contact with the air, chemical changes are 
set up that make, it injurious. 
“ When the milk is taken from the cow I 
strain it into my cans, put the lid on tight 
and reduce the temperature to 40° Fahr., 
which arrests all change or decomposition. 
My butter made this way sells at top prices 
in Louisville,” 
Again he remarks; “The point I claim 
above all others for my system is its sim¬ 
plicity. For instance, my butter is furnished 
to private families at from 10 cents to 20 
cents above market rates of best butter. A 
negro boy makes it, who never made a pound 
of butter in his life, until I put him at it. I 
am constantly away from homo for weeks, 
and find no change in the quality of my but¬ 
ter. The only point to watch is to keep ice 
in the box. This boy can not make butter 
that 1 would eat if made the old fashioned 
way, So far 1 have only mot the best hotter 
makers, and defeated them. Of course, I 
have no trouble in beating people who re¬ 
quire over 23 pounds of milk to make a pound 
of butter, and I fear the world is full of 
them. 
“The improvement on the Swedish sys¬ 
tem is this, it requires about three times as 
pr: , much ieo to cool down a cer- 
tain cube of water as it does to 
fj oi ~ jj c0 °' down the same cube of 
w-ait*—water being so much more 
I dense than air 
REMEDY FOR WORMS IN HORSES 
Two correspondents of the Maine Farmer 
furnish that paper with two valuable reme¬ 
dies for worms in horses. 
1 have found linseed meal the best thing I 
have ever used. Give from a pint to ft quart 
for a few days, then a less quantity will do. 
I usually give this in shorts, meal or oats 
mixed with boiling water, and a little salt 
put In every day. Ill some cases a few doses 
of sour apples without anything else, will 
remove worms. I like remedies that are 
easily given. The meal is a good feed for 
horses in small quantities, if they are not 
troubled with worms. 
Another Remedy .—Give the horse in shorts 
or corn and cob meal, wet up, a heaping 
tablespoon fill of air slaked lime, about three 
times a week ; and grease the anus or orifice 
of the rectum morning and night. Continue 
this course for three weeks and your colt 
will have no more pin worms. 
SOMETHING NEW IN BUTTER MAKING, 
IMPROVEMENT OF DRAFT HORSES, 
In our “ Practical Butter Book,” recently 
issued from the Rural office, will be found 
a description of the Swedish process of but¬ 
ter making, or where the milk is reduced to 
a low temperature by being set in ice water. 
Mr. S. ft. Hardin of Louisville, Ky., thinks 
he has improved upon this process, and he 
claims to have had eminent success with his 
apparatus, making more and better butter 
than by other processes, and this has been 
done where competing tests have been made 
with him ; the other processes being con¬ 
ducted by distinguished butter makers, who 
were well supplied with appliances for con¬ 
ducting operations in the best manner. 
We have letters from Mr. Hardin, giving 
a description of his process and the appar¬ 
atus used, and we condense from these so 
much as will give our readers some idea of 
what Mr. Hardin claims as his improvement. 
He says, in regard to the appliance for set¬ 
ting milk, as follows: “My boxes are made 
after the manner of refrigerators, holding 
six 4 gallon turns, each twenty inches long 
and eight inches wide, with ten inches space 
for ice at the top of the box, while four 
inches of ice water stands in the bottom. 
The milk is strained directly from the iuiik- 
ing buckets into the deep cans, and tight lids 
are put on the cans, which are then placed 
in the box and the temperature reduced to 
about 40 ? Fahr., and held at that tempera¬ 
ture for 4S hours. The cream is removed 
with a dipper, allowed to get sharply sour, 
and cooled down to 58° Fahr. and then 
churned.” 
The accompanying cut will, perhaps, give 
a clearer idea of the apparatus referred to— 
Fig. 1 is til* refrigerator box, and Fig. iJ the 
milk bucket, or can. 
