It  is  an  evidoucti  of  short-sightodness  to  buy 
cows  because  they  arc  cheap,  without  regard  to 
quaUty,— to  construct  |X)or  uiilk  roonis,  and  do- 
hver  poor  milk  to  factoiiea.  There  are  those  who 
use  a  telescoixi  for  ono  eye  and  a  mici-oscope  for 
the  other,  »ind  them  transactions  are  proportion¬ 
ately  disprotwrtioned.  Those  dairymen  who 
make  300  Jbs.  of  butter  per  cow  say  the  extra 
expense  does  not  exceed  @12  p<5r  head,  200  lbs. 
being  taken  as  the  average,  thus  yielding  a  profit 
of  tlS  per  bead,  taking  30c.  as  the  average  price. 
By  sowing  corn  and  clover  we  arc  insured  against 
drouth  or  a  short  hay  crop,  it  matters  not  that 
associations  have  defined  what  is  necessary  for 
farmers  to  do  so  long  as  they  do  not  act  ou  the 
facts  promulgated.  The  speaker  commends  the 
factory  plan  and  deprecates  the  habit  of  working 
the  wife  and  daughters  to  death,  simply  because 
they  arc  willing  to  be  so  worked,  and  suggests 
that  fanners  fetch  their  wives  to  Conveutions. 
A  dairy  f.onu  could  alu-ays  bo  pointed  out  among 
other  farms  by  the  air  of  thrift  and  cloantinoss 
that  ciiaractorizo  it.  Make  cheeso  so  good  tliat 
people,  like  Imbies.  wtll  cry  for  it  and  send  to 
oblivion  oleomargurine. 
Ml’.  Bi.ANc’HAitn'  said,  in  closing,  that,  in  his 
judgment,  30c.  was  just  about  the  coat  of  butter, 
and  it  could  not  be  made — a  good  article — for  less. 
Numbers  left  the  Convention  at  the  close  of 
the  address,  and  ofily  those  remained  who  wore 
not  compelled  to  leave  the  city  by  departing 
trains.  The  few  present  hstened  to  an  intereat¬ 
ing  account  of  the  Chemical  CoiiHtitucnts  of  Milk, 
by  P.  A.  liAfTKB  of  Menxlville. 
After  comphmentaiy  votes  o(  thanks  to  the 
Officers  of  the  Association,  which  were  appro¬ 
priately  roR]>oiulcd  to,  the  Conventiou  adjourned 
sine  flic— thus  closing  a  very  interesting  and  suc¬ 
cessful  meeting.  c.  h.  e.  r, 
the  Ckmstitution  and  uitroduchig  a  few  modifica¬ 
tions  of  the  By-Laws.  It  was  adopted. 
Messrs.  Wat.  Morse,  U.  CANrtEiiD  and  Wat. 
Nash,  all  of  Crau’ford  Co.,  wore  appointed  to 
draw  up  a  plan  for  tho  uuitetl  action  of  factoi7- 
meu,  and  submitted  the  foUowing  report : 
Your  Committee  to  promote  united  action  and 
create  a  better  foehng  between  daiiymeu  and  fac- 
torymen,  roconmtended : — 1,  That  factorymen 
buy  all  tho  milk  of  patrons  or  none ;  2,  That  they 
use  no  undue  influence  to  induce  patronage  of 
their  respective  factories,  except  by  striving  to 
make  a  superior  product ;  3,  That  the  |W'.rcentage 
plan  is  tlie  true  plan  of  conducting  factories. 
Tho  Committee  on  Dairy  f^roiluct.s  report  aa 
follows : 
Y'our  Committee  report  four  lots  of  cheese  ex¬ 
hibited  and  brandcfl  resivectively,  “  Cfxjliran 
Farm,”  “  Nash,”  “  Hall,”  and  *•  D.  TI.  Gibtns,” 
being  all  so  nearly  alike  in  their  general  excel¬ 
lence,  there  could  be  no  invidious  distinctions 
drawn  and  all  were  approved.  Signed  by  L.  B. 
