328 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
Staining proved to be very difficult as the fungus failed to retain 
the stain. Flemming’s triple stain gave good results with young 
perithecia. Heidenhain’s iron-alum haematoxylin gave good re¬ 
sults when counter stained with Orange g. and was used for most 
of the cytologieal work. 
To determine the development of the perithecium portions of 
oatmeal agar containing mycelium of the fungus were placed in 
a Van Tieghem cell and kept in the refrigerator. The appearance 
of short protuberances on the filaments of the mycelium were 
noted, as in figs. 1-6. Two branches arising from the same fila¬ 
ment' begin coiling about each other forming a compact, coiled 
mass. The branches become septate and it was possible to make 
out two and three cells. In most cases the coil soon becomes so 
intricate that it is impossible to follow its development. After 
the coil begins to form it is joined by other branches arising from 
the base of the stalk or the filament from which the stalk arose. 
Sometimes one branch begins to take a spiral form apparently 
without the assistance of another branch. It was also possible 
to obtain growth for a period of two weeks in oatmeal agar placed 
on a slide and covered with a cover glass, if the slide was placed 
in a petri dish and kept in a sterile condition and at low tempera¬ 
ture, thereby making possible accurate observations of the early 
stages. In such cultures one often observes conjugations consist¬ 
ing of a short branch connecting adjacent or parallel hyphae. 
As far as could be determined these structures never gave rise to 
perithecia. Sometimes one finds a nucleus in the conjugating tube. 
Frequently one finds filaments forming perithecial structures in 
great abundance and branching profusely, while the neighboring 
filaments exhibit no tendency to branch or to form perithecia. 
Sections of the young perithecium, fig. 10, indicate the pres¬ 
ence of a large coil which stains more deeply than cells of the adja¬ 
cent hyphae. This coil increases in size as the perithecium grows. 
Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 show coils within the perithecium with 
part of the coil projecting beyond the limits of the wall. 
From the similarity of my figures to those of Harper (1905), 
Clausen (1912), and Brooks (1910), one could not avoid conclud¬ 
ing that the large coiled structures staining deeply were archi- 
carps. The coil within the perithecium resembles the ascogonium 
as described by Harper, and undoubtedly functions as such. There 
is evidence that a single branch enlarges to form the ascogonium 
as one can often follow the heavy staining cells to the periphery 
