KNUTSON & GOSLINER: NEW SPECIES OF GTMNODORZS NUDIBRANCHS 
FROM THE PHILIPPINES 
139 
ered in deep orange, conical pus¬ 
tules. These pustules are present 
on the anterior portion of the 
notal margin. Starting from the 
anterior margin, these pustules 
are situated in two diffuse rows 
following the mantle margin pos¬ 
teriorly and converge towards the 
posterior tip of the foot. It is dif¬ 
ficult to tell from some of the 
photos of specimens where the 
pustules converge and it may be 
that the pustules do not converge 
in some of the specimens. None 
of the living specimens observed 
appeared to have pustules 
between the rhinophores, which 
have approximately 7-8 lamellae 
and vary in coloration. Some 
specimens had rhinophores with a brownish tinge with orange at the tip, others were orange on the 
upper half of the rhinophore or nearly the whole rhinophore. One specimen had rhinophores that 
were deep orange-brown. 
Specimens had between 7 and 11 unipinnate gill filaments arranged in a linear row or in as 
light arc anterior to the anus. The filaments may be tinged with a deep orange color, though this 
coloration varies between specimens. In some specimens, the orange pigment is highly concentrat¬ 
ed and may cover much of the gills; in others, the orange pigment covers only the apical portion of 
the gills. In others, there is a negligible amount of orange on the gills. The length of the gill fila¬ 
ments also varies. 
Due to the translucent nature of the skin, the internal organs are visible externally. A bright 
white patch can be viewed below the skin and is located from the gill to about halfway to the pos¬ 
terior end of the foot. The margin of this white patch is irregular in shape and varies between spec¬ 
imens. No dark brown intestine can be seen through the skin in this species. The genital aperture 
is located forward of the gills at approximately the same level as the pericardium. 
Internal Anatomy.— Buccal and radular morphology. The buccal mass is muscular and the 
salivary glands are strap-like. Typical of the genus Gymnodoris, the radulahas no rachidian row of 
teeth (Fig. 9A). The innermost lateral teeth are large and hook shaped with a long base (Fig. 9B). 
The second inner lateral is not differentiated from the rest of the mid-laterals, which are long and 
pointed (Fig. 9B). The laterals decrease in size very gradually and the outer laterals are the small¬ 
est of the teeth (Fig. 9C). The radular formulae of two specimens were counted and approximated 
as follows: 14 x 15.1.0.1.15 (CASIZ 185962), 16 x 14.1.0.1.14 (CASIZ 185969). A third radula 
was prepared, but not all of the rows were visible, at least 9 rows could be counted x 12.1.0.1.12 
(CASIZ 185967). 
Reproductive system'. There are two large main ovotestis masses, one located ventral-laterally 
on the right side to the digestive gland and the other on the left, posterior to the genital mass. A her¬ 
maphroditic duct (Fig. 10) extends from each of the ovo testis follicles; these unite into a single duct 
that widens into the swollen ampulla. The ampulla biftircates into a short oviduct that enters the 
female gland mass. The second branch widens into the curved prostate, which surrounds the large 
Figure 8. Photographs of living animals. A-B. Gymnodoris pseudobrun- 
nea sp. nov. 
