28 
MOORE’S  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
giiirj  of  it  ^uvalist. 
DAILY  KDEAL  LITE. 
From  the  Diary  of  a  Centleman  near  New  ! 
York  City. 
HATURAl  OaiBES  IN  HORTICUITURE. 
Dec.  23.— Thore  arc  many  cultivators  of  plants 
who  are  constantly  proclaiming  the  great  im¬ 
portance  of  “  following  Nature,"  and  still  they 
are  usually  the  llrst  U)  bo  astonished  at  the  in- 
lloxibility  of  natural  laws.  The  diflicultios  to  be 
mot  in  (ioarcUing  after  guides  in  those  niatters 
arc  mainly  our  ignorauco  of  the  natural  fnne-  | 
lions  and  properties  of  plant.i.  Wo  may  find  two  | 
spocios  of  phiuts  grow  ing  ujjon  the  sumo  rod  of 
ground  in  a  trojiical  climate,  and  Avliilo  one  will  ! 
bo  capable  of  standing  reiieutod  freezings  and  j 
thawings  without  any  apparcjit  injury,  the  other 
(lies  with  the  Ikst  chill.  Nothing  that  wo  hnow  j 
l)Ositively  of  natur.al  laws  will  guide  us  in  dis-  i 
covering  tlie  \vby  or  whciefuro  of  tho  diffcroucc  | 
in  the  hardiness  of  tho  two;  still  tliofoet  that 
there  is  a  dilToreucc  i«  iiKlisputahle. 
Tho  sarao  priuciplo  pervatles  all  of  Nature's 
production,  and  our  only  sure  guido  in  bvrtic'.d- 
tui'al  mattcr.'j  is  tu  .'i;,sumo  to  kno  w  nothing  posi¬ 
tively  until  it  has  boon  learned  by  expoiiencc. 
Of  course  tho  discoveries  of  one  man  may  an¬ 
swer  us  a  guide  to  thousamls  of  others,  thereby 
saving  loss  of  time  in  conducting  individual  c\- 
perimonte ;  but  wo  must  not  overlook  tho  futd 
that  varialious  .‘iro  likely  to  occur  witli  every 
change  of  soil  or  locution. 
It  may  appoiu:  somewhat  anomulons  that  a 
raspberry  which  succeeds  perfectly  in  the  rigor¬ 
ous  clhuaio  of  Caiiadii,  or  passes  tho  vvinb.r  uu- 
injmed  ou  tlio  uhon.'s  of  Lakes  Elio  and  Onlitrio, 
fail  jin  llio  lulldor  climate  of  New  Jetx  y.  But 
we  liavo  scores  of  iustaiices  of  tlnMkmd,  not  only 
among raspborrie.j,  but  otlior  familie.sof  what  arc 
termed  hardy  planta-  The  Northern  spiHies  of 
pine,  si)ruco  and  other  Icinds  of  overgiecus  fail 
m  wo  ;ipjiroach  warmer  climates;  but  in  these 
iiistiiiices  Nature  fiu-ni-ihcs  ns  with  an  exeellent 
guido  for  eulUvution  in  the  distribution  of  tlie 
wild  plants  of  hold  and  forest.  We.  find  tho 
liavdy  Norlhoru  species  occuiiyiug  tho  higlnr 
table  laiuls  and  mountidns  as  they  approach  the 
vvanii  climes,  until  they  entirely  disvippear  in  the 
tropic.s  The  Hemlock  Bpnice,  wlidi  funns  tho 
larger  ])urt  of  some  of  the  most  csloiisiv.-  of  our 
Noli  hern  forests,  is  foimd  but  spai  ingly  in  IJie 
vicinity  of  New  Yoak  City,  and  it  in  here  that  we 
tir.st  observe  iiulication-i  among  ciiltivatod  speei- 
moiis  that  this  spedes  i-f  not  quite  at  liome  in  so 
mild  a  olimatc.  Few  of  tho  Itocky  .Mountain 
evergroous  which  thrive  near  tlie  line  of  perpet¬ 
ual  snow  will  thrive  with  us  here;  Ibereforc  wo 
nm.^t  concludo  that  the  same  law  ol  adai-taliuu 
which  prevents  u.s  from  cultivating  the  orange  in 
tho  Northora  States  also  exdudos  the  liejuloek 
and  other  similar  ovwgreens  from  the  Southern. 
