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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
OCT.46 
1 PROCRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
BUBAL, L1TKRABV AND KAMlLf mffSPAPBB. 
D. D. T. MOORE, 
Founder and Conduotinic Kditor. 
/* _ 
WM, J. FO WLER, r ANDREW 8. FULLER 
A«*ooiate Kditors, 
HENRY S. RANDALL LL, D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Editob o» th« Dikibtmckt o» Snip HflRAHDBT, 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Fells, N. Y., 
Editob or rut Dkpabtm«nt or DilBT Hp«»ixi>*r. 
G. A. C. HARNETT, Publisher. 
TERMS POR 1875, IN ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING POSTAGE, WHICH PUBLISHERS PREPAY. 
Single Copy, $2.68 per Year. To ClnbBFive Cop. 
Ins, and one copy free to Agent or getter up of Club. 
for$13.40; Seven Coplea, and one free, for $17.110; Tun 
Copies,and one freo, 92146— only *2.15 per copy. Th 
above rates inclmu poKingr (wlileh we shall be obliged 
to prepay after Jon. I, 1575, under the new law.) to 
any part of the United States, and the American 
postage on all copies mulled to Canada, On papers 
mulled to Europe, by si earner, the postage will be 85 
cents extra—or $3.5') m all. Drafts, Post-Office Money 
Orders and Registered Letters may bn mulled at our 
risk. Liberal Premium* to all Clnb A went- who 
do not take free copies. Specimen Numbers Show- 
Bills, ii e., sent free. 
ADVERTISING RATES: 
Inside. 14th and lath pages (A Kate space).tide, per line. 
" 13th page.TO “ 
Outside or Iasi pane. .1.U0 “ 
Kiftv per cent, extra for unusual display. 
Special Notices, loaded, by count.1.25 " 
Custnoxx " ......................1.50 “ 
Reading * 2.00 ** 
Discount on 4 insertions, 10 per efc.; R Ins., 15 per ct.; 
13 In*., 20 per ct.; 261ns., 25 per el.; 52 ins., 83K per ct. 
tat* No iidvortlsement inserted for less than $3. 
PUBLICATION OFFICES: 
No, 78 Duana Street, New York City, and No. 67 
East Main St., (Darrow’s Bookstore, Osburn 
Mouse Block,) Rochester, N. Y. 
THE. NEW YORK STATE FAIR. 
In last week's Rural we pave a general arti¬ 
cle on the recent State Fair at Elmira, briefly 
alluding to the several departments of the exhi¬ 
bition, into ruling (if not promising) to give a 
detailed report In uur present number. Thia 
intention is fulfilled to some extent in t.bo arti¬ 
cle on Implements, Machines, Ac., ami the list, 
of premiums awarded on Stock, Fruits and 
Flowers, published on the second and third 
pages (250 251) Of this paper. In the article on 
implements, ,Vc., we have endeavored to notice 
the most Important new Inventions and Im¬ 
provements, but have not space to oven mention 
many articles worthy of description and com¬ 
mendation. We have notes in regard toother 
departments of the excellent, exhibition, but 
must defer them for the present, if not omit 
t heir publication altogether, for the cogent rea¬ 
son already stated. 
The list of Awards of Premiums which we 
publish comprises the names arid residences of 
prize winners in the various classes of Live 
Stock, Fruits and Flowers, and Will prove of 
Interest and value to many of our readers. 
These awards %re substituted for a detailed 
report of or comment upon the departments 
they represent, though we are aware that they 
do not indicate some creditable points, or 
even mention, animals and articles which merit 
commendation. However, we purpose making 
in tills and early future numbers brief mention 
or notice of sundry noteworthy matters and 
things observed during the Fair. 
The Fair, as we stated last week, was a great 
success, and exceptionally well managed 
throughout, the President (Gen. Diykn), the 
Secretary (Mr. Hakisonj, the General Super¬ 
intendent (Major How in), and the several other 
Executive Officers and Superintendents appa¬ 
rently vielngwith each other in endeavoring to 
discharge their respective duties with prompt 
ness and fidelity. In this regard we think the re¬ 
cent Fair unsurpassed if not unequaled, and we 
cheerfully award credit to a management which 
fully sustained the reputation of a Society 
which has, as a whole, a most honorable record 
—albeit we have sometimes had occasion to 
criticise the course pursued at some previous 
exhibitions. 
