ornamented or dis¬ 
figured with thousands of wooden tooth-picks, 
the debris of fashionable floral offerings, 
TiATTV T3TTPAT t tdv Friend Cavanach has been spending the 
•aiJjI -RURA L LixL, day with me, and returned home an hour 
_ .. _ since, and that’s how I came to think of this 
York Cit ‘tooth-pick” story, for it was one of tho 
_incidents which came to mind as we talked 
TOOTH-PICKS ANO BOUQUET MAKING. over “ old times ” of years ago. Well, friend 
Aug. 16.—What tooth-picks have to do C > ma Y , iL be a lon S time before you are 
with bouquet xnuking may be a puzzle to the “tooth-picked” out, but when it is done, 1 
uninitiated in floriculture. Of course the hope-it will be well done, 
man who is able to carry a gold tooth-pick THE LAUREL-LEAVED WIllOW. 
is certainly able to purchase more bouquets Aug. 18.—This is ouc of the fluest small 
than one who is not, but whether lie does or trees in my grounds, and I c:innot under- 
j.. a t. „ . . , ,, stand whv it is so seldom planted by those 
does not i, a subject quite loreign to the one vvho ar( . Apparently anxious to produce an 
under consideration. Those who have pur- *• immediate ” pleasing effect in their sur- 
chased bouquets of our New York City roundings. Like all the willows, it grows 
florists during the past ten years, or eni readily from cuttings, and shoots rapidly 
... . , * „ , , ,. into a moderate-sized tree, or by pruning it 
ployed hem to do any floral decorations cau be kept dmvu ju lhe ’ forf * ‘ )t a 
during t he period named, will not need to be shrub. The great beauty of this tree is in its 
toldin wliut manner tooth-picks and bouquet leaves, which are large, deep green on both 
making arc related, hut there are doubtless eides . buL t,UJ 'TP'' 1 ' fi lo * s .V and shining. 1 
r , rsr id.«, rw , <rt , 
have not as yet been let into the secret, on a treo ten years planted, and find they 
When one has flowers in his or her own will average six inches iu length and over 
garden and wishes to make a bouquet, they bl breadth. A person who lias been uc- 
are usually taken off from the plants with customed to see only the common, narrow 
. _ . ,, , . , , 1 leaved weeping willow, or the white, yellow 
stems sufficiently long to work in convenient- mid simitar species, would almost doubt that 
ly, as well as to reach the water in vases or this beautiful species could bo a true willow, 
other kinds of holders. But in cutting flow- 'I’d” 8 *-* "'ho have never seen a good specimen 
ers of various kinds with such long stems uf This tiee witli its brilliant, glossy leaves 
, , . ,, , glistening in the sun, can form a very faint 
more or less undeveloped buds are destroyed, idea of its magnificent appearance. It is 
which of course is no great loss where oue also very hardy, being a native of the north 
has plenty, but the professional florist values of Europe, consequently well adapted to 
buds too highly to permit any such sacrifice !‘ ullu !'° V rHfrle ?» w , hero b «»d S ome-fo- 
. V , i , ’ haged and rapid-growing trees arc, or should 
consequent Ij each individual bloom or cl us- be, appreciated more highly than in the 
ter is cut from the plant iu such a manner Eastern States. 
that the buds in close proximity are left in- Although this species of willow is generally 
tact. To do this in a majority of kinds jailed ‘laurel-leaved,” it is quite evident 
. ... J , u that it Is not the Salts. lamina of botanists, 
necessitates removal with very short stems i also notice that some of our nurserymen 
and the attaching of longer ones artificially tidvert.ise a willow under the name of 8, 
before putting them togethur in bouquets laur (folia, or laurel-leaved, but. I think it, 
or other floral ornaments. For hand or table ' VOUi,J , w iU, .?, 8Uch - 
a , . recorded in botanical woi ks. I here is a lab- 
bouquets each flower or cluster is tied to a folia, luxifnlin and longlfolia, but a laurifolia 
long, slender, tough twig of some shrub, 1 think must bo a “nunservman’s” substi- 
of Monmouth asked for a remedy for fire 
blight on the pear. 
