08T. 80 
©ORE’S RURAL WEW-YORKER. 
283 
WHAT AILS THE COWS. 
My cow Las had a swelled bag. When 
milked, instead of milk we get a bloody- 
fluid, The first cow was taken, and the 
milker, a negro, said she was sucked by a 
snake. I put them in another pasture that 
joined the one I took them out of. In about 
ten days the cow was relieved, and another 
was affected the same way, only seemed to 
be worse if possible. This caused me to con¬ 
clude the negro was wrong about the snake. 
The teats of the cows Have some small spots 
on them and the whole bag very much swol¬ 
len. It does not effect her general health, 
nor can I see any cause to produce such an 
affection. Can you, or your readers, give the 
cause and a remedy j—R. Sacneras, Danntt- 
vill», Fa. 
Remarks.—A very frequent cause of 
swelled teats and bloody milk is injury to the 
udder from some external violence, in conse¬ 
quence of which some of the blood vessels of 
the mammae are ruptured. The veln9 of the 
mammaee are very numerous, It being neces¬ 
sary that every facility should be given for 
the return into the system of the blood which 
has not beeu appropriated for the secretion 
of milk or for the maintenance of the integ¬ 
rity of the glands. 
The circumflex artery of the ileum sends 
numerous branches to the glands, which 
likewise anastomose with the other vessels. 
The several vessels which come off from 
these trunks penetrate into the substance of 
the mammEB, within which they freely ram¬ 
ify by numerous fissures and sub-divisions. 
Ultimately l»y further splitting up and con¬ 
sequent diminution of their caliber, they 
form vessels bo minute us to be unobservable 
to the naked eye, and which have been desig¬ 
nated capillaries. These are distributed to 
the follicles or ccecal extremities of the lac¬ 
tiferous ducts, upon which they form a min¬ 
ute reie of vessels, and furnish blood, both in 
a suffl eieut quiiutity and also in a condition 
fitted for the secretion of milk, it will be 
seen, then, that the structure of the udder is 
very delicate, and that even a slight bruise 
on this organ would be likely to break a 
blood vessel, causing the flow of bloody milk, 
and in addition, Inflammation and swelling 
of the parts. 
We have had cows, during the “flush of 
milk,” bruise the udder so as to give bloody 
milk simply from lying down on uneven 
ground, but the more prolific cause of injury 
to the udder has beeu from a kick, a stroke 
of a stick, or cast of a stone from those hav¬ 
ing the charge of the stock 
The suake story, of course, is all nonsense. 
Cows sometimes injure their udders by being 
driven rapidly over fences or through bar- 
ways, the bars partly let down, or, indeed, 
over any obstacle will 'll coming against the 
udder gives it a smart blow. We strongly 
suspect that either one or the other of the 
things named is cause of the trnuble. We 
should hardly think, from the description 
given, that it is a case of garget, but If symp¬ 
toms of such appear, a tea-spoon of saltpeter 
once a week is good, a table-spoonful of sul¬ 
phur may also be given to each cow twice a 
week, to cleanse the blood of any impurities 
that may be lying in the system, and which 
are liable to settle upon different organs, 
causing garget. It is important iu all cases 
of the inflammation of the udder, that the 
milk be drawn as clean, or thoroughly as 
possible, at least two or three times a day. if 
the udder is tender the milking should be 
done with extreme gentleness, care being 
taken not to give the cow unnecessary pain 
or uneasines \ 
NEW APPLIANCES FOR COOLING AND 
AERATING MILK. 
Chautauqua County lias become some¬ 
what noted for the excellence of its dairy 
products, and, as might be expected, consid¬ 
erable attention is being paid to the produc¬ 
tion and care of milk, so that it shall be 
sound and in good order for manufacturing. 
At the Chautauqua Co. Fair, recently held 
at Jamestown, N. Y., we noticed two milk 
coolers lately brought out by Chautauqua 
County inventors, which deserve notice. 
The one invented by Smith Spencer of 
Kiantone, N. Y., consists of a pail with per¬ 
forated bottom for straining the milk, This 
is raised about four feet high, and sets lu an 
iron ring supported by four wooden legs. 
Under ikls “ strainer-pal! ” there is a large 
tunnel resting upon a cooler-pail, 12 inches 
long by 12 inches in diameter, and holding 
about 17 quarts. The cooler-pail of this is 
surrounded with wood, with 3pace between 
the two for the reception of water. As fast 
a! the milk is drawn from the cow it is passed 
through the strainer-pail, the perforated bot¬ 
tom of which throws It into numerous small 
streams, which fall in spray upon the tunnel, 
and from them the milk is conveyed to the 
pail. The milk as it descends in spray to the 
tunnel is aerated, and by having water be¬ 
tween the wooden and tin pails beneath it 
can be cooled, to some extent, before its re¬ 
moval to the dairy. When the cooler-pall 
is filled it is lifted out and carried to the milk 
room, its place being supplied with another 
cooler-pail, and so on until the milking 
is completed. Hr. Spencer claims that by 
this arrangement there is a saving of labor 
in handling the milk, while its aeration im¬ 
proves Its flavor, and, therefore, secures a 
better quality of butter. 