Referring to tests that have been made 
with this apparatus, as compared with other 
processes tried at the same time, ho. says ; 
“My lfrst experiments were with EastBURW 
Reader of Philadelphia, both of us using the 
milk of Jerseys, ho setting the milk shallow, 
and taking nineteen utid a fraction pounds 
of milk to make a pound of butter, while l, 
with the refrigerator and deep cans, obtained 
a pound of butter from seventeen pounds of 
the same milk.” 
Again he says : “The Western New \oik 
Dairymen’s Association were investigating 
the subject of deep and shallow setting, and 
sent for me to conduct the deep side of the 
question. Upon my arrival in Chautauqua 
Co., Martin Bailev andO. C. Blodget, two 
of the most experienced butter makers in the 
County, were chosen as my opponents. We 
divided the evening’s milk (185 pounds,) and 
I made a fraction of butter more than they, 
(21 51-100 against 21 58-100, being the quanti¬ 
ty of miik required respectively for a pound 
of butter by the two methods). Mr. Blod¬ 
get agreed with me that the butter uiadeby 
me was the best, and he (Blodget) writes 
me that Mr. Baily is coming of the opinion 
that your (Hardin’s/ way will make longest 
keeping butter.” 
The Live Stock Journal speaks as follows 
of this subject, which is of especial interest 
to American Farmers : 
The importation of the best specimens of 
the draft horse to this country from Europe 
goes on apace, and wo shall soon bo in posi¬ 
tion to challenge the world in the quality of 
our draft stock, as we already are in our 
roadsters and running horses. This importa¬ 
tion of the draft breeds is comparatively a 
new enterprise, but is rapidly making itself 
felt in the superior quality of t he truck and 
dray horses seen upon the streets of our prin¬ 
cipal cities. Very early in the history of the 
American colonies the importation of the 
best racing blood of England was com¬ 
menced, and it has been kept up to the pres¬ 
ent time, so that there is but little difference 
in quality of the racing stock of the two 
countries at the present day ; but our draft 
stock has been permitted mainly to take cure 
of itself until within the lost twenty five 
years. Since that time there has been a con¬ 
stantly increasing demaud for the best blood 
of foreign countries, and Importations of the 
choicest specimens of the draft horse from 
England, fteotland and France have been 
numerous, those from the latter country 
having taken the lead in point of numbers, 
especially in the Western States. W o do not 
propose to enter into a discussion as to the 
comparative merits of these breeds. All 
have crossed kindly with our native mares, 
and all have marked substantial improve¬ 
ment, at least in the size of our draft stock, 
and some of the very bc*Bt results have been 
attained by the commingling of the blood 
of two or more of these imported strains. 
We do not join in the notion advocated by 
many that a horse can be bred that will 
Combine all the desirable qualities. In other 
words, we think the horse-of-all-work is a 
myth that cannot be realised. The general 
farmer wants a horse that, combines a good 
degree Of both action and weight, but the 
horse that suits luui is nob the heavy draft 
horse that is required in the trucks and drays 
of our cities, the demand for which is at 
present very imperfectly supplied. On the 
other hand there has always been, and al¬ 
ways will be, an active demand for fast road 
horses, too light for general farm work, and 
with speed, style, docility and endurance as 
the qualities principally sought after. Each 
or these types it will pay to breed, just as it 
pays to raise the various kinds of grain, bat 
if all the resources of our country were 
directed toward producing wheat to the 
neglect of other grains wo should very soon 
find the market overstocked and the busi¬ 
ness unprofitable. And so if everybody 
catches the draft-horse fever we shall, after 
a while, have an over-supply of heavy horses 
and prices will go down. There is room for 
all, and a steady demand at good prices for 
good specimens of each type of horse, and 
breeders of the best of any breed need have 
no fears of a serious decline in price. 
HOW TO FEED A HORSE 
As a general rule, too much food is given 
aud too much of this is hay. Ten pounds of 
hay and twelve pounds of oats constitute a 
good day's fodder lor a working horse, 
whether the work be fast, or glow. Herbert’s 
advice in regard to feeding horses, is to give 
a lock of hay and half a pail of water the 
0rst thing in the morning. After grooming, 
give the other balf-pail of water, and, if he 
is not going out, four quarts of oats, after 
eating which he may have four or five pounds 
of hay. If going out early, feed six quarts of 
oats and no hay. If to be put to work in the 
afternoon, they should be again watered aud 
have four quarts of oats and the remainder 
of their hay. Half a bushel of washed car¬ 
rots a week, given at a time, will Improve 
the coat and be beneficial to the stomach. 