From  this  cm-sory  glance  at  the  natural  dis¬ 
tribution  of  Bpecies,  it  is  easy  to  see  how  tiio 
novice  in  horticulturo  maybe  misled  by-  taking 
it  for  granted  tint  because  a  tree  is  hardy  and 
Quccoods  in  Maine  it  will  thrive  in  New  .Jersey  or 
further  iiouth.  '•  Hardy  as  an  oak  and  will 
tlnive  anywhere,"  is  a  Htatonieiit  fn-qu.  utly  ap¬ 
pended  to  the  descriptions  of  new  plants,  but  it 
is  a  somewhat  contradictory  piece  ul  informa¬ 
tion,  for  if  they  are  really  very  hardy  and  of 
Northern  origin  it.  is  pretty  conclusive  evideiux' 
that  theyvvitlbu  vvortliJc.ss  iaavvannereliiimte. 
Thu  natural  guides  to’  success  in  liurticnltnre 
are  abundant,  but  ono  needs  considerable  study 
and  exivcrUmco  to  eu-'iblo  him  to.make  the  ]vrup.  r 
application  and  avoid  being  led  into  utois 
thereby'. 
C'JTTINQ  CIONS  AND  MAKING  CUTTINGS. 
21.— Before  the  cold  of  a  long  winter  has 
weakened  the  vitality  of  the  young  wood  of  trees 
and  vino.s  is  tho  time  to  take  otf  eimis  and  cut¬ 
tings.  With  iiumy  of  the  most  hardy  kinds  tliis 
operation  may  he  defeiTcd  until  spring,  but  it  is 
best  as  a  gcner.vl  rule  to  do  it  iu  the  fall  or  early 
winter.  Wood  intended  for  gr-afting  in  tho 
spring  .should  now'  ho  selocted  from  tho  bost- 
matiuod  shoots  of  tho  past  wa.son’s  growth. 
Tho  shoots  may  he  taken  off  and  left  eiitu'c  ;  but 
if  more  than  13  to  21  inches  long,  they  may  ho 
cut  iu  tho  ceiitov,  and  then  either  tied  in  small 
bundles  or  sproa4  along  iu  shullovv  treucLes,  tho 
lower  ends  being  burioil  in  moist  soil  in  a  cellar, 
or  in  any  other  material  which  will  prevent  them 
from  bccoiniug  dried  or  sluivekd.  If  one  can 
obtain  a  good  quantity  of  sphagna  or  swamp 
moss,  slightly  moist,  tho  cions  may  ho  wrapiied 
in  this, .and  then  pnt  away  in  boxe.s,  where  lliey 
will  bo  kept  eoOl  until  vv;ud.ed  for  use  in  spring. 
Sawdust  and  tan,  both,  are  also  used  for  this 
purpose;  but  I  havo  never  found  anything  equal 
to  moss,  as  it  holds  moisture  for  a  long  time  and 
never  ferments  or  generates  heat  whih'  under¬ 
going  decomposition.  It  is  also  an  excellent 
material  in  which  to  store  cuttings  of  all  kinds  in 
winter.  But  cuttings  of  grapes,  ciirrauts.  goose¬ 
berries  and  various  Idnds  of  hardy  flowering 
shrubs  and  cUmbing  vines,  if  made  now,  may  be 
buried  in  soil,  sand  or  sawdust,  and  stored  in  a 
cellar  or  in  pits  iu  (ho  open  ground. 
Next  sju’inf,'.  after  it  is  too  late  for  talking  off 
cions  [or  cuttings,  thero  will  douhtless  bo  many' 
r..'grettiiig  their  forgelfulnoss  in  this  matter; 
hence  a  hint  at  Hiis  time  riwy  be  of  value  to 
those  who  are  more  or  less  prone  to  be  negli¬ 
gent. 
FREEZING  SEEDS. 