Arnold  and  Flint  Blanchard. 
The  Committee  on  Dairy  Utensils  (consisting 
of  D.  H.  Gibins,  J.  H.  PitEDfs  and  Davis  Peck) 
report  that  tho  Cow  Fotlcr,  puWntcd  by  II.  J. 
Sadi.kr,  Mecca,  Trumlmll  6o.,  Ohio,  mieuis  to 
possess  merit,  atid  recommend  dairjunen  to  try  it. 
A  full  size  model  of  Gifford’s  Swinging  Cattle 
Stancliion,  exhibited  by  W.  C.  Gifford  and  A. 
C.  ItoBFAiTsoN  of  Jiimcstowu,  N.  Y.,  after  a  thor¬ 
ough  examination,  wo  fouiul  it  to  possess  tbo  lol- 
lowing  the  following  merits : — F.aeh  Stanchion  is 
indeiwndent  of  all  the  otliers .  they  are  hung  at 
the  npjww  end  and  swing  forward  as  the  animal 
rises  to  its  feet,  thus  obviating  the  strainiug  that 
cows  arc  snbjccU’d  to  in  the  stationary  stanohious ; 
tli«7’  arc  self-closing  and  fastening ;  the  space  for 
the  aniinal'.s  Jieck  can  be  ciuickly  and  securely 
a<lj  listed  to  any  desired  width,  without  removing 
tlie  bolts ;  for  easo  and  comfort  to  the  animals 
and  convenience  to  the  owner,  tln-y  are  certainly 
a  very  great  Unprovemeut  and  worthy  the  consid¬ 
eration  of  evei-y  dau-yman  and  keejM>r  of  cattle  in 
the  country. 
Your  atUMition  is  also  called  to  tho  Common 
Sense  Ylilk  Pan  and  Cooler,  made  by  F.i.i.iott  A 
Oakes,  Cattaraugus.  N.  W,  as  exhibiting  many 
points  worthy  tho  critical  attention  of  dairymen. 
A.  J.  UiBMLK,  Fraiililiii,  N.  Y.,  exhibits  a  but¬ 
ter-worker  whereby  the  butter  can  be  washed, 
weighed,  worked,  and  salted  without  being  re¬ 
moved  from  tho  worker,  niere  is  also  attaalmd 
a  simple  but  effective  mill  for  crushing  and  pre¬ 
paring  the  salt  for  use.  We  recommend  it  to  the 
use  of  dairj’inen. 
Ai.vin  Middadoh  of  Friendship,  N.  Y’.,  exhib¬ 
its  a  Milk  Tester  on  a  novel  plan,  whereby  be  can 
work  lip  samples  of  each  patron’s  milk  by  itself, 
thereby  pructically  testing  its  comparative  iinal- 
PENNSYLVANIA  DAIEYMEN’S  ASS’N, 
PAMPERED  ANIMALS, 
PROCEEDINGS  OF  ITS  FIRST  ANNUAL  CONVENTION. 
In  its  veterinary  department,  the  Pralrio  Fann¬ 
er  gives  tho  following  tnio  statoment  concerning 
the  value  of  pampered  animala  for  breeding. 
There  should  be  a  sharp  line  drawn  at  the  fairs 
between  fatted  and  breeding  stock,  but  the  evil 
noted  below  is  of  cotnmou  oeeiu’renco.  Tho 
Fai’Uier  prints  it  as  follows : 
Query: — Are  the  monstrously  fat  bulls  and 
cows,  now  »ecn  at  onr  Htate  and  county  fairs  in 
Americji,  to  be  looked  upon  aa  normal  tyiics  of 
the  bovino  tribe  •  and  ought  «uch  animals  to  be 
allowed  entrance  for  competition  ninong  the 
breeding  stock  ? 
