tinned feeding of milch cows is requisite 
from five to seven months of the year, who 
have not tested the virtue of oii-cako as an 
economizer in fodder can scarce believe how 
profitable its results are, especially during 
long, cold, severe winters. 
Owning about forty cows several years 
since, all of which were stabled during the 
winter season, the writer’s attention was 
called to the value of cotton-seed oil as an 
economizer of fodder, and a trial was given 
it, a ton or two being purchased at St. Louis 
and shipped to Toledo in January. Several 
bushels were thrown into a barrel, which 
was then filled with water ; and when the 
oil-cake had become dissolved about a quart 
of the fluid was poured over the quantity of 
middlings, ent hay, or whatever fodder was 
given each animal at one feeding, great care I 
being taken not to give too much, in order 
not to cloy the appetite— a result which 
follows if caution is not observed in this 
respect. The consequence was that the 
cows grew sleek, were perfectly healthy, 
gave more milk, and required far less feed 
than before ; a very desirable result at that 
time, as the winter nroved n. lnm» r,m> n,wi 
laei/ure wmen, while it requires much less 
labor than the common practice, will greatly 
increase the amount and quality of the pro¬ 
duct. To improve the color, texture and 
external appearance of our butter, and put 
it up in n more attractive and acceptable 
manner. To reduce the quality to an almost 
absolute uniformity without regard to the 
seasons. To build up a reputation among 
consumers, for which we shall receive an 
ample reward in dollars and cents, in addi¬ 
tion to the gratification which its possession 
a fiords. To increase the consumption and 
demand for our products, both at homo and 
abroad. It i 8 practicable for »« ntuwqf a 
years old. Then he must be fed on corn and 
hay for the next six months to get him fit for 
market, and that will cost at least *30 more. 
So that, according to my figures, the three- 
year-old steer. weighing 1,100 pounds, costs 
*87.50, which is a loss of *32.50. 
Rut this loss might, it* a measure, be reme¬ 
died by the introduction of a better breed of 
cattle that will weigh 1,500 pounds at three 
years old, and will also bring *6 per 100 
pounds gross, or *00. Rut it will take time 
to improve the stock of cattle now on hand. 
But we should begin.— A. V., in Indiana 
Journal. 
THE CANADIAN CHEESE FAIR, 
There is to be a grand Cheese Exhibition 
O' t. 6th and 7th, at Ingersoll, Canada, at 
which prizes to the. amount of *700 in gold 
are to be awarded for the best cheese. The 
exhibition is open to all the world, and is 
under the auspices of the Ontario Dairymen’s 
Association. 
" e have heretofore referred in these col¬ 
umns to the advantages to be. derived from 
properly-conducted cheese fairs. The Cana¬ 
dians have made great efforts to attain ex¬ 
cellence in their dairy products, and there is 
probably no section of country where prog¬ 
ress in all that pertains to this branch of in¬ 
dustry has been more rapid. We have no 
doubt the inauguration of cheese fairs where 
liberal prizes are offered for the best goods, 
stimulates manufacturers to better produc- I 
tion. The exhibit ion calls together the man¬ 
ufacturers from different factories with their 
best cheeses and they have opportunity to 
compare the goods, Uie one with the other, 
and discuss all the points of manufacture, 
and at t he Rime time dealers and experienced 
judges are present who pronounce upon the 
quality and style of the cheese and thus, by 
comparison, the less skillful are enabled to 
get useful hints which they can turn to good 
FEEDING COWS—HOW MUCH WILL A 
COW EAT. 
J. H. H. 
Union City, Erie County, Penn., 
gives his experiences as follows : 
Three days since I tilled my barn with 
five acres of Hungarian hay, taken from 
ordinary ground, yield two and one-half tons 
per acre. I weigh all my milk, run a milk- 
wagon, have one acre of sugar-beets, &e. 
“Itiud that eight cows will eat a wagon- 
load of sowed ooru in forty-eight hours. It 
is surprising the amount of food a hearty 
cow will eat in a few hours. The wind blew 
dojvn my sowed corn about the hist of July, 
1374, and, as my pastures were short, I 
thought it would be safe to feed it. So badly 
was it lodged that it could not bo set up 
and cured. I'or eight cows I began wheel- 
ing the corn to them by the wheelbarrow- 
load. This was slow work, as the cows 
would consume one load while I was after 
the other. I then took it to them by the 
GOOD COWS, 
The largest recorded yield of a single c< 
that is perfestly well authenticated, is tl: 
of an animal kept at the jail, at Lew 
England. In eight consecutive years s 
gave 9,720 gallons, or an average of m< 
thau 1,210 gallons a year. She was milk 
one year 828 days and gave 1,230 gulloi 
which made 510 pounds of butter, or at t 
x’ate of a pound of butter from 22 pounds 
milk. 
