KNUTSON & GOSLINER: NEW SPECIES OF GTMNODORZS NUDIBRANCHS 
FROM THE PHILIPPINES 
133 
Internal Anatomy.— 
Gland-like structures are present 
at the base of the gill (one speci¬ 
men had 6 of them), which may 
be defensive glands. In the pre¬ 
served material, we were unable 
to locate the white patch that was 
visible in the living specimen. 
Radular morphology'. As is 
typical within Gymnodoris, the 
radula lacks a rachidian row of 
teeth (Fig. 2A). This species has 
very large, broad, inner lateral 
teeth, roughly hook-shaped, with 
very long bases (Fig. 2B). The 
inner lateral teeth are much larg¬ 
er and longer than the rest of the 
teeth. The second inner lateral 
teeth are much shorter in length 
than the first inner laterals (Fig. 
2B). The second inner lateral 
teeth are broad and bicuspid with 
the second cusp smaller than the 
first and situated on the outer 
side of the main cusp. In a couple 
of specimens, a few of the inner 
laterals have the second cusp 
reduced to a small bump. There 
is a notch in the middle of the 
base of the second inner laterals 
as well as the other laterals. The 
mid and outer lateral teeth are 
much narrower than the second 
inner laterals and come to a sharp 
point. The outer laterals are gradually reduced in size approaching the outer margin of the radula. 
In some specimens, the third inner lateral teeth are slightly differentiated from the rest of the outer 
laterals and appear to have a wider base. In one specimen, one side of the radula had third inner 
laterals that were bicuspid, though this is likely a developmental abnormality. The outermost later¬ 
als are straighter in shape and the shortest of all of the teeth (Fig. 2C). The radular formulas of four 
specimens were counted as follows: 17x21.1.1.0.1.1.21 (CASIZ 185966), 19x21.1.1.0.1.1.21 
(CASIZ 185968), 18x20.1.1.0.1.1.20 (CASIZ 185973), 22 x21.1.1.0.1.1.21 (CASIZ 185963). 
Reproductive system'. There are four primary ovotestis follicles, three of which are united pos¬ 
teriorly with a single mass situated anteriorly. A hermaphroditic duct extends from the posterior 
mass of ovotestis follicles and unites with the hermaphroditic duct from the anterior mass (Fig. 3). 
Just anterior to their junction, the hermaphroditic duct widens into the curved ampulla. The ampul¬ 
la then bifurcates into a short oviduct which enters the albumen gland within the female gland 
mass. The second branch widens into the curved prostate, which surrounds the bursa copulatrix and 
Figure 1. Photographs of living animals. A.- B. Gymnodoris brunnea sp. 
nov. C. Gymnodoris tuberculosa sp. nov. CASIZ 191397 D. Gymnodoris 
tuberculosa sp. nov. CASIZ 177268. 