Answer This  subject  deservea  to  be  discussed 
and  acted  upon  more  extensively  by  our  breeders 
than  has  hitherto  boon  done.  Space  forbids  us, 
in  this  department  of  our  paper,  to  give  more 
than  a  few  general  remarks,  though  it  is  a  sub¬ 
ject  upon  which  a  small-sized  volumo  might  be 
written,  and  wliich  ought  to  be  taken  up  by  a 
pen  abler  than  onra.  Tho  enormous  nud  rapidly 
increasing  demand  for  meat  whieli  characterizes 
tho  food  markets  of  those  days,  has  reacted  in  a 
remarkable  manner  upon  tbo  nature  of  tho  ani¬ 
mals  that  supply  it.  Formerly  the  animals 
that  furnished  pork,  mutton  and  beef,  wera 
allowed  to  attain  the  ago  of  three  years  old  and 
upwards  before  they  were  considered  to  be  ripe 
for  the  butcher ;  but  now  sheep  and  pigs  are  per¬ 
fectly  matured  at  the  early  ago  of  one  year,  and 
two-year-old  oxen  furnish  a  large  quota  of  our 
roast  beef,  Tlie  so-called  improvement  of  stock 
is  simply  the  forcing  of  them  into  an  unnatural 
degree  of  fatness  at  an  early  ago 
MKADvn.i.K,  Pa.,  Dec.  ao,  18T5. 
[Concluded  from  Page  39.1 
The  Convention,  on  motion,  adjourned  to  the 
banquet  which  was  given  by  the  citizons  of  Mead- 
ville  in  honor  of  their  guests.  The  good  things 
were  abundant  and  received  ample  justice  at  the 
bands  of  the  guests.  Speeches  were  made  by 
prominent  gentlemen,  and  the  whole  was  enliven¬ 
ed  by  the  Moadville  Cornet  Band. 
SECOND  DAY. 
The  proceeduigs  were  opened  with  an  address 
by  Col.  O.  O.  PoTTF.Rof  Potter’s  Corners,  Pa.,  on 
GRASS. 
The  first  part  was  a  general  dissertation  of  no 
peculiar  interest,  in  which  Oil.  P.  gave  some 
goo<l  advice  to  farmers  about  acquiring  business 
habits  and  conducting  a  dairy  fai-ni  on  principles 
tliat  guide  the  merchant  in  Ids  pursuits.  Fire 
and  the  plowshare  must  bo  employed  to  reduce 
worthless  meadows  and  fniitful  pastures,  the 
sweetest  grass  being  only  obtained  from  rich  and 
well  cultivated  soils.  (Here  followedja  species  of 
subdued  advcrtinemerit  of  tbo  marl  bods  near  bis 
homo.] 
A  greater  variety  of  grasses  should  be  sown,  ns 
timothy  and  clover  arc  not  tho  highest  possibilitv' 
of  grass,  meadow  fox-tail  grass  being  worthy  of 
adoption  among  others,  as  it  is  succulent  and  nti- 
tritioUH.  Tlie  blue  grass  has  few  equals  in  the 
pasture ;  but  if  the  soil  is  thin  and  sandy  wire 
grass  fiourisbes  best.  Red  top  is  excellent,  but 
white  top  is  good,  especially  when  land  is  subject 
to  overflow.  Ho  deprecates  sowing  timothy  and 
clover  together,  but  clover  and  orchard  grass  aro 
a  happy  combination. 
Ou  the  conclusion  of  tho  aiUlross,  Mr.  Far¬ 
rington  of  Crawford  asked  the  siieaker  why  he 
objected  to  clover  ;  to  which  Mr.  Potter  replieii 
that  his  cattle  did  not  like  it,  and  he  shared  their 
aversion,  as  they  would  noteat  white  clover  when 
other  food  was  obtainable.  Mr.  Farrinoton’.s 
experience  with  bis  cattle  was  just  the  reverse, 
and  in  Herkimer  Co.  the  best  cheeso  was  made 
in  the  flush  of  wliite  clover. 