The other invention is by Mr. P. F. Lewis, 
Frewsburg, N. Y., and consists of a strainer- 
pail, the bot tom perforated only on the outer 
edge. This is placed on a cone shaped ves¬ 
sel of tin, which is filled with water and ice. 
The rnillc ns it passes through the. hole on the 
outer edge of the strainer-pail, falls iu little 
streams on the cool surface of the t in cone 
filled with ico water, and is collected at the 
bottom in a reservoir a: d conveyed directly 
to the vat or large pan used for setting the 
miJk, The apparatus is made to set on the 
vat, or on a bench or stool, as may bo de¬ 
sired, The cone shaped vessel is then filled 
with water and ice, and the pail with perfo¬ 
rated bottom is placed on the top of this and 
the milk strained into it. 
Both of these are simple, cheap and useful 
inventions for the preservation of milk, and 
we notice them to keep our readers informed 
as to new appliances of the dairy. 
--- 
SCALDING THE MILK. 
Editor of Rural New-Yorker Dear 
Sir, I noticed in your issue of Sept, 35th, an 
account of M \ Arnold s ill success in heat¬ 
ing milk at Elgin, iu June last. The failure, 
I am apprehensive, was wholly owing to in¬ 
sufficient heat, ioO" will not do. Let him 
raise the heat to near boiling point, not quite, 
and I think he will secure better results. 
We have been in the habit or heating milk 
for family use for more than thirty years, 
and know that merely warming milk, say to 
ISO”, does more hurt than good; but tuor- 
I oughly raiding it doubles Its keeping quali¬ 
ties, adds* a trifle to the amount of cream, 
and iu no way injures cither for our purpose. 
1 should think our scientific men would read¬ 
ily understand, that to neutralize the effect 
of the bad pustules contained (in milk, they 
must be, in a measure, rooked , which kills 
them ; whereas a low heat increase their 
activity.—E. Z. Stowe, l 'Unton, Ilia., Oct. 
*lh, 1875. 
Remarks,—M r. Aunolo did not claim that 
good milk was improved by heating, but 
rather, that imperfect milk was greatly ben- 
eflt ted by rai-iug it to a temperature of 130 a . 
The heating of milk to near the scalding 
point in butter making is no new tiling. It 
has been practiced by the Devonshire Dairy¬ 
men for the last hundred years. We gave 
an account of the Devonshire process of heat¬ 
ing milk nine years ugo, ou our return from 
an examination of European dairies. We 
were in some of the best dairies iu Devon¬ 
shire, and saw the process of butter manu¬ 
facture in all its details. The heating to near 
the scaldiug poiut is one of the leading char¬ 
acteristics of the Devonshire plan. The mis¬ 
take which Mr. Arnold made was that he 
taught a doctrine about milk which he was 
not able to prove when the Elgin people 
called him to make a practical test of his 
theory, Such failures «re unfortunate, be¬ 
cause they weaken the confidence ot the 
dairy public in the records of carefully con¬ 
ducted genuine in* estigations. 
-*-M- 
DEVONS AS BUTTER COWS. 
Gov. Hye stated last winter at the Ver¬ 
mont Dairymens’ Association, that one of 
hi&Devon cows, “Gem,” (154) made 13fi 1-lfi 
pounds of bo tier in sixty days. Her feed 
during IhiH time was two quarts of corn 
meal per day and the ordinary pasuirc. 
He mentioned several oilier instances of 
remarkable butter yields from Devon cows, 
among others, “Beauty” (25), which, in 
ninety-five days, from August to October, 
made l'J4 15-10 pouuds of butter. He knew 
of a Devon breeder who could produce a 
pound oi butler from five quarts ot milk. 
He (Gov. Hye) believed strongly in tfie 
Devon bretajg as dairy cow*, and he referred 
to an instance in England, some yearn siuce, 
where Mr. Bloomfield proposed to milk 
forty cows of Devon breed against forty 
cows of any other breed owned by any oue 
man, and found no competitors, 
Recently at, the Oueoniu Fair, Otsego Co., 
N. Y., wa saw several butter dairymen 
whose herds were composed of Devons and 
Devon grades, und tfi.s kind of stock was 
highly esteemed for butter dairyiug in that 
locality One dairyman said he found no 
cows that would compare with the Devons 
for hardiness and lur climbing rough, hilly 
lauds, and that would yield <<j much rich 
milk from uneven, broken pastures. When 
their work was done in the dairy they were 
easily turned into beef, as they fattened rap¬ 
idly and made a good quality of meat. 
