LEVITON, BROWN, & SILER: PHILIPPINE VENOMOUS SNAKES 
483 
10a. Scales at midbody in 17-19 longitudinal rows; ground color above black or dark brown. ..11 
10b. Scales at midbody in 21-23 longitudinal rows; above color uniform light brown or olive; ven- 
trals 180-196 (Catanduanes, Luzon, Mindoro). Naja philippinensis (Fig. 7B) 
lla. A few anterior ventrals light yellow followed by band of black that gradually fades posterior¬ 
ly; ventrals 162-178 (Bohol, Leyte, Mindanao, Samar). Naja samarensis 
llb. Venter dark or light but without a distinctive black band on anterior portion; ventrals 178-189 
(Culion, Palawan). Naja sumatrana 
12a. Scales on head and chin smooth; second upper labial fused to scale forming anterior border of 
facial pit (Fig. 11 A).14 
12b. Scales on head and chin strongly keeled; second upper labial separated from scale forming 
anterior border of facial pit (Fig. IIB).13 
Figures llA-B. Lateral view of heads of (A) Trimeresurus (Parias) flavomaculatus and (B) Tropidolaemus subannu- 
latus. 
13a. Scale rows at midbody, (cJ) 21-23 , ($) 21-29; intemasals separated by 2 (rarely 1) scales, 
never in contact; 3rd upper labial usually separated from subocular by 1 or 2 scales; scales on 
snout along a straight line from rostral to level of supraoculars, (cJ) 4—7, ($) 5-8; scales on 
dorsum of head on a line between supraoculars 9-16; color variable, shades of green, blue or 
green and blue in females, green in males but blue in some Negros populations; crossbands 
around body blue and white, red and white, or blue, red and white; postocular stripe in 
females variable, in males white or red, and red in juveniles; ventrals (cJ) 128-148, ($) 
127-147; subcaudals {S) 45-53, ($) 40-54 (Balabac, Basilan, Bohol, Dinagat, Jolo, Leyte, 
Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Samar, Sibutu, Tumindao). 
. Tropidolaemus subannulatus (Fig. 12A-C) 
Figures 12A-C. Tropidolaemus subannulatus: (A) Luzon, female; (B) Luzon, male; (C) Negros, female. 
Photos by Rafe Brown. 
