152 
THE CORAL TRIANGLE: HEARST BIODIVERSITY EXPEDITION 
ming capillary chaetae (Fig. lA). 
The paratype has four stolons 
with 9 + 15 + 17 + 20 chaetigers, 
0.4 + 0.6 + 0.8 + 1.2 mm long, 
respectively, and five regen¬ 
erating posterior chaetigers on 
atokous form (Fig. IB, 3G-H) 
with the same color pattern as the 
adult (Fig. lA, B) and possibly 
representing another developing 
stolon. These chaetigers lack 
swimming chaetae (Fig. 3G) and 
exhibit a row of cilia on each 
segment (Figs. 3G-H); nuchal 
ciliated organs as two pits 
between prostomium and peris- 
tomium; some ciliary bands over 
the eyes (Fig. 3H). 
Etymology.— The name 
of the species is derived from the 
Tagalog language: pula, meaning 
red and dilaw, meaning yellow, 
and refers to the striking color 
pattern of this species. 
Habitat.— Coral rubble 
near shallow coral reef 
Distribution. — Only 
known from the type locality in 
Luz6n Island, Philippine Islands. 
Figure 4. Majority rule consensus tree of Bayesian analyses from com¬ 
bined mitochondrial and nuclear data sets including COI, IbSrDNA and 
ISSrDNA. Maximun Likelihood analysis is congruent with this analysis. 
Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown above branches; boostrap values 
below branches except for nodes for which boostrap value is < 70 (see mate¬ 
rial and methods for further explanation). 
Discussion 
Both morphological and molecular data sets support M. puladilaw sp. nov. as belonging to 
Myrianida, within a well supported clade including M. australiensis (Hartmann-Schroder, 1982), 
M. convoluta (Cognetti, 1953), M. hesperidium, M. quindecimdentata (Langerhans, 1884) M. 
pachycera (Augener, 1913), and M. gidholmi (Nygren and Pleijel, 2007) (Fig. 4). The two latter 
taxa are the sister group of the new species. The unique character that unites this clade is reproduc¬ 
tion by gemmiparity. 
Myrianida puladilaw sp. nov. ressembles M. quindecimdentata and M. hesperidium in the 
length of median antennae, the number of chaetae in anterior segments and the unique sinuation of 
the pharynx. However, the former lacks long nuchal epaulettes and the latter exhibits different 
chaetal morphology than M. puladilaw sp. nov., with a much larger subdistal tooth. Both species 