®Ii? g^dsmira. 
THE SUSSEX BBE7D OF CATTLE. 
England has within itu narrow bounda¬ 
ries many distinct and valuable breeds of 
cattle, which have been bred pure lor many 
years, and each of which is adapted to its 
peculiar location. It is a curious fact that 
so many breeds could exist within a narrow 
compass, and previous to the studied efforts 
at improvement, which are comparatively 
recent, it shows how little intercourse the 
farmers of different sections had with each 
other. Otherwise, unless the greatest care 
had been taken intermixture would have 
occured to make all purity of blood impos¬ 
sible. Among these breeds less known in 
this country is the Sussex, some of which 
were exhibited at the Corydon (Eng.) Fair, 
and are thus described by the Londou Agri¬ 
cultural Gazette. 
“ Huge red beasts these are, heavily fleshed, 
upon large frames, with no deviations many 
havo from the red color, except as to the tip 
of the tail, which was generally white. 
These seem likely to be the red breed of the 
future, at all events for dry counties. Then- 
hair was generally harsh, and their skins 
thick. There can be no question that these 
animals can face wind and flies, and main¬ 
tain themselves in condition with ordinary 
treatment. It is not probable that any In¬ 
truder will drive these out of the district 
which they now hold. Their size, for uge, is 
of the largest, whether us calves or year¬ 
lings ; indeed, such big calves were not to be 
found in any other classes. That the breed 
will stand wet, or forage for themselves up¬ 
on hill pasture, cannot be foretold ; but that 
in the eastern side of England, especially 
where oxen are worked—and it seems prob¬ 
able that work-oxen will become once more 
common—no breed has more useful qualifi¬ 
cations. 
That they are a cross, and have Devon and 
Short-Horn blood, seems certain. Possibly 
this cross is the reason of their great growth 
and stature, It may be that the introduc 
tiou of fresh blood took place beyond the 
period of the recollection of their present 
owners. Yet there are sure and certain 
signs that some herds have more Teoswator, 
and some more Devon affinities; but all 
have also a “ tertlmn quid ” belonging to an¬ 
other stock, which mukes this a distinct 
breed now, whatever it may have been once. 
Happily they are not “ fancy stock ” as yet. 
it is to lie hoped that breeders will retist 
lustily any attempt to convert them into ri¬ 
vals of parrots and lapdogs, and white ele¬ 
phants. 
In the elass for old bulls eleven appeared ; 
and of these, six were not much over two, 
ftud uouo much over three years old. It is 
probable, therefore, that the public has not 
yet seen the stature this breed can attain at 
full growth. The cows would iudicate that 
enormous steers can bo raised from them. 
Nearly one hundred animals were shown in 
the classe». No other breed had such num¬ 
bers, nor did any sheds hold so many lookers 
on as did those occupied by' the Sussex 
breed I” 
In another account wo are informed that 
the Sussex breed of' cattle is as pure as any 
breed in the kingdom, and it possesses great 
merit iu the cuse of annuals that are well 
bred. There is, however, a wonderfully 
wild strain of blood iu these interesting ani¬ 
mals. They are excitable. The cows love 
their young with such extravagant affection 
as to kill them sometimes in their pussion ; 
and the stockman, whose kind offices would 
bo appreciated by cows of another breed af¬ 
ter their confinement, are often put to flight, 
or hoisted by horns which obey an extraor¬ 
dinary instinct that teems to run iu the 
blood, and can only be got rid of by select¬ 
ing animals of a more docile temper, 
It is possible that these strong, large and 
wild cattle may he better adapted to the 
western and Texas plains, and for rough life 
iu winter than the carefully-nurtured and 
well-fed Short-Horn, which seems to be the 
finest type of animal for farmers and stock¬ 
men who can and do give their herds care¬ 
ful attention, 
- ♦ ♦♦- 
NEV7 SCALE OF POINTS FOR JERSEYS. 
The American Jersey Cattle Club have 
made an improvement on the scaie for Jer¬ 
seys and iu their circular issued May 13th, 
1S75, and uow promulgated as the Club 
standard, they give the appended scale 
of points. The fundamental points de¬ 
scribed in the scale promulgated by the 
American Jersey Cattle Club apply us well 
to good milkers of other breeds as to Jer¬ 
seys. 
_ . SCALE OF POINTS FOR COWS. 
Points. Counts. 