There  are  many  khuls  of  seeds  which  do  not 
grow  freely  unless  exixisod  to  u  freezing  tempera- 
tiu'e  or  considerable  heat.  Thope  natives  of  cold 
climates,  such  as  the  hickory  nut,  black  walnut, 
heavy  locust,  Sluplwrdict.  and  similar  seeds  with 
liHi'd,  horu-liko  coverings,  should  be  expose<!  to 
the  action  of  frost  diuing  vvint<;r,  but  not  iu  a 
dry  sliile,  for  imder  such  a  condition  the  freezing 
would  do  more  htir»i  Uniii  good.  The  best  vviiy 
to  manage  such  sewls  is  to  mix  with  wet  sand 
and  ))iit  in  a  box  or  other  light  vcs.^el,  and  then 
half  or  wholly  bury  in  tlie  ojieii  ground,  but  do 
not  Cover  sodeciitbat  they  will  not  freeze  during 
tho  coldest  weather.  Tliis  appears  to  he.  tlie 
moat  natural  way  of  jvreser  ration,  without  sow¬ 
ing  them  where  the  trees  are  to  grow. 
Fall  planting  will  answer  with  many  kinds,  but 
(here  is  always  more  or  less  danger  of  nutti  and 
edible  seeds  being  destroyed  by  mice  and  other 
vermin,  from  vvliich.  liovvover,  they  are  readily 
protected  when  mij:ed  with  sand  and  kept  in 
boxes.  I  have  known  hickory  and  choBlnuts  to 
he  dug  up  find  carried  off  by  squirrels  and  mice 
during  a  thaw  in  winter;  hence  it  is  best  to 
guard  against  such  dejiredutors. 
xArlioricultuviil, 
ANGTffNO  IN 
Occasionally  an  American  angler  finds  his 
way  to  Norway,  but  it  is  very  seldom.  Henry 
Harheck,  Esq.,  who  lias  spent  two  seasons  there, 
sa.ys: — “  I  leased  a  part  of  a  river  for  salmon 
llshing  in  the  summer  of  1874,  for  whieli  1  p.-iid 
XIO  sterling,  or  about  forty-live  Norvveigiau  dol¬ 
lars;  but  that  is  eheaj),  as  the  best  rivers  fro- 
quently  bring  from  .f40  to  1  believe  I  am 
tho  only  American  angler  who  visits  Norway. 
The  rivers  are  mostly  lishotl  by  Englishiuem  Tho 
climate  is  very  line,  and  t  have  nevi-v  been 
troubled  by  mosipiiloe.s,  or  hlaek  liies,  or  piinkieii, 
1  arrived  at  the  river  the  20th  of  .Tune,  and  it 
I'clng  very  early  iu  the  season  for  that  river  di',1 
not  get  fast  to  b  siiiuion  for  foiU'  day  -t.  Tllat 
was  in  Uie  morning.  In  the  afternoon  the  river, 
or  my  pools,  became  very  muddy,  caused  by  a 
clay  bmdi  wasliiug  away,  which  had  often  taken 
place  tor  many  years.  Then  I  stotipod  tisliing 
and  wont  away  to  another  part  of  tJio  country ; 
came  back  hi  about  a  week  and  the  water  wa.s 
too  high,  but  it  lovvored  itj  a  few'  days,  and  iu 
threo  vveeJss  time  J  killed  aViout  180  iiounds  of 
salmon  and  sea  trout.  Tito  sea  trout  ai'fi  differ¬ 
ent  from  tho  Canadian  trout  hi  their  game  ipiali- 
tios,  they  being  the  strongest  fresh  vviitej'  tisli  I 
ever  saw  of  their  size.  1  caught  none  over  six 
poimd.-i  weight,  ami  us  to  the  siilinoii  in  that  rivei'. 
t  never  saw  inch  strong  ones,  ulthoiigh  I  havo 
lished  wild  rivoi's  iu  Ciiiiuda  and  Ireland.  They 
immediately  take  down  streniu  and  ai'e  like  race 
horses.  They  aro  long  llsh  and  ten'ifle  runners. 
I  never  saw  (Iwir  equal.  The  rivers  differ, 
tliougli ;  in  Konu!  they  are  more  ganiey  than  iu 
others.  'J'hey  were  not  large,  tho  largest  heuig 
only  ole  veil  pomiils;  but  iu  game  I  never  had 
more  spoi  l  with  .a  twirnty  pouiidei'.  They  run 
small  in  that  livc-r,  though.  Tliis  biimiuer,  Ive- 
iiig  hethu'  acquainted  wiUi  the  country,  I  had 
much  heavier  lishiiig  :  but  tho  river  brought  a 
considerable  higher  rental.” 