-- 
Our New Premium List*— both Regular and 
Special, or Extra, —are Issued in a beautiful 
8-page Illustrated Supplement, and rtogether 
with specimens ami other necessary documents 
for forming clubs) will ho promptly sent, free 
and post-paid, to all desiring to help themselves 
by extending the Rural’s circulation. 
SWINDLING FARMERS BY FRAUDULENT 
NOTES. 
The Dlrigo (Maine) Rural says an old swindle 
for getting money from farmers by fraudulent 
notes has been extensively practiced In that 
state the past season. The plan Ib for the swin¬ 
dler to pretend to be an agent fora reaper or 
mower, which l>c offers at a very low price In 
quantities, proposing to sell ten,say for$500, for 
which ho takes the farmer’s note payable at 
some bank three months after date, on receipt, 
of ten mowing machines, value received. The 
words Jn italics extend beyond the rest of the 
note. These the “ agent "clips off, and the note 
is then taken to bank, the swindler gets his 
money and decamps, and, of course, the farmer 
never hears anything more of his machines. 
The note, however, comes due, and as the 
farmer’s name is regularly signed, he lias to pay 
it- The Rural says that many thousand dollars 
have been taken out of Maine in this way. We 
don't believe this is good law, and if It iv, we are 
more ashamed of the law than ever. In the 
first place, this alteration of the note makes 
It a forgery and Invalidates It altogether. 
Secondly, it Is Impossible that any such 
note should be discounted without, en¬ 
dorsement, by any responsible banking 
house. A cashier always requires the payee 
to endorse a discounted note. What for? Evi¬ 
dently not so much as a guarantee of the maker’s 
ability to pay, as of the affirmed fact that 
“value” has been “received." The cashier 
knows that the payee has the valueof the note. 
If this Is the only “value” paid on the note, 
common Bense would say that the batik must, 
have recourse to the nian who has received it. 
lie, of course, is far enough away before the 
note comes due, and probably is not worth su¬ 
ing If caught. This makes it had for the bank, 
but does not alter the law a particle, any more 
than would any other klud of forged paper get¬ 
ting among the bank assets. In ninety-nine 
cases out of one hundred, banks which hold 
swindling notes of this klud are not innocent 
purchasers of the same. Tbo Idea that a stran¬ 
ger in a cqnununit.y, its all these swindlers are, 
can passthrough a respectable bank on Jits own 
endorsement, the noteB of even the best farm¬ 
ers in the county without awaking suspicion 
and inquiry is simply preposterous, It bank 
officials do know the swindler, so much the 
worse. Let them bo brought to court and tell 
how much they know, or rather, how far the , 
swindle of the “ agent " was their conspiracy 
with him to defraud farmers. 
It sometimes happens that the swindlers get | 
the endorsement of other farmers on these 
notes, but as the endorsement is obtained un- i 
dor false pretenses, it in practically a forgery 
and legally void, like the signature, iupL/oAM*o 
same reason. Sometimes a “specimen” ma- | 
chine i* left, and the note given for that and ^ 
the balance. In such cases the court holds 
that “value” lois been “ received," much or 
little it matters not, and the whole amount 
must be paid. We believe this to bo equally 
unsound law with the other, but arc not so sure 
it can be set aside. The defect in either note Is 
notthu failure to receive “ value," but the fraud 
In changing a note afier it Is signed. If a man j 
makes a note " for value received." and never 
gets one cent or a thousandth part, of a cent for | 
it, lie Is liable for the full amount. Uissignu- t 
tore acknowledges "value received” and he r 
can't go back on that. Rut suppose the words t 
“value received” wore not in the note as s 
signed, but added afterward, lie can plead f 
either that “he never signed that note" or “ no ' 
consideration,” or can put in both pleas and j 
refuse payment on either. We doubt whether < 
it makes any difference to the validity of an al¬ 
tered note whether the alteration consisted iu 
something added to it or in something taken I 
from It. Common sense, at least, would say ' 
that It did not. $ 
1 our friend. “ Offer good Premiums, but tell 
your Agents to •‘how the. paper, explain its char¬ 
acter and objects, and that It is doing good to 
the people and country. Appeal to tbeir pa¬ 
triotism as well as their pockets—for people 
who have consciences (as most have) will work 
for the benefit of their fellow men as well a* 
for (and sometimes In preference to) them¬ 
selves." 
