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“PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT" 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
EDEAL, liraUKf AND MMl KKWSPAPKE. 
D. D. X. MOORE, 
ITouncler and Conducting >Cditor. 
SEPT. Yg | 
WM, J. FOWLER, ANDREW 8. FOLLER 
AnHoeiate Hlditora. 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D.. Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Editob or tub l)*rir.Tv*KT or Sarrr MamiNcsT. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y„ 
Editob or TBB D«piBtM«»T or Daibt Hcouhi. 
G. A. C. BARNETT. Publisher. 
TERMS FOR 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE. WHICH fUKUSIIEIlS PREPAY. 
KUiglo Copy, *2.f>o per Year. To ClubsFive Cop- 
tes, and mio copy free to Agent or getter up of Club, 
for *13.40 j Seven Copies, und one free, for *17.20; Ten 
Copies, nn<l one free, *21.50—only *2.15 per copy. The 
above rates IncheF postage (wli I eh we shall be obliged 
to prepay after Jan. 1, 1875, under the new law,) to 
auy part of the United States, and the American 
postage on all copies mailed to Canada. On papers 
mailed to Jlurope, by steamer, the postage will be 85 
oents extra—or *3.60 in all. Drafts, Post-Office Money 
Orders and Registered .bettors may bo mailed at our 
risk, fciff" Liberal Premiums to all Club Agents who 
do not take, free copies. Specimen Numbers Show- 
Bills, &c., sent free. 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside, nth and l.ith pages (Agate space).60c. per line. 
*• 13th page.71/ " 
Outside or last page.1.00 “ 
Fiftv per cent, extra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, leaded, by count.1.26 " 
Business " .1.50 “ 
Bending * 2.00 " 
Discount on t Insertions. 10 per et.; 8 bis., 15 per ct.j 
13 Ins., 20 pur et.; 26 Ins., 25 per cl.; 52 ins., 33X per ct. 
tif No ad vertisement Inserted for less tlran *3. 
PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
No, 78 Duane Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St., (Darrow’S Bookstore, Osburn 
House Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
SATURDAY, SEPT, 18, 1875. 
MOORE'S RURAL FOR 1876. 
TO AGENTS AND EVERYBODY! 
EXTRA INDUCEMENTS! 
Spco'.al and Extraordinary Premium0 for all 
who Form Oluba! 
The Rural New-Yorker or, as many style 
It, the “ Good Old Rural ’’—proposes to furnish 
a better paper than ever during the ensuing 
year, and also to reward Its Agent-Friends more 
liberally t ban of yore. Its Programme for 1876, 
already arranged, Includes genuine Improve¬ 
ment [iu Contents and Appearance, and Large 
Special Premiums to those forming Clubs—in 
addition to what Is regularly offered. The Spe¬ 
cial or Extra Premiums are for the largest lists, 
and range In value from $15.00 to $625 eaoh! If 
these Extraordinary Inducements do not wake 
up the long-time and many new friends of the 
* Old Rural," then we shall have little future 
faith in abundant Rewards—In giving "Good 
Pay for Doing Good 1” 
The above brief announcement is made for 
the benefit of All Our Readers, and espe¬ 
cially Club Agents and such subscribers and 
other readers ns may feel induced to benefit 
themselves, and their friends also, by helping 
the Rural. Those who know our former 
oourso are aware that we always fulfill our 
promises to the letter, not only in regard to 
the journal itself, hut also in prompt payment 
of Prem'ums. Hence we will only say to all In¬ 
terested that Lists of Special and Regular Pre¬ 
miums. Specimens, etc., will be promptly 
mailed, postpaid, to all disposed to do, what we 
hope every live frtend of the Rural will— Try 
tor a Olub and Premium ! 
A TRIAL TRIP 1 
In order to introduce the Rural New- 
Yorker to t be notice and support of thousands 
of ncn-subscribers, and to show the people, at 
a small expense, that it is all that is claimed, 
we will send the Thirteen Numbers of the next 
Quarter (Oct. to January), postpaid, for Only 
Fifty Cents. Try the Trial Trip. 