NOTES  ON  BUDDING  AND  GRAFTING. 
I 
-  I 
The  end  sought  in  propagating  plants  by  tlic 
common  processes  known  as  budding  and  graft¬ 
ing,  is  one  and  the  same,  but  the  operations  are 
quite  distinct.  Budding  as  generally  practiced 
is  pcrforincd  in  sumnicr  or  l  arly  autumn,  wbilo 
the  I'lants  oiwrated  upon  are  growing  on  .just  as 
the  season  of  giovvlh  i.s  ceasing  hut  not  fully 
dosed.  But  ill  grafting  the  operation  is  usually 
jierfoj  nied  while  both  stock  and  cion  are  in  a 
dormant  stab.:,  the  union  between  the  two  taking 
phteo  as  the.  Hitji  begins  to  flow  and  growth  coni- 
monczis  in  spring.  The  viuiou.i  mcthiMls  of  bud¬ 
ding  II  ud  grafting  have  been  so  frequently  des- 
cribed  in  these  columns  that  it  is  jirolmhly  not 
necessary  to  icqieat  them,  hut.  oiu'  object  iu  re¬ 
ferring  to  Uie  subject  at  this  time  is  to  point  out 
to  the  novice  in  horticulture  some  of  the  varin- 
tious  winch  nuiy  bo  jiriicticed  or  rejected  in  these 
methods  of  proirngutioii.  With  new  hogiuners  in 
liny  br.'vnch  of  business  or  profession,  there  i.s 
always  more  or  less  iticUnation  to  make  exjieri- 
meuta  for  tlienisolves,  and  wliile  this  is  com- 
mandablo  to  a  certain  degree,  it  may  lead  to  a 
usolcss  vva.stc  of  time  and  means.  In  propagating 
jilanta  there  are  many  pos.sibil:tita  and  different 
vv.a.vH  of  performing  certain  operations  which  ex¬ 
perience  has  shown  are  not  worthy  of  being  in¬ 
troduced  into  general  practice.  It  may  be  possi¬ 
ble  to  grow  pears  on  thorns  and  mountain  ash 
stocks,  but  is  it  advisable  to  do  so  while  wo  have 
other  kinds  whicli  are  fur  hotter.  Then  again, 
vvetind  that  tlio  ordinary  methods  of  grafting 
may  be  practiced  successfully  upon  certain  kinds 
of  stocks  and  not  upon  others,  lienee  tlie  advisa¬ 
bility  of  roBortiug  to  budding  where  grafting  is 
less  siu'c  or  more  exiw  nsivc. 
STOCKING  STREAMS  WITH  TROUT. 
Br.ru  tiUEEN  vnites  from  UoehcKtcr,  N.  N.,  to 
Forest  and  Stream  as  follows In  answer  to 
your  inquiries  as  to  how  I  know  onr  depleted 
tiout  streams  can  he  stocked  again  and  be  made 
:i  siicet-ss,  1  will  explain.  In  the  year  1871 
Charles  Upton,  a  banker  iu  this  ifliiee,  bought  a 
small,  played  out  trout  stream  about  one  mile 
long.  1  put  4,(ifM)  young  brook  trout  one  iiicli 
long  in  the  stream.  Ihu'ing  tho  summer  of  1872 
the  crock  was  alive  with  yearUiig  tiuut.  In  1873 
Ml'.  Upton  commenced  fishing  for  them.  He 
would  go  out  at  3  1’.  M.,  after  banli  hours,  and 
Ills  tako  would  be  from  50  to  100  dm'iiig  tho  af- 
leuoon,  and  in  1874  his  take  would  be  from  20  to 
GO  tlu'ce  year  old  trout,  and  in  187.5  his  tako  was 
from  5  to  19.  A  good  many  of  tho  1875  take 
wore  pound  flsh.  Caro  should  bo  taken  in  put¬ 
ting  young  trout  iu  ti'ont  Btreams.  and  to  not 
put  iu  any  more  than  there  is  food  for.  They 
feed  on  all  kinds  of  small  animalculie  and  larviu 
of  small  flies.  I  have  just  returned  fi  om  tho 
low'er  end  of  Ijako  Ontario.  1  have  liad  great 
success  iu  gathering  salmon  trout  spawn.  I  shall 
have  some  millions  to  distribute  next  spring. 