Prof.  Ti.  B.  Arnoi.I)  Isilng  called  niwm,  agreed 
with  Mr.  PoTTF.R,  and  said,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Far- 
RiNOTON,  that  the  excellence  of  Herkimer  Co. 
cheese  was  due  more  to  other  gi  aHsos,  tlie  clovers 
not  being  considered  the  best  dairy  grasses. 
The  Query  Box  wa.s  o[>ened  and  a  number  of 
questions  asked  and  answerr-d  ;  but  tJiere  was  a 
lock  of  animated  iliscusHion,  and  no  spontaneity 
to  speak  of.  This  was  observable  during  the 
whole  of  the  proceiKlings,  In  most  instances  the 
President  noticed  by  name  gentlemen  whom  ho 
thought  should  have  somelfiiing  to  say.  The 
Presideiit  was  indefatigable  ;  and  the  gentlemen 
of  the  Convention  wore  indefatigable  also — in  re¬ 
maining  quiet. 
Prof,  Arnold  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  delivered  a 
very  learned  essay  on 
THE  SECRETION  OF  MILK, 
illustrated  by  numerous  diagi’ams.  Tlie  address 
was  so  largely  deiiendont  on  the  illustrations  for 
its  intelligent  comprehension,  that  the  briefest 
mention  here  only  is  practicable.  It  was  verj’ 
attentively  listened  to,  and  created  such  a  pro¬ 
found  seientifle  impression  that  no  comment  was 
elicited  at  its  clo)»0,  except  of  a  complimentary 
nature.  It  is  the  same  address  delivered  before 
the  Northwestern  Dairymen's  Ass’n  in  a  modified 
form. 
THE  AFTERNOON  SESSION 
was  opened  by  the  annual  election  of  officers  and 
reports  of  committees. 
The  Committee  on  the  Nominations  of  Officers, 
consisting  of  A.  E.  Harper,  Evansburg ;  8.  A. 
Farrington,  Cambridge ;  Wni.  H.  Blystone,  Erie 
Co.;  D.  U.  Nodine,  Coebranton ;  O.  O.  Potter, 
Potter’s  Corners ;  Samuel  Reeder,  Wm.  Porter 
and  H.  Camp,  all  of  Erie  Co.  They  reported  the 
following  Board  of  Officers  for  1876.  The  report 
was  unanimously  adopted ; 
Pres. — A.  M.  Fu-lfji,  Meadville,  Rec.  Sec. — 
H.  Greene,  Meadville.  Cor.  Sec.— J.  M.  Bigger, 
Cambridge.  Treas.— Ira  W.  Hall,  Randolph, 
and  twenty  Vice-Presidents,  as  follows  Joseph 
Blystone,  Venango ;  Wm.  Porter,  ChapinviRe ; 
N.  W.  Power,  Conneautvifie ;  Wm,  Morse,  New 
Richmond ;  L.  L.  Lomb,  Townville  j  —  Warner, 
Sugar  Lake ;  A.  W.  Beatty,  Shaw's  Landing ;  S. 
Logan,  Hartstown ;  John  Cole,  Croasingvillo ; 
S.  Boeder,  Edinboro ;  R.  H,  Arbuckle,  Erie ;  D, 
W.  Titus,  PhilUpsvillo ;  Hon.  Wm.  Benson,  Wa¬ 
terford  ;  T.  C,  Cochran,  Shcaklcville ;  J.  W.  Mo- 
Comiell,  MiUedgeville ;  E.  W.  Hamilton,  Cherry 
Tree ;  —  Hopkuis,  Pleasantville ;  Hon.  Mr.  Wet- 
more,  Warren ;  Hon.  YI.  Iieach,  Greenville ;  8. 