THE GREAT NEW ENGLAND FAIR. 
Manchester, N. H., Sept. 9. 
The combined Pair of the Hew England Ag¬ 
ricultural Society and the Nsw Hampshire State 
Agricultural Society, opened at this place last 
■Tuesday (7th lust.,) on the grounds of the Man¬ 
chester Riding Park Association. These 
grounds are very pleasantly situated within the 
city limits, and with the buildings and sheds 
erected thereon by the Society, offer good fa¬ 
cilities to exhibitors of all kinds for a full dis¬ 
play. 
The sh ow of Working Cattle is very large and 
good. In the Fine Cattle Department Short- 
Horns and Jerseys take the lead, there being 
numerous entries In each class. Ayres hi res 
were second, with a goodly number of Devons, 
He'eford*, Grades, &c. In the Sheep Depart¬ 
ment the display is larger than usual. Merinos 
being the moat numerous. There is also a 
larger display of Swine than usual, there being 
126 entries, principally White Breeds with a few 
choice Blacks. In the Horse Department, as 
usual, the display Is not only large but very 
floe. Among tbc Working Stallions we notice 
*’Young Morrill," still In his prime, though 26 
years old; "Gen. Lyon," "Dorsey Golddust,” 
etc. The Poultry Show Is meager, but few fine 
fowls being on exhibition. There Is a large 
show of Fancy Dogs for hunting, etc. 
In Floral Hall the display is small. Messrs 
J. T. Smith 'k Sons of Brentwood, N. H., make 
the largest show of Plants, Rustic Works, &c., 
carrying off the principal premiums. ThcFruit 
show is small, on account ox" the bad season. 
In the Important Department of Agricul¬ 
tural Implements, the Ames Plow Co., exhibit 
so many goods that, the Society allow them to 
fly their flag over the tent allowed to the dis¬ 
play. A morig their numerous entries we notice 
the new Davis Keif-Ad jus ting Churn, New Am¬ 
erican Hay Tedder, a very large assortment of 
Plows, &c. Mr. Scott exhibits the New Wal¬ 
ter A. WOOD Mower arid Reaper; N. C. IlYDli of 
Poultncy, Vt., the Improved Gray Horse-power 
Thresher; Everett Sc Km all of Boston, the 
Matthews Seed Drill and Holbrook's Swivel 
Plows. TbeHlgganum Manf’g. Co., of lliggarj- 
uni, Conn., through M 11 , C. B. Da vik, their Treas¬ 
urer, make a flue show of Charter Oak Plows 
and Farmer’s Favorite Cider Mills. Potato 
Diggers. &c. Our old friend E. E. Lltmmi s of 
Boston, Is on the grounds, but has none of his 
goods ou exhibition. The Bradley Fertilizer Co., 
of Boston, have their new Fertilizers and Sea 
Foam G uano on exhibition. 1'. F. Holbrook’s 
new Two or Three Horse Reversible Plow, for 
level land or side-hill, was exhibited In opera¬ 
tion, and elicited both attention and com¬ 
mendation. 
The Farmer's Moetings at the City Hall have 
been well attended. On Tuesday evening the 
subject was Cattle Breeding. The principal 
speakers were!fien. Natt Head, (Prea’t N. H. 
Agl. 8oc„) and Dr. Doming. The next evening 
the subject was Horse Breeding, which was dls- 
cuased by Col. J. B.CLAUKof Manchester, GSn. 
Head, Mr. Roberts, (Pres't. Maine Board of Ag- 
ricul lure), and CoI.Nekdham. The opening ad¬ 
dress was made by Dr. LORING, on Wednesday, 
at 10 A. M. 
The weather to date has been all that could 
be desired. The attendance yesterday va* fully 
10,000, aud promises to be very much larger to¬ 
day. To-morrow a very large crowd is. expected, 
as Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn will de¬ 
liver an address at 1 1*. M. Every convenience 
is afforded to members of the press, for which 
our old friend, Col. Daniel Needham, Seo’y of 
the N. E. Ag’J. Soc., is to be thanked. 