A Mr. Scott of Shaftesbury, Vt., had 
cow wl 
imty. DO long as 1 continued to remain en 
gaged in the dairy business I never again 
gave up the use of oil-cake, although it 
became difficult to obtain the cotton-seed 
oil-cake, and I tried linseed oil-cake, using it 
in the same manner, with good results, 
although I prefer the former, but would 
of great- | always use the latter when that Is not obtain- 
“ When fodder is scarce and dear the 
value of this experiment is great indeed, 
especially in winter ; and I would advise all 
who are engaged in the production of milk 
for city markets to give it a trial, well con¬ 
vinced they will not regret it. So far as re- 
i increase in the quantity of cream, 1 
say from experience, though it is 
f better quality 
Those who sell 
- — purpose cannot 
fail to derive great benefit from the use of 
oil cake in the manner above described, as it 
is a saving of money, while it also serves as 
an aid in making it. - ’ 
--"’VWVMJ, v U., iJCbvl li, 
hose milk yielded 504 pounds of butter 
in 1868, or at the rate of oue pound of butter 
from 20 pounds of milk. 
An Ayrshire cow recently yielded 300 1-2 
pounds of butter in ten months after calving 
or between March 10th, 18(50, and January 
loth, 1807, besides supplying a family with 
milk and cream. 
It must be apparent that the proportion of 
butter will vary not only with the breed, 
but with the season of the year. The milk 
of the Ayrshire cow is generally richer in 
butter than that of the Short-Horn, but not 
so rich as that of the Jersey or Brittany. 
The best returns of butter are generally got 
late in summer or early in the fall, Septem¬ 
ber and October.— Canada Farm am* Advo¬ 
cate. 
mere is one feature m connection with 
these shows which we think would have 
added greatly to their interest and useful¬ 
ness, and that is a public discussion In the 
evening in which the different manufactur¬ 
ers and dealers could be called upou to give 
an expression of iheir views and experiences. 
In Scotland a free interchange of opinion is 
given in their “after-dinner” speeches on 
such occasions and much useful information 
is elicited. 
The following are the prizes offered and 
the conditions under which the cheese is to 
be shown at the Canada Exhibition : 
Clans A-—Rest six rlieoso, niailo 2 in July, 2 in 
August and 8 In Heniember, on the following 
days: -21st and :>t»,li July, 12th and mb August 
unci *4 au<l 0th fceplurnber. Kwh uhmtsn to 
Clan- R.—Best two cheese (colored), made one 
on the 3d and oue on 31st August. Each choc le 
M, '' Ur " V(>r ‘ Priz,? ’ 5M, 
Glass C.—Beat two cheese (white), made loth 
August and Uth September. Each cheese to 
df/ *10 * t)S ’ 0f OVOr ' |, ir t Brize, $25; 2d, $16; 
*20 "'lid V 98 * 11 V ° Stllt0n ohee * c - El rat Prize, 
.v flv « boar or Truckle cheese. 
First Prize, *20; 2d. *10. 
(Exhibitors to Us-sos ]> a ,„j e must distin¬ 
guish between l„,ai and Stilton cheese, as herc- 
SiUtmn ,U> ,avo competed in the same Class as 
Class Best two cheese (colored) made in 
July. First Prize. t'KI; 2d, £5; 3d, £2 sterling. 
I ids prize is given specially to Induce foreign 
Competition, and the management would be 
pleased to see American and English cheese 
well represented in this Class, amt trust Cana¬ 
dians will see to it that these i rizos are not 
taken out of the country except after the keen¬ 
est competition. 
1 lass 0. Best two t!;kins$or butter, not less 
than aO ibs. each. I- irst Prize, *40 ; 2d, *20 ; 3d, 
The above cheese and butter will be judged 
and prizes awarded according to their quality 
and value for shipping to the English market. 
Conditions. 
First.- All entries to be made with the .Secre¬ 
tary, J. c. HKfU.ltit, Ingersoll, on or beture 12 
o clock on the nay of exhibition. 
it is desirable that all entries should be made 
not later than the day before exhibition and 
exhibitors will greatly oblige the management 
by observing this as far as possible. 
Second. Entrance to members of Dairymen’s 
Association, * i; non-members, *2. 
I bird. Declarations as to treatment and 
manufacture to accompany each entry. Forms 
can be obtained by wilting to the Secret.ry. 