E.  Kinkale,  Wayne. 
The  Committee  on  Constitution  and  By-Laws 
was  composed  of  John  Cole,  Chairman,  Venango ; 
Da  R.  Hall,  Randolph,  and  J.  M.  Bigger,  Cam¬ 
bridge.  At  the  request  of  Mr.  Cole,  Mr.  ^ooer 
BUbmitled  the  report,  which  consisted  in  reading 
and  this  end 
is  aiteined  by  dexterous  selection  and  crossing  of 
breeds,  by  avoidance  of  cold,  dimiuialiing  as  much 
as  ■possible  their  iniiHCular  activity,  and  la.stly 
and  chiefly,  by  overfeeding  them  with  grain  and 
concentrated  aUmentM, 
Every  ono  knows  that  a  man  so  obese  os  to  be 
unable  to  walk  cannot  be  in  a  healthy  state ;  yet 
many  feeders  of  stock  look  upon  the  monstrous¬ 
ly  fat  bulls  and  ci>ws  of  prize  celebrity  as  normal 
types  of  the  bovlnit  tribe.  It  requires  but  little 
argument  to  refute  so  fallacious  a  notion.  No 
doiilit  it  is  desirable  to  encourage  tlie  breeding  of 
(hose  varieties  of  animals  which  exlubU  the  great¬ 
est  diHiwiiiition  to  fatten,  and  to  arriv-e  early  at 
maturity ;  but  the  forcing  of  individual  animals 
into  an  unnatural  state  of  obesity,  except  for 
in  the  Slate  that  can  make  a  better  showing  than  purely  exiMu  iincutal  purposes,  is  a  practice  which 
is  here  reprfisented,  but  we  doubt  whetlier  these  camipt  bo  too  strongly  deprecated.  If  breeders 
will  raise  the  average  priee  on  the  whole  much,  j  contented  themselves  with  handing  over  to  the 
if  any,  above  12c.  butcher  their  huge  living  blocks  of  fat  the 
DAIRY  STATISTICS  FOR  1876 
Hannan  it-  Oditts,  Elyria,  Ohio,  exhibit  the 
moiielof  a  Relf-Hoating  Obecse  Y’at,  which  seems 
to  [xissess  some  good  features. 
r.  W.  Grannib,  Gowaiula,  N.  Y.,  exhibits  his 
patent  Empire  Ylilk  Cooler  and  Cheese  Vat,  which 
cools  tbo  milk  on  a  new  principle— cooling  from 
tho  center  instead  of  from  top  or  bottom.  The 
cooler  is  detachable  from  the  vat,  and  tie  whole 
apparatus  is  thus  made  to  do  a  vaiiety  of  duties. 
It  is  worthy  a  trial.  We  also  commend  the  same 
inventor’s  new  Empire  Butter  Package. 