Tills feeding is ample to keep horses in good 
working order.— Vt. Chronicle. 
so that my sys- 
U tem is a great economiser of ice 
over the .Swedish system.” 
B.—Bucket, 20 x 8 inches, with 
lid fitting on outside so as to 
shed the water that falls on it. 
F.—False bottom, with holes 
to let the ice water pass under 
Fig. 2. the bucket. 
We were the first, we believe, to call at¬ 
tention to the Swedish system of butter 
making in this country, and if Mr. Hardin 
has an improvement, by which the system 
can be more economically conducted, we are 
glad to present it to our readers. In conclu¬ 
sion, we may remark that not having had 
opportunity to test Mr. Hardin’s apparatus 
wo can not speak of its merits or defects. 
Perhaps some of our butter dairymen may 
get some useful suggestions from what wo 
have written, and will experiment in this 
direction. 
DANGER TO THE HOG CROP 
The Prairie Farmer says :—“ We remem¬ 
ber no season in which the ravages by what 
is known ns hog cholera have been so ex- 
tended or so fatal in the Western States a 3 
in this year of 1875. Tho fatality among 
swine over a largo portion of country is 
positively discouraging to the growers of 
pork. No man can consider his herd safe 
from entire destruction within a few days of 
the first appearance of the malady. 
“ So far there has been no extended or 
thorough investigation into the causes of tho 
disease, nor any intelligently conducted nor 
thorough method for its cure adopted. Just 
why it appears upon one farm and not upon 
another to all appearances precisely the same 
as to soil, humidity and culture, and on 
which a similarity in feed and care prevails, 
the stock being of the same brood, is a mys¬ 
tery remaining to bo solved. 
“True, the country has been swarming 
with quack nostrums for the certain cure of 
hog cholera, and many intelligent farmers 
have thought that by proper management of 
the feed, judicious care and tho administer¬ 
ing of a few common alteratives they have 
escaped the affliction ; but yet the fact re¬ 
mains, as above stated, that there lias been 
no sucli grouping of facts or experiments 
regarding hog cholera as to furnish a basis 
for a rational theory as to its cause, or for a 
rational course of treatment for its preven¬ 
tion or cure. 
“ In times past we have frequently called 
the attention of the Illinois fttate Agricul¬ 
tural Society to the importance of an effort 
on its part to institute a proper investigation 
into tho mutter, aud the importance of a 
State appropriation Cor the purpose. But 
the Society felt little like going out of its 
regular working grooves, aud tho legislators 
were more interested in ring bills and local 
legislation for selfish purposes than in the 
general public good, and nothing has been 
done, is it not about time that some one of 
our States set itself at work to thoroughly 
investigate this scourge to one of its most 
impoitant interests and give to the people 
the benefit of an exhaustive report i Nothing 
can be expected from the Department t£ 
Agriculture at Washington, for it has a hard 
time enough to get sufficient money to me 
its daily expenses. Congress will be * * It® 
tbc grunts of our porkers while the * 'Miogz 
of the lobbyist arc heard in the land. Can¬ 
not we have a Legislature near home that 
can give this domestic animal matter a little 
consideration ?” 
DAIRYING IN BROOME COUNTY, N. Y 
Mr. William Blanding, a well-known 
factory mansger of Broome Co., N. Y., writes 
us under date, of Oct. 2Sth as follows : “ We 
arc arranging to close our factories with the 
present month. With us the season has 
been one of more than ordinary satisfaction. 
Feed has been abundant ; tho weather gen¬ 
erally cool, favoring both quantity aud qual¬ 
ity in the goods manufactured. If prices 
were low earlier in the season, they arc not 
now, and we have heavy shipments of Octo¬ 
ber aud September make on hand, which 
will raise tho average to quite a satisfactory 
point.” 