-♦♦♦- 
MAILS FOR IRURAL DISTRICTS. 
Postmaster-General Jewell Is doing ex¬ 
cellent work In reforming abuses In hi9 depart¬ 
ment, and deserves the hearty support of the 
public in his efforts. By exposing corruption 
in the letting of contracts he has undoubtedly 
saved a considerable sum, which will help 
make the Postal Department more nearly self- 
sustaining. But some olher ventures of the 
Postmaster-General are likely to result in aug¬ 
menting rather than decreasing the expenses, 
and that without any increase of postal reve¬ 
nues. Of this kind is a faBt mail train to run 
between New York aud Cnicago In twenty-six 
hours, which, we axe told, is to be put in opera¬ 
tion early in October. It Ib expected that In 
time thi* fast train will be run at proportionate 
speed across the continent, stopping only at 
large cities on the route. Nothing is said just 
now about the expense of such a train, and we 
are led to infer that it goes through on the or¬ 
dinary contracts, but let it be fairly established, 
above all let the press declare It " a necessity," 
as newspapers will he very apt to do, and we 
shall very soon have large amounts claimed 
and allowed by the railroads for additional ser¬ 
vice. "We protest that the mall servioe is Dot 
In such prosperous condition that It can afford 
any additional burdens. Especially we think 
that people in rural communities will object to 
being taxed extra In order that fast mails may 
be run between a few large cities a few hoars 
earlier. Not an additional letter will be sent 
because of such fast trains, fur the telegraph 
will still be the favorite. In fact, it will be a 
very slight convenience to anybody, and how¬ 
ever much enterprise it. may show, would not 
be thought worth while by anybody except a 
Government mail-carrier. 
There are some other matters wherein aur 
postal service needs revision in the interests of 
the rural population. The American people 1 
are taxed with higher postage than is neoessary, 
and have to make up deficiencies at that, in or¬ 
der to maintain an expensive letter delivery 
system in the cities, which a large proportion 
of city residents do not use, and whose chief 
purpose seems to be to maintain a large force 
of employes under Post Office control. If the 
Post Office were more than paying its way this 
might be excusable, but with deficiencies of 
millions per year it ought not to be tolerated. 
A reduction of letter postage to two cents, or 
possibly to one cent, and putting back the 
prices of third class matter to the old rates, will 
do more for public convenience even in cities 
than the continuance of the partial and one¬ 
sided letter delivery system. What Is more, by 
abolishing that system and reducing rates as 
above, the American Post Office Department 
will come nearer to paying expenses than it has 
in many years. It would also largely reduce 
official patronage, and that Is an advantage of 
perhaps greater importance than all others. 
- ,♦» - — 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
New nn<l Fatal Disease among Cnttle.—We 
learn by a private letter from Avon that a pecu¬ 
liar disease has broken out among the cattle be¬ 
longing to J. W. Wadsworth of Geneseo on a 
farm In Caledonia. The Rochester papers give 
Borne further particulars of the disease, from 
which wo learn that It has broken out In a herd 
of nearly live hundred of which about forty 
have died and twenty more are sick. The 
cattle appear dumpish, after which matter 
exudes from the nose, soon followed by death. 
Prof. Lowe of Cornell University has visited 
the herd, and decides that the disease la a kind 
of murrain, and probably caused by a pool of 
stagnant, water in the pasture field. The great¬ 
est care Is taken to prevent the spread of the 
disease among other herds. Murrain baa often 
prevailed In Europe, and in 1843 and 1847 was In¬ 
troduced to this oountry from England, and in 
1859 into Massachusetts by some importation of 
Dutch cattle. The disease, however, appears 
to originate sporadically in localities suited to 
its development. It often prevails on marshy 
soils and on rich river bottoms. The disease la 
carried In clothing, and hence drovers and 
butchers are liable to convey it, unless great 
care Is taken. The disease will probably be 
confined to its present limits. A altutlar disease 
is reported to have broken out In a herd of 
cattle at Hhincbcck on the Hudson. Two 
cattle have died. Cattle from the West are 
also said to be suffering from a similar disLase. 
