76 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
he now adopts Woosters^ designation New Kichmond beds or sand¬ 
stone and which occurs locally at the contact of the Shakopee and 
Oneota dolomites is a higher bed than the Jordan sandstone with 
which he had previously confused it. Moreover, he now placed the 
Jordan at the top of the St. Croix and referred the underlying St. 
Lawrence to a correspondingly lower position in the same forma¬ 
tion or series. In this work also Winchell definitely correlated the 
Jordan and the St. Lawrence respectively with the Madison sand¬ 
stone and the Mendota dolomite of the section at Madison, Wis. 
In reading Winchell’s comments on the several parts of the 
section one notes the suggested desire to expand the limits of the 
St. Lawrence so as to include “shaly beds with which it is asso¬ 
ciated and into which it seems to graduate.” These shaly beds 
lie both above and beneath the typical St. Lawrence limestone 
but mainly beneath, and if these were included the expanded forma¬ 
tion “will include beds to the amount of nearly 200 feet.” How¬ 
ever, in his designation and description of the cut and table show¬ 
ing the sequence of the lower Paleozoic formations in Minnesota 
this suggestion is not carried out, the St. Lawrence being described 
as 0-30 feet in thickness and the beds between the St. Lawrence 
limestone and the underlying Dresbach sandstone are separately 
given as “ 7. Sands and sandy shales ... at least 200 feet ’ ’ in the 
first table and as “Shales” in the second. 
From 1888 on to 1895 the term St. Lawrence was used in the 
restricted original sense by all who had any occasion to refer to 
the formation. On two occasions during this time HalP, and Hall 
and Sardeson^ so used it. Also Keyes® and Calvin.® At the close 
of this period Hall and Sardeson^ published an excellent paper in 
which they discuss the “St. Lawrence dolomites and shales” at 
considerable length and give the thickness of these beds as 213 
feet. With such a thickness it would be impossible to exclude the 
Franconia part of the section. That the “shales” must refer 
mainly to the Franconia is clearly indicated by the fact that in the 
table of formations the item “St. Lawrence dolomite and sandy 
shale, 213 feet” immediately follows the “Faunal break” at the 
2 Geology of Wisconsin, vol. 4, pp. 106 and 127, 1882. 
® Minn. Acad. Nat. Sciences Bull., vol. 3, No. 1, p. 134, 1889. 
* Geol. Soc. America, vol. 3, p. 341, 1892. 
® Iowa Geol. Survey, vol. 1, p. 23, 1893. 
® Ibidem, vol. 4, p. 62, 1895. 
’’ The Magnesian Series of the Northwestern States. Geol, Soc. America Bull., vol. 6, 
pp. 167-198, 1895. 