1. Head emu]], lean and rather long. .... i 
2. Face dished, broad between the eyes, and nar¬ 
row between the horns., " 1 
3. Muzzle dark, and encircled by o'fight’color”! l 
4. Eyes (till and placid . . l 
5. Horns small, crnntpled, and amber color.3 
<>• Ears small and tldn. . .. 1 
7. Neck straight, thin, rather Ion*,"with‘clean 
„ throat, and not heavy ut the shoulders.4 
b. Shoulders -lopinc and lean; withers thin: 
breast neither deficient nor berl'y... 3 
Back level to thr setting on of tail, und broad 
across the lo.u. I 
10. Barrel, hooped, broad and deep at tho'flank!!! 8 
11. uip« wide apart, and line in the bone; rump 
long .tiul broad.,... ,1 
12. Thighs long, thin, and wide apart, with legs 
... , 'landing siitin e. and not to cross In walking 4 
Id. Legs short, small below the knees, with small 
1100145... .. ._ u ^ 2 
14. Tail Quo. reachins the’lioeks. with good switch 8 
it. Hide thin and mellow, with tine, soft hair. 4 
lti. Color of bide where the hair 1*. white, on udder 
and inside of care, yellow. , 5 
17. Fore-udder tufi i u form, and rnnninv w'efi for¬ 
ward ... g 
ffuid-udder i'nfi in fbim, and well up behind.! 8 
l.b Udder tree from long hair, and not fleshy. 5 
„0. lean, rather large, wide apart, and squarely 
placed... H ' „ 
21. Mflk*veln» prominent. . 
22. Escutcheon high and broad, and Hindu thighs 8 
23. Disposition quiet and good natured 8 
v-t. General appearance, rather bony linin'fleshy!.' 0 
Perfection..... 
Iu judging heifers, omit Nos. 17,18,Jw and 21. 
The same scale of points shall be used lu 
judging bulls, omitting Nos. 17, IS, ID, 20 and 
21, and making moderate allowance for mas¬ 
culinity. 
Note.—I t H recommended that judges at 
fairs do not award prizes to animals falling 
below the following minimum standard, viz.: 
cows, 70 counts; heifers, 53 counts ; bulls, 
50 counts. 
SHEEP DID IT. 
A Maryland farmer who has lately visit¬ 
ed some of the best sheep farms In England 
makes the following statement in tho Amer¬ 
ican Farmer : 
“Within the last 15 months 48 ewes be¬ 
longing to the estate of Aston Row ant have 
produced 255 lambs, all of which are still 
living, or havo been sold fat. Forty-four 
have each had three pairs,und most of them in 
less than 14 months. Two ewes brought 
sovcu lambs each viz.: two days before 
Christmas, 1812; two in June, 1873, and 
three iu January, 1374. Oue ewe pioduced 
eight Iambs within 14 months and two ol' 
tne lambs were sold for £3 at Easter. Yes¬ 
terday tho same ewo had four lambs, all of 
which are strong and healthy ; the mother 
Is doing well and In good condition. Twenty- 
one of the above ewes uro Dorset, and 
twenty-seven are either Hampshire downs 
or half breeds.” 
T ho above is taken from the farm record 
of the estate under the management of T. 8. 
Jackson. The American viator concludes 
his report in these words ; 
“ Tho estate of Aston Rowanb, it should 
be remarked, Is uot one that is carried on for 
mere profit. The lawn, shrubbery, conserva¬ 
tories and plantations generally exhibit the 
exquisite beauty with which wealth and 
taste adorn so many places iu England. Re¬ 
garding them with intense gratification, and 
thinking oi the Immense amount of money 
required to keep up this display, I said to 
my worthy and Intelligent guide, I should 
like very much to know the pecuniary 
results of this style of farming in your 
country.’ He replied, ‘ A> you live in Ameri¬ 
ca, I will tell yon what I do not speak in the 
neighborhood—my balance sheet for last 
year shows u clear profit of £1,800 (§9,000),’ 
and he ompathatically added, ‘Sheep did 
it! ’ ” 
- « « ♦ -- - 
COTSWOLD SHEEP. 
With increasing interest in flue stock and 
sheep raising we are often asked what breed 
is best adapted to Western farmers. That 
depends upon circumstances; whether in 
large or small flocks, and whether for mutton 
or wool as specialties j but for Lhe general 
farmer, in small flocks less than one hundred, 
where mutton and wool are desirable, the 
Cotswold is the most desirable breed. The 
tine long combing wool is obtained in a good, 
heavy fleece, and they ure of good size for 
mutton, and ruuture quite early. 
For wool alone, In largo flocks, the Merinos 
are better, and for luutcou alone the South- 
downs will be more profitable. 
Cotswolds, to be profitable, must have good 
care aiul shelter, us they are not »o hardy as 
the fine wools, But fittje corn should be 
ted, with plenty ot hay and turnips, or root 3 
of any kind to keep imm healthy aud. thriv¬ 
ing in winter, while in summer they are al¬ 
ways In good order ou gru:s.—The Cotswold s 
make a good cross with Lhe Merino, or evou 
with common sheep.— Western Agricultur¬ 
ist. 