— Our Illustrated Supplement, containing 
lists of both Regular and Extra Premiums, with 
engravings and descriptions of overforty of the 
articles offered, is now ready and will be sent 
free to all disposed to aid in obtaining tbe Mil¬ 
lion of Subscribers. “A word to the wise,” 
etc. . 
-M-*- 
“The Knight of Waverly.” — Mr Dear 
Moore :—I am in a state of great solicitude and 
anxiety. A few days since 1 read in the New 
York Herald a thrilling description of the gal¬ 
lant and chivalrous efforts of our friend P. T. 
Quinn to promote New Jersey Agriculture by 
tilting at a tournament on t he New Jersey Fair 
Grounds. The glorious statement was made 
that he distinguished himself by thrusting a 
pole through three of the suspended rings that 
blocked the way of agricultural progress In 
New Jersey 1 How I did rejoice! But I have 
not learned whether the “ Knight of Waverly " 
survived the effort. The Herald failed to say 
that, the “ Knight of Waverly” was accompan¬ 
ied by his surgeon and friend, Dr. Trimule, 
“Knight of Newark,” appropriately mounted 
upon a big Jersey ourcullo. If the Herald had 
given this assurance I Btaould have felt no fur¬ 
ther anxiety for the safety of our friend Quinn. 
As It is, this suspense Is terrible. I appeal to 
you to relieve it—to say whether the “Knight 
of Waverly"survives and If he is well? And 
can you tell me whether there Is another Sec¬ 
retary of a Htate Agricultural Society In this 
Union who has ever become a Knight? If not, 
shouldn’t knightly and chivalrous men,like the 
“Knight of Waverly," be hereafter chosen for 
such official positions ? Most anxiously.—c. i>. u. 
In response to the anxious luquiry of our 
long-time Associate, (whom hosts of Rural 
readers will readily recognize,) we have to say 
that the gallant knight did survive the terrible 
encounter, and at last accounts was doing “ as 
well as could be expected." It is reported 
that the bachelor-knight Is convalescing rapidly 
under the smiles of the “ lady* faire " who in¬ 
spired his gallant achievement. As to the Sec¬ 
retaries of other State Agricultural Societies, 
we think no one has had such distinguished 
honor conferred upon him, though some we 
wot of are sufficiently dark to be called be¬ 
nighted. 
--«♦» 
M/nrge anil Small Farms.—"By the censifs Of 
1870 the farms of the United States are divided 
.as to size as follows, the whole number being 
2,059,085: 
Under five ncres. «,875 
Five acres and under ten.172.021 
Ton acres aud under twenty... .301,007 
Twenty ncres and under fifty.847,614 
Fift y acres and under one hundred.754,221 
One'l)undred ncres nnd under five hundred....506,0'4 
Five hundred acres and under one thousand... 15,R73 
One thousand acres and over.-... 3.720 i 
Average size of farms, acrcB.. 153 
Twelve of tbe States have farms that average 
less than 125 acres in extent, which la less than 
the average elsewhere, which In some States 
runs up nearly to an average of 500 acres. These ( 
twelve States give the following as the average 
size of their farms: « 
Maine. 98 New Jersey. 08 
New Hampshire.122 Pennsylvania.103 
Massachusetts.,.. .103 Indiana.... 112 ! 