People  engaged  in  fish  cultru'c  are  inv  ited  to 
communicate  the  ro.sults  of  theii'  obseiwation  and 
cxiierienco  for  tlie  henelit  of  Rra.vi.  readers. 
PUnOING  ANO  nRAFTifia  APPLES. 
Apjile  stocks  are  so  readily  raised  from  seed 
that  other  kinds  aro  seldom  eniployed  cxcejit 
vvlien  dwarf  trees  for  garden  cultiu'e  ai'«  re¬ 
quired,  then  tho  Piiriidise  or  Doucain  apple  are 
used  in.Hlcad.  The  latter  are  very  dwarf  or  low- 
growing  species,  or  iK.-rhaps  varieties,  of  the  com¬ 
mon  ajiple,  and  the  sort.'  worked  njion  them  as¬ 
sume  the  dwarf  hnhif  of  tho  stock,  hence  the 
common  mmie  of  Dwarf,  or  Bush,  apples.  Now 
it  is  iiossible  to  make  (he  apple  to  gi'ovv  on  quite 
u  variety  of  stocks,  hut  t.lio  tlu'ce  named  are  con¬ 
sidered  he.st  fo>  general  pniqioses. 
The  stocks  may  be  budded  in  sununer  or  graft¬ 
ed  in  .Hpring,  as  statuling  in  the  nursery  rows ; 
hut  the  method  most  generally  practiced  is  to 
take  nji  tho  stocks  iu  fall  and  then  graft  upon 
tlie  roots  during  the  winter,  iilantiug  out  in 
spring.  Grafting  njiplo  stocks  m  w'imer  affords 
the  propagator  an  opportunitv'  of  increasing  his 
stock  more  r.apidly  and  at  loss  expense  than  if  he 
hud  to  depend  upon  budding  or  grafting  tho 
stooka  while  stautliug  iu  (he  nursery,  *ud  the 
trees  propagated  in  this  manner  aro  witJiout 
doubt  fully  as  good. 
PEARS. 
Pears  may  bo  worked  upon  apples— any  of  the 
species  of  thorns,  (Vrategiis,')  raoimtain  ash.  Co- 
toueastem.  quince,  and  various  other  kinds  of 
stocks ;  but  tho  Bocdling  iwar  for  standard  trees 
and  the  quince  for  dw  urf.s,  aro  now  generally  em- 
jiloyej  for  this  pirpose  and  conaidcred  the  most 
huital.le.  J’ear  stocks  may  be  grafted  in  winter 
the  siuiio  as  those  of  the  apple,  but  budding  in 
simimer  is  usually  tlio  prefcniblo  niwle,  and  the 
same  is  true  when  using  quince  stocks  for  dwarf 
trees. 
Certain  varieties  of  jK'ors  snewed  well  on  tho 
quince  stock,  vvliile  others  do  not,  and  we  may 
seek  to  know  why  the  difforence  without  discov¬ 
ering  it.  For  jnstanoe,  tlie  Bartlett  will  seldom 
form  a  good,  pennanent  union  with  a  quince 
stock,  there  npix.aring  to  be  only  a  temporary 
uniting  of  the  ceils  of  the  two ;  but  the  Yicar  of 
Winkticld  and  some  others  vvliich  might  be  named 
will  take  to  tlio  quince  almost  as  readily  and  firmly 
as  upon  stocks  of  its  own  kind.  Tho  discovery 
that  the  wood  of  one  variety  of  pears  united 
readily  with  the  quince.  vviiUe  aiiotlicr  would  not, 
led  t«  tho  introduction  of  wliat  are  tcrnie<l 
"  douVilc- worked  dwarfs,”  vvliich  aro  ]>rod  need  iis 
follows :  Tho  first  season  the  quince  stock  is 
budded  with  some  vigorous  growing  variety  oU 
pear  like  the  Vicar  of  Winkticld.  which  is  known 
tu  form  a  iici'fect  union  with  the  quince;  tho 
next  spring  the  bud,  in  tho  usual  oourse.  pro¬ 
duces  a  Btroiig  liliool.  sevoi'al  feet  iu  hight.  In 
tho  latter  part  of  Kummci'  or  at  the  proper  time, 
a  bud  from  another  variety — say,  for  instunce, 
tho  Bartletf-^is  ius'crlcd  into  the  pear  shoot  about 
I  six  inches  above  its  junction  witli  tho  quince. 
