VAN SYOC ET AL.: SEVEN NEW BARNACLES FROM THE PHILIPPINES 
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fidelis (Carrison-Stone et al. 2013) from Sao Tome and Principe (in Muriceopsis tuberculata, Plex- 
auridae). However, they also found that Conopea saotomensis (Camson-Stone et al. 2013) is sym¬ 
biotic with seven species in the family Gorgoniidae, living on six gorgonian species in the genus 
Leptogorgia and Eimicella kochi. Similarly, the Philippines Conopea exhibit host specificity to 
varying degrees as well (Table 8). Unfortunately, taxonomic uncertainty in the Alcyonacea at the 
genus and species level inhibits taking the issue of host specificity to a level much finer than fam¬ 
ily, for now. We suspect that as the taxonomy of the Alcyonacea is refined, several barnacle species 
will be discovered to have species-level host specificity. Perhaps the further refinement of barna¬ 
cle taxonomy will help to infoiTn taxonomy within the Alcyonacea. 
The invasion of octocoral and antipatharian hosts by barnacles in the family Archaeobalanidae 
does appear to have patterns of speciation by barnacle clades as various host taxon relationships 
evolved. In our admittedly small data set, some families of octocorals harbor more species of Cono¬ 
pea than others, and acastines have only found plexaurid octocorals to be suitable hosts. The rea¬ 
sons for these restrictions and specialization in host family taxa are not yet clear. It may be due to 
chemical cues from the hosts that attract or repeal barnacle larvae. Carrison-Stone et al. (2013) pre¬ 
sented a synopsis of previous literature documenting evidence for attraction or repulsion of larvae 
by various host taxa. 
Table 8. Western Pacific gorgonian-inhabiting barnacle species and their host taxa, as published in the 
original species descriptions and in this study. 
Barnacle name 
Published host 
Gorgoniidae 
Plexauridae 
Melithaeidae 
Ellis ellidae 
C. willhearsti sp. nov. 
A cabana, 
Mopsella, 
Melithaea 
C. sabangensis sp. nov. 
Acabaria 
C. basicuneata sp. nov. 
Junceella, Ctenocel- 
la, Dichotella 
C. maigaretae sp. nov. 
Viminella 
C. minyrostnan sp. nov. 
Viminella 
C. exothobasis sp. nov. 
Viminella or Ellisella 
C. arciiatci 
"Acanthogorgie" 
C. canaliculatiis 
"gorgonian" 
C. conmta 
Gorgonia 
Gorgonia 
C. dentifer 
Isiidac, "Muricaeidae" 
"Muricaeidae" 
C. fragilis 
"gorgonian" 
C. investita 
Acanlhogoigia truncata 
C. longibasis 
"Melitodes?" 
Melithaea 
C. mjoebergi 
Echinogotgia 
Echinogotgia 
C. proripiens 
"Scir|3earella gracilis" 
Viminella gracilis 
C. pygmaea 
"slender Gorgonarian" 
C. scandens 
none 
C. squamosa 
"white gorgonian" 
Acasta vipensis sp. nov. 
Menella 
A. gregaria 
Euplexaura 
Euplexaura 
A. hirsuta 
Euplexaura 
Euplexaura 
A. purpurata 
Isis 
Archiacasta spinitergum 
gorgonian 
Euacasta microforamina 
plexaurid 
Plexauridae 