R lode Inland........... Ot Ohio.Ill 
Connecticut. 93 Michigan. 101 > 
bi. w York.1113 Wisconsin.,...1U < 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
A Million of Subscribe™.— “Your ltURAL 
ought to have a million subscribers," ejaculated 
a friend the other day. “ For," he continued, 
“it la the best paper for its price in the uni¬ 
verse, and all who read and heed its teachings 
must be better and richer. But how you can 
give so much for so little money Is a conun¬ 
drum which 1 can’t solve. The idea of giving n 
weekly paper with over a dozen distinct de¬ 
partments on important and useful subjects, 
with line engravings, a whole year, postage paid, 
for only $2.65, is amazing; and why everybody 
who is anybody, especially In the country, don’t 
subscribe is what 1 don’t understand.” We 
took our friend by the button-hole long enough 
to reply in this wise :— 1 “ Admitting your prem¬ 
ises as to merits to be correct, permit us to say 
that, in this age of books and newspapers, It is 
difficult to reach the attention of a million for 
any one periodical, howevor good and valuable 
it may be. But (and here we were a little con¬ 
fidential) we have a plan to reach toward that 
million next year—yon know everybody is going 
to be rich in the future. We propose to offer 
all who form clubs such inducements in the 
way of Premiums that they will be constrained 
to give the Old Rural a good send-off lor the 
Centennial Anniversary ; and beside (speakipg 
louder) we will have the ‘cheek’ to repeat, what 
you say about the paper, and, more cheeky 
still, ask them to reiterate tbe same to all their 
friends and acquaintances, who ought to be 
numbered among the expeuted or wlshed-for 
million of subscribers.” “ That’s right," said 
While the total value of the farms in the 
United States is put down at $9,282,803,301, the 
value in thcifibove small-farm States foots up 
$5,407,587,170. or nearly three-fifths of the total, 
and this, too, while the area of the Stales Is 
less than one-tenth of the area of the whole 
country. No more exclusive exhibit of the 
practical superiority of the small-farm system 
could be given than this. 
-hi- 
Oih* Trial Trip—Agents, and all friends of 
the Rural, can greatly extend Its circulation 
by inducing tbeir neighbors to send 50 cents for 
the paper from October to January. The thir¬ 
teen numbers thus Introduced will give fami¬ 
lies such a taste of its qualities as to mako the 
Rural indispensable, and prepare the way for 
larger accessions fur the full year in December 
and January. Try for triala now, and the labor 
of forming clubs w ill be greatly lessened and 
its success Increased. Speak to your neighbors 
at once, and if you wish to give them specimen 
copies send their names, and the copies will be 
duly forwarded. The best way to canvass is to 
show the Rural, and it is this which makes 
the Trial Trip so good an introduction for a 
full year's subscription. 
Eat Grape*.—The Watertown Reformer has a 
text which is as good as a sermon on this sub¬ 
ject, that It exhausts as follows “There is no 
more nutritious or healthy fruit. Eat grapes. 
The Cfctawbas are the finest and the latest; it is 
too early for them. The Clinton and Delaware 
are among the heat of the early varieties. Eat 
grapes. What a delicate, aromatic flavor they 
have, and what a delight, to palate and soul is 
the taste of their pulpy julciuess. Eat grapes. 
The grape, my friends—but the sermon we were 
about too preach would bo too long. Eat 
grapes." To all which we need only add the 
“ application,” or moral, as it might be called, 
—Plant grape vines. 
■-- 
New Use for Millet Seed.—The Germantown 
Telegraph, quoting Dr. Boring in favor of mil¬ 
let. as feed for milch cows, suggests that it may 
be grown “Not for stock but for the superior 
animal, in supplying us with all the reed-birds 
we could consume. Thia bird is extremely fond 
of millet seed, and really prefers It to that of 
the tnnrsh reed. We have seen hundreds In a 
field of a couple of acres. We suggest this to 
farmers, as we did years ago, who have plenty 
of land and have a taste for a toothsome dish 
of rare excellence. We know of one man who 
followed Our suggestion some years ago, and ho 
Informed us that he shot every morning all the 
birds he needed for the day for himself and 
friends.” 
The Fever Tree in Italy.—Gen. GARIBALDI 
is by no means a dreamer or enthusiast, as many 
might suppose from his political record. In 
practical matters ho has something of the wis¬ 
dom which «o distinguished our own Doctor 
Franklin. The latest evidence of this is his 
movement to Introduce the California fever 
tree (Eueali/ptus Globulus) Into Italy. It will 
undoubtedly do well In the latitude of Italy, 
and by its use possibly the old Roman Cam- 
pagna—once tbe richest part of Italy, but so 
long uninhabitable—may be again opened to 
culture and civilization. 