This  bud,  of  coiu'se.  uiiite.s  readily  with  woixl  of 
its  own  kind,  and  next  spring  the  entire  slioot 
above  it  is  remov  td  and  the  inserted  bud  pushes 
into  growth,  forming  the  tree  proper.  Now  in 
this  case  vve  have  a  quince  root  or  stock,  then  six 
inches  of  a  Vicar  of  Winkticld  pear  stem,  a.nd 
the  remainder,  or  bearing  portion  of  the  tree,  is 
.<v  Bartlett. 
I  The  e  double-worked  trees  were  once  quite 
popular,  and  are  really  worth  all  the  cost  when¬ 
ever  dwarf  pears  are  cnltivatcd  extensively  or 
solely.  This  same  principle  of  donble-vvorldng, 
might  be  introduced  into  other  fields  of  horticul¬ 
ture  with  bcnclieial  results. 
PEACHES,  PLUMS  AND  CHERRIES. 
Not  long  sinc«  wo  received  an  inquiry  from  a 
novice  iu  pomology,  asldng  if  be  could  not  dig 
up  his  peach  stocks  and  root-graft  them  In  win¬ 
ter,  tho  same  as  practiced  with  apples.  Of  course 
such  an  exiieriment  would  certaiuly  end  in  a  dis- 
asti'ous  failure,  and  no  one  but  a  novice  vvouid 
desiic  to  tiy  such  an  experiment.  We  prefer 
u.siiig  seedling  stoehs  and  budding  in  summer  for 
all  the  three  kinds  lust  named,  although  grafting 
plums  and  clicn'ics  canbcdoiicijuitesnccessfulJy 
in  our  northern  climate.  ] ’caches  may  be  worked 
u]ion  ])lum  stocks  and  vice  ■mrsa.  although  it  is 
seldom  advisable  to  do  so.  There  arc  several 
distinct  sivecieB  of  native  jilmns,  all  of  which  may 
be  emjiloycd  for  stocks  upon  which  to  work  the 
choice  improveil  sorts.  Tlie  dwarf  Beech  Pliuii 
(f  'l'imv.s  answers  well  as  a  stock  for 
dwai  fs,  while  tliC  (Jhicliasavv  and  V  ild  Red  plum 
answer  well  for  standards. 
In  propagating  the  cherry  by  budding  and 
grafting,  we  nieot  sonio  natural  barriers,  which 
prevent  an  indiscriminate  inter-working  of  tho 
various  specie-^.  Of  thoso  boajing  edible  fruit 
both  tho  foreign  and  native  may  be  divided  into 
two  classca.  or  aub-gcntg'ii,  one  producing  flowers 
in  umbels  or  clusters,  and  the  others  In  racemes. 
Now  all  the  hjiecioa  and  varieties  in  either  may 
be  budded  or  grafted  upon  cucli  other ;  but  tho 
I  wood  of  those  beai'ing  flowers  in  clusters  seem  to 
have  no  affinity  for  those  with  flowers  in  racomci-’. 
Now  Jf  the  norico  in  Pomology  keep  this  fact  iu 
mind,  he  wfll  havo  no  occasion  to  ask  if  tliis  or 
I  that  species  of  wild  cherry  can  be  employed  as 
stocks  for  ccrt.un  cultivated  varieties.  To  mako 
this  point  tilain.  wo  will  name  tho  principal  spe- 
I  cies  iu  both. 
FIOWERS  IN  CLUSTERS. 
