Frey—Physiology of Venturia Inequalis. 
319 
Basidiomycetes usually have a single nucleus in the early stages; 
later two nuclei may be found. The spores are uninucleate. The 
cells immediately beneath the hymenial layer always contain two 
nuclei. Fusion of nuclei occurs in the basidium. Gilbert (1921) 
states that the young spores of Dacromyces are one celled and 
uninucleate; later division occurs and an eight celled spore is 
formed. Uninucleate hyphae are produced from these cells. 
The spermagonia and ascogonia of Polystigma ruhrum are func¬ 
tionless according to Blackman and Welsford (1912). They de¬ 
scribe the formation of functionless spermatia on terminal hyphae. 
They state that large uninucleate cells surround the ascogonium 
but its cells are multinucleate. The ascogonium degenerates and 
perithecial hyphae arise in the neighborhood of the ascogonium, 
formed perhaps by vegetative hyphae, or special hyphae arising 
from or about the base of the degenerating ascogonium. The spe¬ 
cial hyphae are finger-like and grow together in a conical mass, 
the apex usually directed toward the lower epidermis of the leaf. 
The nuclei of the cells are arranged in pairs. From these hyphae 
the ascogenous hyphae arise, the nuclei of the latter arranged in 
pairs. The asci probably arise from the penultimate cells of the 
ascogenous hyphae for in these cells nuclear fusion seems to occur. 
There is evidence of nuclear fusion when the ascogenous hyphae 
are differentiated. 
Welsford (1907) finds no antheridia taking part in the sexual 
fusion of Ascoholus furfuraceus. The female sex organs consist 
of a row of 6-10 cells. The middle cell is at first uninculeate but 
later becomes multinucleate and develops the ascogenous hyphae. 
The remaining cells of the ascogonium connect with the middle cell 
by pores through which the nuclei migrate and fuse in pairs in the 
ascogenous hyphae. The penultimate cells of the ascogenous 
hyphae contain two nuclei which fuse and from this cell the ascus 
is formed in the usual way. 
Fraser (1913) states that the archicarp of Lachnea creta devel¬ 
ops on one of the larger filaments; it forms two or three coils and 
becomes septate, each cell becoming multinucleate. The archicarp 
becomes differentiated into three regions; the stalk, the coiled 
ascogonium, and the septate trichogyne which elongates and 
branches. Antheridia are not present. Large pores form between 
the cells of the multinucleate ascogonial cells and nuclei migrate 
from one cell to another. The ascogenous hyphae arise from the 
cells of the ascogonium and asci are formed. Keduction occurs 