Fourth.— Any person or persona inisrcpre&ent- 
ing as to dates will forfeit any prize that may 
be awarded them. 
Fifth. Any factory or manufacturer can com¬ 
pete in all classes, but no factory call com not .> 
under different names in the same class. 
ifixtli, An cheese to be bored or tested pre¬ 
vious to exhibition. 
Seventh.-Competent Judges will be secured 
arj «I-- I' bo&stble, iion-rastdents of Canada. 
icJt'kutn.- All cheese to ho the manufacture of 
except titilton in Class l», in which age is 
optional. 
All cheese or butter for exhibition is to be 
addressed to E. Caswell, President of the 
Association, at Ingersoll, Canada. We should 
he glad to see a good representation of cheese 
from this side of the line at the exhibition. 
gards an 
cannot i 
alleged to produce cream o 
and of increased quantity, 
milk and keep cows for this 
» aim town and Ogdensburgh R. R. there 
were shipped 2,900,878 pounds of butter and 
by the Ogdensburgh and Lake Champlain R. 
R. 6,511,812 pounds of butter. Adding to 
these 215,100 shipped from ICene and Moria, 
as probably HE Lawrence Co. product, we 
have the total amount of butter made aud 
shipped in IS I aggregating 0,367,890 pounds. 
Of cheese during the same time there was 
shipped from the county 6,081,398 pounds. 
This is a very good showing for the product 
of one branch of farming from a single 
county; but^in addition, the butter and 
cheese consumed in the county must also he 
taken into account. Thus it will be seen 
that the dairy farmers of HE Lawrence have 
handled a good deal of money during the 
past .year and we hope a fair share of it eatt 
be credited to clear gaiu or profit. The 
largest shipments of butter from any one 
stat ion were made from Potsdam Junction, 
amounting to over 8,500,000 pounds. In the 
shipments of cheese ffouverneur takes the 
lead, the amount being 1,290,436 pounds. 
Uf course the answer to the above question 
depends upon circumstances. At the present 
price of beef in Chicago, the greatest cattle 
market in the United Htates, if not in the 
world, the feeder cannot expect much, more 
than *5 per 100 lbs. gross, where they must 
be transported from 200 to 500 miles by rail. 
The average steer at three years old will 
not weigh over 1,100 lbs. gross. That will 
foot up only $55, or fivu cents per day for the 
1,10n days he has been fed, to say nothing 
any instances 
-•purpose 
or the taxes that have 
about the cow that lias in tut.-— : 
been kept, a whole year for no other 
than to raise a calf, 
to bo paid about twice on the steer before he 
cun be made ready for the market, which, 
by the way are no inconsiderable items. 
And then onc-iialf of the calves are heifers, 
ami are not as valuable as steers. Aud then 
about five per cent, of all the calves die 
before maturity ; then there is also another 
item of interest on the investment; first on 
the cow and then on her feed, and the labor 
of earing for her, and after that on the feed 
and labor that are required to raise the calf 
to be a beef of 1,100 lbs. at three years old. 
All these Items will amount to about the 
one-half price of the steer, or *27.50, not to 
include the grass and corn actually fed to 
the steer, so you have $27.50 for that. 
Now let us see how far that will go toward 
feeding the calf thirty-six months. The first 
six months, if he is permitted to run in the 
pasture and take all of the cow's milk, he 
will gain more pounds per day than at any 
other period of his life, and will weigh, on 
the average, 400 pounds, and Is a good little 
beef without having been fed any corn. 
And at this age is a good time to nEoouo 
TO INCREASE THE DAIRY INCOME 
Jjer stock ilftvo never* failed to show their 
large butter-making qualities. The true type 
of a Jersey cow is iu tact an animal that will 
not make meat. I do not say that this is im¬ 
proved upon by acclimatization aud a slight 
introduction of a hardier breed, of which 
what are termed Chichester Jersey are the 
best descript ion, neither do J say that Jersey 
breeders in the island itself have not In some 
instances a breed that shows a disposition to 
nmko some flesh, and very probably may 
thus bo followiug up the requirements of 
fashion, yet I maintain that a pure Jersey 
should throw the bulk of her feeding proper¬ 
ties into batter and with little to flesh. The 
parti colored good cow may have had but a 
white spot, especially under the belly ; but 
OIL-CAKE FOR MILCH C0W3, 
throughout the body the rich yellow skin 
under any colored hair, will be found black, 
white or lawn. I have seen the eornutence- 
- correspondent of the Toledo Farm 
irnal gives the readers of that paper the 
efit of his experience, as follows : 
Dairymen in this vicinity, where con 