D.  H.  QiniN.s,  Ch'n. 
Mr.  Flint  Blanchard  of  Jamestown,  N.  Y., 
then  read  a  paixir  on 
DAIRY  SPECTACLES, 
Tbo  speaker  etuimernted  the  various  sights, 
and  dwelt  feelingly  on  the  “  hind  sight,”  as  being 
one  farmers  more  particularly  lacked.  Any  defect 
of  tills  kind  indicated  spectacles,  and  the  dairy¬ 
men  should  at  once  proceed  to  wear  them,  whoa 
they  would  clearly  seo  that  they  needed— 1,  A 
farm  adapted  to  the  biisiuess;  2,  Well  kept  cows, 
of  a  good  breed ;  3,  Tho  projier  handling  of  the 
milk  and  proper  caro  of  tho  pro<luct  derived  from 
it,  these  being  the  three  essentials  to  success  in 
daiTj-iug.  It  is  such  defective  vision  that  causes 
most  of  the  mistakes  in  dairy  farming.  Tlie 
speaker  here  enumerated  various  varieties  of 
siiectacles,  from  convex  to  plano-convex,  In  a 
metaphorical  sense.  He  asked  how  many  dairy¬ 
men  had  seen  the  inside  of  a  cow  ? — which  was 
given  up.  The  cow  needs  skillful  handling,  whole¬ 
some  food  and  good  care  to  devclope  her  bi-st 
milking  capacity,  and  unskillful  handling  of  her 
product  is  the  destruction  of  profits.  All  work 
on  a  dairy  farm  leads  np  to  tlie  finished  product, 
a  fact  that  Is  too  often  lost  right  of,  as  is  evi¬ 
denced  by  the  manner  in  which  what  are  called 
“  chores"  ore  slurred  over.  F'ive  minutes’  careful 
work  with  tho  churn  often  adds  5c-  per  pound  to 
the  butter,  'flic  difference  between  the  price  of 
prime  and  inferior  butter  would,  the  speaker 
thought,  pay  tbo  taxes  on  tho  dairy  farms  of 
Crawford  County.  Farmers  are  to  use  their  spec¬ 
tacles  especially  with  reference  to  selling  their 
prodnets,  ao  the  rascality  prevalent  among  com¬ 
mission  men  is  a  source  of  great  los.s.  It  la  licst, 
as  a  rule,  to  sell  at  home  and  get  your  pay  when 
goods  are  delivered.  It  is  also  best  to  sell  when 
tho  goods  are  ready  to  bo  marketed,  and  not  wait 
for  a  rise  in  quotations.  It  is  dolusivo. 
Wliole  number 
lbs.  of  cheese 
made.  i 
.tveraffo  lbs.  of 
milk  to  lb.  of 
cheese. 
.Average,  price 
I  iior  i>oimd  of 
cheese. 
Net  price  per 
Ih.  of  milk  to 
I  patrons. 
Best  average, 
[  fier  cow,  ill  a 
single  dairy. 
Lowest  nv<‘Vc. 
ixr  i>ow,  in  a 
inzi  Ill  M 
singlo  dairy. 
jr  Thus  it  appears  that  of  these  eight  factories 
only  two  have  reached  12c.  per  pound  for  their 
cheese ;  and  if  we  allow  2c.  per  [lound  for  making 
and  furnishing  the  cheese  for  mai’kct,  tho  aver¬ 
age  net  price  received  by  patrons  will  not  bo  far 
from  10c.  per  pound.  The  two  columns  showing 
best  and  lowest  average  money  per  cow,  in  single 
dairies,  offers  food  lor  reflection.  When  herds 
aro  kept  tliat  yield  only  about  <22  per  cow  for 
the  season,  it  must  be  pretty  evident  tJiat  there 
is  no  profit  in  the  business,  and  such  small  re- 
tmrns  should  admonish  dair.vmen  to  take  more 
pains  m  securing  good  cows ;  for  a  cow  that  will 
not  turn  more  than  $22  during  tlic  season  does 
not  pay  her  keep.  All  such  unimals  had  better 
be  sold  and  their  places  filled  with  lietter  milkers 
or  else  the  farm  be  devoted  to  some  otlier  branch 
of  Bgricnltnre  than  tho  Dairy. 
Water  in  Winter.— Cows  giving  milk  need  an 
abundance  of  water.  The  dry  hay  usually  giv¬ 
en  affords  little  materia!  for  milk,  and  even  with 
abundance  of  roots,  unloss  water  is  [ilaced  within 
easy  reach,  cows  will  tend  to  fatten  rather  than 
to  milk  prcaluction.  A  great  difficulty  in  cold 
weather  is  in  having  water  so  far  fi’om  tlic  yard 
that  cows  will  suffer  long  before  going  from  com¬ 
fortable  quarters  to  reach  it.  Whenever  possi¬ 
ble  a  cifltmi  should  be  constructed  under  the 
bam  or  under  ground  to  hold  water  for  stock. 
