348 Wisconsin Academy of Sciencesy Arts, and Letters. 
Harper for Phyllactinia corylea (1905), but eventually the elong¬ 
ated nucleus rounds up and assumes the form of a typical resting 
nucleus (figs. 12, 13). The two nucleoles gradually approach each 
other and unite, the large nucleole formed by the fusion staining 
deeply with safranin, but containing an unstained or lightly 
stained area at the center. The chromatic system becomes more 
clearly defined and is now a coarse network with thickened granules 
at intervals. Both the linin and the chromatin granules stain 
deeply with gentian violet. That this fusion may be a case of 
endokaryogamy similar to that found in the Basidiomycetes seems 
probable. By passing through a number of mitoses, in the vegeta¬ 
tive cells, it may be that the nuclei which finally fuse have lost 
their originally similar characteristics. 
Division of the Fusion Nucleus 
As the resting nucleus prepares for division, a spirem thread 
is gradually evolved from the reticulum of linin and chromatin, 
and very soon evidence of the pairing of the threads is apparent 
(fig. 14). They lie closely twisted about each other, and, since 
this synaptic stage is so clear, this division may be considered the 
heterotypic division. The condition of synapsis and that of the 
longitudinally split spirem (fig. 15) are frequently found, which 
fact may be an indication that the nucleus passes through these 
phases slowly. The nucleole, during this time, changes in staining 
properties, the outer zone taking much less stain than the inner. 
Another stage, showing the spirem thrown into loops which group 
at the center and spread out to the periphery of the nucleus, is fre¬ 
quently found (figs. 16, 17). Fitzpatrick (1918) suggested that 
these loops represent chromosomes in Eocronartium muscicola, but 
this is probably not the case in Taphrina coryli Nishida, for here 
five or six (the number of loops observed) does not represent 
either the haploid or the diploid number of chromosomes. The 
nucleus elongates considerably (fig. 20), and soon a definite spindle 
is noted which is larger than that found in the vegetative cells, 
but it, also, has a granular body or center at each end. This en¬ 
tire spindle is likewise surrounded by a clear area. It is im¬ 
possible to make out the individual chromosomes; probably each 
mass of chromatin represents a number of chromosomes (figs. 21, 
22, 23, 24). 
These chromatin masses are in such position as to suggest the 
equatorial plate stage most frequently, though they appear at 
