156 
THE CORAL TRIANGLE: HEARST BIODIVERSITY EXPEDITION 
Iphione consists of seven currently accepted species, two of which are of questionable validi¬ 
ty (Pettibone 1986) due to a lack of type material {Iphione hirta Quatrefages, 1866^ and/or inade¬ 
quate species descriptions (/. hirta and Iphione reticulata Amoureux, Rullier, and Fishelson, 1978). 
Iphione muricata (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) md Iphione ovata Kinberg, 1856, the two most com¬ 
mon and widespread speeies in the genus, are both reportedly distributed across numerous biogeo- 
graphie regions (Wehe 2006; Bamich et al. 2004; Yun et ah 1999; Hanley and Burke 1991; Petti¬ 
bone 1986; Lschakov 1982; Day 1967; Fauchald 1977a; Wu et al. 1975; Murty et al. 1968; Wu 
1968; Fauvel 1953; Hartman 1939). Considering the number of recent papers separating cryptic 
reef taxa (Glasby et al. 2013; Wu et al. 2013; Bairoso et al. 2010), it is likely that some of these 
widespread populations represent genetically distinct populations in need of closer scrutiny. Mor¬ 
phological characters traditionally compared for diagnosis of speeies of Iphione include the shape 
and size of spines and tubercles on elytral surfaces, presenee or absence of fringe papillae at elytra 
margins, shape of neurochaetae tips, and length of papillae along the neuropodial lobe margins. 
Methods 
Type materials of Iphione species from the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Nat¬ 
ural History (USNM ), the Swedish Museum of Natural History (SMNH), and the Museum nation¬ 
al d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) were examined for comparison. Additional materials were eom- 
pared from the National Museum of Wales (NMW). New specimens were collected from the 
Batangas Province of the Philippines. 
Colleetions were taken by SCUBA from coral reef and neighboring habitats off southern 
Luzon during the shallow-water eomponent of the 2011 Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition 
by the California Academy of Scienees and its partner institutions in the Philippines. Sampling was 
carried out at depths of less than 36 meters by a team of researchers and collaborators over a five 
week period. Two species of Iphione were collected during this effort, the first fitting descriptions 
for Iphione muricata and the second species new to science. Specimens were narcotized in a solu¬ 
tion of 8% MgCl 2 , photographed, and preserved in 95% ethanol. Examinations were made of the 
preserved specimen with stereo (Nikon SMZ-U) and transmitted light (Leiea DMRB) microscopes. 
The specimen was photographed using a Big Kahuna (BK) Lab System (Visionaiy Digital) 
equipped with a Canon 5D camera and a photomieroscopy apparatus (Leiea M165C with attaehed 
DFC550 camera). Both systems were used in conjunetion with Zerene Stacker (Zerene Systems 
LLC) for automontage focus stacking, and a Spot Imaging System was used for transmitted light 
photomieroseopy. Seanning eleetron microscopy (LEO/Zeiss 1450 VP) was employed to examine 
the ultrastmcture of chaetae. The holotype (and sole specimen) of the new species is deposited at 
the California Aeademy of Seienees, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology (CASIZ). 
The species is deseribed in a similar format to that of Hanley and Burke’s (1991) deseriptions 
oiIphione from the Chesterfield Islands in an attempt to standardize Iphione species descriptions. 
New characters and several mentioned in Pettibone (1986) and Wehe (2006) are also addressed. 
Species Descriphon 
Family Iphionidae Kinberg, 1856 
Genus Iphione Kinberg, 1856 
Iphione maUfera Piotrowski, sp. nov. 
Figures 1-3 
Type material.— Holotype: CASIZ 187234 Philippines, Luzon, Batangas Province, Mari- 
eaban Island, “Sea Pen” dive site, coral reef rubble, less than 33 m, 2011 Hearst Philippines Bio- 
