134 
THE CORAL TRIANGLE: HEARST BIODIVERSITY EXPEDITION 
then narrows into the muscular 
vas deferens. The vas deferens 
consists of several convolutions 
before entering the penis, adja¬ 
cent to the vagina. The uterine 
duct emerges from the female 
glands near the oviduct and 
enters the small pyriform recep- 
taculum seminis. The receptacu- 
lum duct enters the vagina just 
below the large, spherical, thin- 
walled bursa copulatrix. The 
vagina is curved and opens into 
the genital aperture. The albumen 
and membrane glands are small 
and not well differentiated. The 
mucous gland comprises the 
majority of the female gland 
mass. The penis of one specimen 
(CASIZ 185973) was cleared and 
stained (Fig 4A). The penis is 
densely armed with long spines, 
roughly 40 pm length, with a 
base of approximately 11 pm 
width. 
Natural history.— Speci¬ 
mens were collected subtidally in 
3-5 meters depth at night on a 
sandy bottom. Due to their sandy 
habitat, these animals may bur¬ 
row into the sand. 
Discussion. — Although 
some authors place gymnodorids 
that have a linear arrangement of 
gills into a separate genus, 
Analogium, Risbec 1928, 
(Hamatani 1995; Yonow 2011) 
there has never been a compre¬ 
hensive phylogenetic study of 
this group to support the separa¬ 
tion of these species into a sepa¬ 
rate genus (Jensen 1998). The 
radula of this specimen, along 
with the conical pustules that 
cover the body are more reminis¬ 
cent of Gymnodoris citrina (Bergh, 1877) than of either of the two described species that have been 
placed in Analogium. Because of this, we place this species within Gymnodoris. 
Figure 2. Gymnodoris brunnea sp. nov. scanning electron micrographs of 
the radula. A. View of entire radula. (Note that portionsof the radula on the 
right side of the image are folded underneath), CASIZ 185963, seale= 90 pm. 
B. Inner lateral teeth, note bieuspid second inner lateral, CASIZ 185963, 
seale= 20 pm. C. Outer lateral teeth, CASIZ 185968, seale= 10 pm. 
or ■.; 
/■V 
J-.-d 
%:■ 
fd Ot 
V ■ ■■'■P 
H 
.A 
''' \ % vd 
’m 
h-. 
Figure 3. Gymnodoris brunnea sp. nov. reproduetive system: seale bar = 
1mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; be, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland 
mass; p, penis; pr, prostate; rs, receptaculum seminis; v, vagina; vd, vas defer¬ 
ens; ot, ovotestis. 