Mr. Quinn and the President replied to the 
effect that authorities differed as to the 
cause of this dreaded disease, its prevention 
and cure. The most effectual remedy seemed 
to be to remove all parts of the affected tree 
as soon as the disease appeared, and burn, to 
prevent its spreading. 
Prof. Cook stated they had received from 
a Pemberton Grange, P. of H., a consign¬ 
ment of potatoes on which Paris green had 
been used very freely for the destruction of 
the potato bug. They had been subjected to 
the most careful analysis and critical exami¬ 
nation, and not the slightest trace of arsenic 
could be detected in them, either in the po¬ 
tatoes themselves, the skins or lhe earth ad¬ 
hering to them. This fact ought to tend to 
allay the l'< ars of timid ladies and “ old fogy ” 
aldermen who seriously contemplate pro¬ 
hibiting tho sale of this important esculent 
when grown by the aid of Paris green. 
A vote of thanks was tendered tho trustees 
of the College for the free use of the room ; 
the third Thursday of January, ’76, selected 
as the time and New Brunswick as the place 
for the first annual meeting of the Society ; 
a meeting of the executive committee ap¬ 
pointed at Waverly during the Fair, after 
which they adjourned. 
«§iin[t) t>ft ii HhtraM 
stem of grass or broom splint, the latter be¬ 
ing a favorite material for this purpose. But 
for baskets, wreaths, and similar ornaments 
arranged upon foundations of moss, shorter 
stems are required, and with many of the 
thick, fleshy flowers, or those held firmly to¬ 
gether with a strong calyx, no tying or 
wiring on the stems is done, but the latter is 
merely thrust into the base of the bloom. 
Stems for such flowers and the purpose 
named are usually a mere sliver whittled to 
a point at both ends, one being thrust into 
the flower and the other into the moss or 
other materials which make up the founda¬ 
tion of basket or floral design. Now, the 
common wooden tooth-pick, made by ma¬ 
chinery and extensively used by saloon 
keepers, is an excellent article for “stem¬ 
ming tuberoses, carnations, and hundreds of 
similar flowers, and it is not at all strange 
that our florists should avail themselves of 
such u handy,’ready-made article. 
HOW THEY CAME TO BE USED. 
A number of years ago one of our well- 
known Brooklyn florists (Mr. Thomas Cav¬ 
anach) received an order to decorate a 
mansion for a wedding party, and among 
the flowers there was to be five thousand 
tuberoses, each single flower to be worked 
into the decorations nicely and must have 
an artificial stems attached, entailing no small 
amount of labor. Almost the first thing to 
folia, lari folia aud longlfolia, but a laurlfolia 
1 think must be a “nurservman’s” substi¬ 
tute for loot inn. But of this I cunuot speak 
very positively, not having seen the different 
willows sold under this mime. 
The true Salfa lourinaot Europe lias the 
young shoots and leaves densely downy, or 
hairy, towards the6Uminil; the leaves finally 
becoming smooth, glaucous beneath and dull 
green above, while the one known as “ iaiuel- 
leaved” in this country has smooth,-glossy, 
f reen leaves and young shoots, and is never 
owny or hairy. It will probably be difficult 
to change the misapplied name to what is 
called here the " laurel-leaved willow,” but 
its true name is “Sweet Bay-leaved,” or, 
botanically, Salts pentandto, It is a native 
of Britain, and often forms compact, hardy- 
lookiug bushes by the side of streams iu the 
north of England. 
The Rev. C. A. Johns, in his Forest Trees 
of Britain, says that he has “seen bushy 
hedges of this willow stretching across the 
bogs which abound in the neighborhood of 
the Giant’s Causeway.” Another English 
writer says when growing it is but a bushy 
shrub, rarely more than eight feet high, but 
whan cultivated it becomes a tree leaching 
to the bight of twenty feet. Some such 
willows may be seen reflected in the waters 
of pleasure grounds, though less frequently 
than from its beauty one might expect. 
My largest specimen, ten years old from 
cutting, is twenty-three feet high, and the 
stem thirty inches iu circumference at the 
ground. The diameter of the top is about 
fifteen feet. This tree is growing in a light, 
sandy soil, and not a twig has been injured 
during our coldest winters. Even a tem¬ 
perature of twenty-seven below zero failed 
to leave a sign upon this Sweet Bay-leaved 
Willow. 
