IWAMOTO & MCCOSKER: DEEP-WATER FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE EXPEDITION277 
tain if tliis single specimen from the expedition is B. distophax, although it rather well agrees with the 
account given by Nafpaktitis (1977:234-236, fig. 164). The species is widespread in the Atlantic and Pacif¬ 
ic oceans although records of the species are sparse. 
Diaphus adenomus Gilbert, 1905 (Fig. 40) 
Material.— CAS 236623 (6, 98-154 mm SL); HEPD-009, otter trawl in 322-336 m. 
Remarks. — This is a large, widely distributed species known from the western Pacific from Hawaii to Japan 
and in the Atlantic Ocean. The Ant (supraorbital) and Vn (infi'aorbital) luminous organs are well developed 
in the largest specimen, but much less developed in the smaller specimens. 
Diaphus fragilis Taning, 1928 (Fig. 41) 
Material.— CAS 233984 (7, 85-123 mm SL, DC-1286); HEPD-004, otter trawl in 154-245 m. CAS 
233999 (123 mm SL, DC-1328); HEPD-009, otter trawl in 322-336 m. 
Remarks.— A mesopelagic species found in tropical waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. 
Diaphus garmani Gilbert, 1906 
Material.— CAS 233989 (11, 44.0-61.4 mm SL); HEPD-004; otter trawl in 154-245 m. CAS 236513 (8, 
37.2-53.0 mm SL); HEPD-009, otter trawl in 322-336 m. 
Remarks.— This is a common, worldwide species. 
Diaphus gigas Gilbert, 1913 
Material.— CAS 233987 (10, 71.2-83.9 mm SL, DC-1287); HEPD-004, otter trawl in 154-245 m. 
Remarks. — Taxonomic uncertainty exists with this species. Wisner (1976:121) suggested that it may be con- 
specific with D. elucens (Brauer, 1904), and Kawaguchi and Shimizu (1978:68) reported that “according 
to Nafpaktitis (pers. comm.), D. gigas might be oversized senile expartriates of the warm water D. per- 
spicillatiis We know of no records of this species from die Philippines, although Okamura {in Okamura 
and Kitajima 1984:361) record it from the East China Sea off Okmawa. They give its distribution as soutli- 
em Japan, East China Sea, and Indian Ocean, but Kawaguchi and Shimizu (1978:68) report it from south 
to 20°N, north to off Hokkaido (42°N), and as far east as 179°W. Wisner (1976:121) reported the species 
in the North Pacific CuiTent eastward to 155°W. 
Diaphus suborbitalis Weber, 1913 (Fig. 42) 
Material.— CAS 234003 (71.3 mm SL, DC-1330); HEPD-009, otter trawl in 322-336 m. 
Remarks. — This species is readily identified from other congeners by the large oval to round Vn that lies 
along the ventral rim of the orbit, anterior to a vertical through the posterior margin of the pupil, in com¬ 
bination with other photophore characters. Widely distributed in tropical to subtropical western Pacific and 
western Indian oceans. 
Diaphus watasei Jordan and Starks, 1904 (Fig. 43) 
Material.— CAS 233899 (156 mm SL, DC-1327) and CAS 234002 (112 mm SL, DC-1329); HEPD-009, 
otter trawl in 322-336 m. 
Remarks.— The larger (CAS 233899) of the two HEPD specimens has a relatively low gill-raker count 
(7+1+11 = 17 total, vs. 18-23 total recorded by others), but the smaller (CAS 234002) ha a count of 
5+1+13 + 19 total. The snout of the smaller is damaged and the luminous organs there could not be ade¬ 
quately assessed. The two otherwise agree well with descriptions of the species. Distributed widely in 
Indo-West Pacific from southern Japan south to southern Australia and west to Africa. 
Diaphus sp. (Fig. 44) 
Material.— CAS 236509 (83.5 mm SL, DC-1435); HEPD-017, beam trawl in 282^28 m. 
Remarks. — We are unable to identify this specimen. The area around the luminous organs in front of the 
orbit is damaged, and we cannot detennine if it has an Ant or So photophore. In its general morphology 
and arrangement and numbers of photophores on the body, the specimen appears similar to Diaphus ade¬ 
nomus Gilbert, 1905. 