We are glad to hear so good a report from 
Broomo Co., and could wish that other dairy 
sections of the State were doing as well. 
PREVENTING THE CHURNING OF MILK 
IN THE CAN. 
RUSSIAN HORSES 
The four great breeds of Russian horses 
are the steppe horse, the mountain horse 
of Caucasia, the forest horse of the north, 
and the draught horso, called the Bitjuga. 
The steppe horses arc of various yet kin¬ 
dred descent, and are nil noted in greater 
or less degree for keen sight, swift pace, 
great endurance, and exceeding hardiness. 
They live out of doors the year round, and 
are capable of sustaining extreme changes 
of climate and severe privations of food and 
drink. The Caucasian breeds are generally 
spirited, enduring, cautious, and surefooted. 
The northern horses are distinguished for 
good temper, activity, strength ami endur¬ 
ance. The Bitjuga are extremely strong 
and adapted to hard work as well as quick 
driving, but tho race is said to be nearly ex¬ 
tinct. 
There ore seven Crown studs in Russia, 
and one in Poland, containing altogether, 
2,<502 brood mares and horses, with twelve 
Crown fttables, having 945 stallions. There 
are also 2,441 private studs, containing 0,49(5 
stallions and about 70,000 brood mares, he 
sides upwards of 09,00'J stallions and 152,000 
brood mares in the copach and steppe 
“ tabu res.” Three hundred and eighty horse 
fairs are annually held in Russia, at which 
about 150,000 animals are sold out of about 
263,000 brought to market. Tiie average 
price |ier horse is about 60 roubles, making 
the yearly returns 9,000,1X10 roubles, or 86 - - 
250,000. 
Experiments are being tried to prevent 
“ the churning ” of milk while being trans¬ 
ported to market. The milk can is so con¬ 
structed as to be hermetically scaled. Then, 
when ready for shipment, the air is ex¬ 
hausted, and as much milk forced into the 
can as will bulge it slightly from the force of 
expansion, thus making it like a solid body, 
and leaving the particles of milk no chance 
of “swashing” or undue agitation. Miik 
that undergoes much agitation during its 
transit to market is injured in its keeping 
qualities, while tho churning lias a tendency 
separate a portion, at least, of its buttery 
particles. 
Fig. 1. 
I.—Ice. C C C.— Cans of milk. O.—Over¬ 
flow pipe ; has hood to prevent air from en 
ter in g. 
Again he says: “Last week (Oct. 11th to 
16th) I made an experiment with D. Doug¬ 
las of Beverly, Missouri, he having written 
in Column's Rural World * that he was pre¬ 
pared to prove to anybody that shallow set¬ 
ting was best.’ He has a milk-house costing 
£2,000, and mflks 26 coavs, mostly Jerseys. 
He sells his butter at top prices in St. Louis. 
I made five ounces more butter than he 
(Douglas), we dividing the milk equally. 
Taking that as an average milking he loses 
8102.40 worth of butter per year, and ivhich 
could be saved by rny process. My theory 
against removing the animal heat from milk 
is, that milk taken directly from the cow is 
the purest of all foods, not injuring the stom¬ 
ach of the tenderest young animal; but by 
Milking Stools. —Let me tell how to 
make what I call a convenient stool. Take 
a piece of board about 8 inches wide aud 2 
feet long ; nail short pieces across the ends 
to increase its strength and to bore holes 
through ; put two legs 8 or 10 inches long in 
one end, and one a trifle shorter in the for¬ 
ward end. Place the stool where you intend 
to sit, the one-legged eud where you usually 
set the pail. Place the pall on that end of 
the stool and sit on the other. If 3*011 do 
this 5 ou will have your pail out of the dirt 
and the cow cannot easily put her foot in it, 
as often happens when the pail is ou the 
ground. Borne cows are so Ioav that you are 
obliged to set the pail on the ground. In 
such case turn your stool around,—Farmer’s 
Daughter in Western Rural. 
W-* 