FUli Culture. The University of Vlrginiahos 
had a hatching house erected on Its grounds by 
the Comuilsaton of Fisheries of that State, and 
tUb culture is to be Included in its course of In¬ 
structions. Mr. Fred Mather of the U. 8. Fish 
Commission has been engaged to superintend 
the work of hatching the salmon and trout, 
this season. Mr. Mather's long experience in 
fish oulturo, especially at his Trout Farm in 
Honeoye Falls, N. V., renders him amply quali¬ 
fied for tbe position. 
RURAL BREVITIES. 
The number of sheep imported into Kansas 
was never so great as now. Hundreds of sheep 
farms are being established. 
A. Hanoe & Son, Nursery-men and Florists, 
Red Bank, N. J., send ua their Semi-Annual 
Trade List for present A uturnn. 
More fall wheat will bo sown in Kansas this 
season than ever before. Tbe acreage will ex¬ 
ceed that of last year fully 25 per cent, 
Gould Bros, of the Monroe Co. Nurseries, 
Rochester, N. Y., have Issued a handsome 
Wholesale Catalogue or Trade List, for the 
Autumn of 1875. 
The broom corn crop of thecountry has been 
reduced twenty to tnifty per cent, by bad 
weather anil early frosts. In the Connecticut 
Valley the crop la good. 
John Haul, Nurseryman and Seedsmau, 
Washington, D. C., sends us his large and com¬ 
plete Wholesale Catalogue of Trees, Shrubs, 
Plants for the Autumn of 1875 and Spring of 
1876. 
The Bailey Wringing Machine Co., of 100 
Chambers 8t„ New York, have sent us a very 
handsome little chrome relating to their busi¬ 
ness, which they offer to seud lreo to all who 
apply for it. 
T. M. it.—Red-top makes a very good perma¬ 
nent pasture. If. however, tho soil is only mod¬ 
erately fertile, would it not be better to enrich 
with manure ami possibly one or two crops of 
clover before seeding permanently ? 
Tile Short-Horn cow, sixteenth Duchess of 
Airdrie, recently purchased by Mr. h-H. Che¬ 
ney of England irom A. J. Alexander for 
$18,000 gold, died a t ?w days since. Her young 
calf had been sold for $12,000. 
The farm of WASHINGTON Skinner of Macon 
Co., 111., was recently sold at $67.50 per acre ; it 
contained 320 acres, and brougnt $21,000. Mr. 
Skinner entered a large portion ot tnts land 22 
years ago at $1.25 per acre. 
The Vermont Farmer mentions a Jersey heif¬ 
er which had a calf at the tender age of 10^4 
months. Jerseys breed earlier than any other 
variety of cattle, aud the high price of thor¬ 
oughbred Jersey stock encourages this ten- 
deucy. 
Norwegian cows eat the heads of fishes and 
make this part of their winter diet. This item 
is of practical value only as showing iiow great 
Is the power ol the cow to adapt Itself to vary¬ 
ing climates. In this respect the cow is only 
exceeded by mau. 
J. Capps & Son of the Mt. Pulaski (III.) Nurs¬ 
ery, sene us a pamphlet containing a colored 
Illustration of the Alexander Peach, together 
with a description aud various testimonials. 
They claim that it Is the "earliest and best 
early peach in the world.” 
Among tbe genial exhibitors at the recent 
New York State Fair was our ’’ Scaley ” friend, 
Gen. Jones ot Binghamton. He not only made 
a show of scales, but no Inconsiderable one of 
himself, especially while weighing the rosy- 
checked losses of the Southern Tier. 
Lincs W. Miller of Stockton, Chautauqua 
Co., N. Y.. is prepared to deliver a leotare the 
i-omtng winter ou “ U-emlnisoences ol the 
Canadian Rebellion and Treatment ot the State 
Prisoners." Mr. Miller te quite well known In 
the Agricultural World ao author ot a new 
systein of wintering cattle on meal alone. He 
is an able auu fluent speaker, and no doubt his 
“ Reminiscences ” will prove Interesting. 
BUSINESS IfOTlUBS. 
IT TAKES 
but one trial to show the purity and merit of Dob¬ 
bins’ Electric Soao (made by Cragln & Co., Philadel¬ 
phia. Pa.) For your own interest give it that one 
trial. All grocers keep it. 