The Latent ('anal Job.— The Joint Legisla¬ 
tive Committe to investigate canal frauds in 
this State has presented a report relative to the 
job of raising the water of Otisco Lake. The 
contract for building a dam so as to raise the 
waters of Otisco Lake ten feet was given to A. 
Bkldkn under tho agreement that the work 
was to be "completed and finished" within alx 
months, aud that" thefuJI compensation there¬ 
for” should be $9,344. The work ran along for 
three years, and when the account was closed 
the contractor was found to have received from 
the State $43,753, or nearly live times as much 
as the sum originally agreed on. The awards 
made for lands flooded by the additional waters 
of the lake amounted to $76,000. Among the 
fraudulent charges was one for chopping,grub¬ 
bing and clearing 470 acres at tho rate of $70 per 
acre; but the contractor was paid by contract 
for chopping and clearing, so that $33,520 was 
paid for “ grubbing,’’ for which one stump tvas 
taken out. A sixteen acre meadow was paid 
for clearing as "timber land." Many of the 
owners of the land desired to clear it them¬ 
selves, taking the timber as compensation, but 
this was not allowed by the contractors, who 
removed the trees and afterw ards sold them at 
high prices to the State. The property owners 
were pacified by excessive appraisals of their 
land, so that everybody, excepting the State, 
made money by the transaction. The work has 
been in progress for years under the succes 
slve administrations of CaDal Commissioners 
Wright, Fox and Strand, and State Eoglneens 
Wm. II. Taylor and Sweet, all of whom 6eem to 
have been involved unpleasantly in this trans¬ 
action 
-*♦«- 
Light Crops.—The wheat crop in Western 
New York turns out less at threshing time than 
was expected. There are some good pieces; 
hut all of these, so far as we have learned, are 
due to superphosphate, or s jme other concen¬ 
trated fertilizer. Where these were not used 
the yield varlesfrom almost nothing to ten or 
fifteen bushels per acre. Mr. Baron Barber 
of Avon, a wealthy and successful farmer, 
thrashed 100 bushels from 100 acres of wheat 
sown. Much of this was mown for bay, and not 
threshed. His wheat crops are usually very 
heavy, ranging from twenty-five to forty bushels 
per acre. Mr. Barber, tbl6 fall, is preparing to 
sow 100 acres of the ClawBon wheat, a variety 
which endures the winter better than any other. 
Good Barley In Western New York.—The 
crop of spring grains In Western New York Is 
unusually goed this season, compensating in 
part for 1 he failure In wheat. During a recent 
visit tbtiherwe heard of several fields which 
gave thirty-five to upwards of fifty bushels per 
acre. Tne two-rowed barley Is of particularly 
fine quality, and crops which yielded forty-five , 
bushels by measure will overrun fifty by weight ; 
Some of the barley is stained, but a very con- ] 
siderable proportion has teen got in without ‘ t 
rain. The effects of clean culture and previous 
manuring for the corn or potato crop" last year 
are noticeable in freedom from weeds and 
heavier barley this season. 
The Ilnrley Crop.—The recent rains in the 
Northwestern State* have probably done more 
damage to barley than to wheat, barley being 
most liable to injury from sprouting. As a 
consequence good, bright, unstained barley is 
likely to be in demand this year and those hav¬ 
ing such quality will be apt to get a good price 
for it. W. D. Smith of Gswego, furnishes the 
following information relative to condition and 
quantity of the barley crop of the country: 
Canada—Has 25 per cent, of good malting grain ; 
over half is bright and good, the balance just as 
heavy but colored a little. New York State— 
has more than an average crop and in fair con¬ 
dition. Illinois—Bushels enough but poor; 
will inspect No. 3 and rejected In Chicago. 
Wisconsin has the best barley in the Northwest; 
some is stained a trifle but will nearly all grade 
No. 2; yield and quality the best for years. 
Iowa—Poor and bltghted; will inspect mostly 
rejected, with some unfit for market. In some 
counties the average weight Is not over 38 lbs. 
Minnesota—Large crop of good barley. Will 
grade mostly No. 2 Chicago. In one or two 
counties It is badly stained but the berry is 
very fine. Acreage a little more than last year. 
Yield, 200 per cent. more. 
1 - 
Grass Seed Planted by Grasshoppers.—The 
idea that “ nature abhors a vacuum”—or rather 
that there is always an effort to restore a bal¬ 
ance artificially deranged—4* receiving strong 
confirmation from the far West. Where grass¬ 
hoppers last year left general desolation, new 
varieties of grasses never seen In those locali¬ 
ties are springing up. The principal species is 
a groon bunch gra* 3 nr luxuriant growth, which 
cattle eat with avidity. This is very probably 
Identical with tne " bunch” grass which grows 
on tho far-Western plains and in California. If 
it proves valuable In States farther East, there 
may be partial compensation for the ravages of 
the locusts. The seed was undoubtedly brought 
In bodies of the grasshoppers and after their 
death, finding the ground bare and fertilized 
by their remains, there was no obstacle to its 
growth. 
The Long Island Poultry Association, though 
recently organized, bids fair to achieve marked 
success, judging from what we learn of its pro¬ 
posed operations. It will offer liberal premi¬ 
ums for the best displays of fancy ami hunting 
dogs, poultry, pigeons, birds, flower.-, etc. Wo 
are Informed that the Association has secured 
oneof the largest buildings in Brooklyn wherein 
to bold its initial annual exhibition the first 
week in December. Exhibitors will be charged 
only one dollar per coop or specimen, and 
nothing additional if there is competition for 
special premiums. For premium lists address 
tho Secretary, Mr. T. Smith, Stony Brook, L. I. 
FaIm Next Week.—Among the Agricultural 
Fairs to be held the ensuing week, the most 
prominent are those of Western New York at 
Rochester, Kept. 20-25; New Jersey, at Waver- 
ly, Sept. 20—24; Omaha, at Nebraska. Sept. 21— 
24; Maine, at Portland, Bept. 21—24. From all 
these we hope to receive favorable reports— 
especially from the famed Western New- 
Yorkers and the noted " .Jersey Blues." 
George Geddes gives timely warning in tho 
Tribune against using grain for seed which has 
been injured in harvesting. A very slight heat¬ 
ing of grain In the stock before threshing or in 
the bln will destroy its vitality, ami seed which 
has been wet even will be often found much In¬ 
jured. Owing to the wet harvest in many sec¬ 
tions, there is daDger of a failure of seed from 
this course. 
-- 
SURAL BREVITIES. 
On seven farms in Champaign County, Ill., 
there are 2,100 acres of broom-corn. 
The rainfall in New York, from the 21st of 
July to the 21st of August was 11.69 Inches. 
The value of trout streams which have been 
stocked on Long Island, within a few years, ex¬ 
ceed $1,100,000. 
The yield of wheat in Wisconsin this yearwill 
be at least 30,000,000 bushels, 25,000,000 bushels of 
which can be spared for export. 
The Cranberry crop in Wisconsin Isa failure 
this year irom the recent frosts. Fully two- 
thirda of the berries are unsound. 
Mr. E. N. Freshman, the wide-awake adver¬ 
tising agent ol Cmctnuatl, is making good pro¬ 
gress, we tire glad to learn. He is always push¬ 
ing, and merits the success ho is achieving. 
There are two butter makers near Philadel¬ 
phia who always sell their batter at $1 a 
pound, and have a ootstant demand for all they 
can make. Good and uniform quality Is the se¬ 
cret of t heir sucoess. 
Aooordlngto a Vicksburg newspaper there is 
not a broom factory in the South. It there were 
a market for broom corn, larmers could real¬ 
ize $100 per acre by its production, and the cap¬ 
ital invested In its manufacture would pay 10 
per oent. 
BUSINESS NOTICES. 
BOBBINS’ ELECTRIC SOAP, 
made by Cragin & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.,) being 
perfectly pure, requires less than common soap. 
Hence its economy Is apparent. Ask your grocer to 
get it. 