Tile  common  Garden  Rwl  or  Morello  cherry 
;  (Pruuer  fV)'a.s!i.-{)  and  all  its  variou.s  varieties, 
TTic  English  clicn'y  or,  a.H  nioro  generally  called , 
Mazzard,  ( /’.  nviuhi,')  tho  parent  of  our  largo 
sweet  v'lU'ietios.  The  wild  form,  or  Mazzard,  is 
found  growing  wild  in  the  hedges  lUK^evenw'oofls 
of  the  Ea.stern  States,  tho  seeds  having  been  dis¬ 
tributed  by  birds  from  cultiv.ated  trees.  Wild 
Red  cherry  ( /’.  is  a  small  tree 
found  iu  rocky  wootls  in  (he  Northeni  and  Middle 
Rtales.  The  fniit  is  small,  red  and  quite  acid. 
The  Dwarf  clicrry  (i'.  pinnlUi)  ia  a  small  shnib 
growing  only  two  or  three  feet  high,  forming 
large  clumps.  Flowers  small,  white,  succeeded  by 
a  ilark,  purplish-black  fruit  a  linlHncIi  iu  diem- 
otcr  and  of  a  sweetish,  rotlior  insipid  taste.  TTio 
roots  are  of  reddish  color,  covered  with  numerous 
buds  from  which  spring  many  suckers. 
FLOWERS  IN  RACEMES. 
Wild  Black  cherry  \P.  serolina)  is  too  woU 
known  to  need  description,  growing  to  a  large 
tree,  tho  wood  of  which  i.s  extensively  used  by 
cabinet  makers. 
Choko  cherry  (/',  Virginiana)  is  also  well 
known  and  common  almost  anywliero  in  tho 
Northern  and  Southern  States.  A  small  tree  or 
large  shrub,  with  dark,  astringent  fruit. 
Small  Bird  cherry  of  Europe  {P.  Padus)  ia 
somotimoB  cultiv'ated  for  ornament  in  this  coun¬ 
try  ;  rosemhles  our  Choko  cherry,  hut  tlio  ra- 
ccniOBaro  larger  and  the  fruit  usuahy.of  a  hghter 
color. 
Now  when  any  of  oiu'  readers  write  to  us  ask¬ 
ing  if  wild  chem-  BcedJiugs  can  bo  used  as  stocks 
for  tlio  cultivated  soi-ts,  they  cau  seo  how  difficult 
it  is  to  answer  this  question  unless  we  knew  to 
what  particular  species  they  refer. 
- -»  <-■» - 
THE  LADY  APPLE. 
This  beautiful  little  dessert  apjilo,  the  Poinu  i> 
d'Api  of  the  Froiicii,  may  often  lie  seen  in  tlie 
windows  of  the  fruiterers'  shops  iu  Covent  Gar¬ 
den,  where  it.s  handsome  fonn  and  brilliant  col¬ 
ors  never  fail  to  excite  admiration.  It  is  by  no 
means  a  nev.'  apple ;  on  llio  contrary,  it  was  once 
said  to  L'o  known,  and  appreciated  in  the  lime  of 
Piuiy.  It,  is  now  thought  to  havo  been  orighially 
a  French  apple,  obtained  from  a  wild  variety 
found  in  Ibe  forest  of  Apis,  in  Bretagno.  In 
Normandy  it  was  well  know'n  hi  1090,  and  was 
known  as  Gros  Apis  and  Long-bois.  Tho  fruit 
of  this  apple,  which  should  bo  gathered  as  lata 
as  possible,  should  bo  thiuned  whore  it  ia  too 
thick,  and,  above  all,  should  be  as  much  exposed 
to  tho  sun  as  possible,  so  as  to  give  it  color.  So 
well  does  it  adliero  to  the  ti'ee  that  it  will  bravo, 
without  falling,  the  strongest  winds.  This  applo 
Bhould  lie  eaten  with  its  skin  on,  this  having  so 
agi'ooable  a  perfume  that  wo  can  hardly  afford 
1 1  dispense  with  it,  It  is  largely  grown  in  tho 
United  States,  and  always  commands  a  higher- 
price  than  any  other  fancy  apple  in  the  market. 
In  this  country  it  vvouid,  doubtleas,  sucoced  vv'cll 
under  orchard-house  culture,  on  the  Paradiso 
stock,  or  in  the  open  air. — (?-  in  JMndon  Garden. 
- 4  ♦  ♦ - ^ - 
Pr.airie  farmer.s  should  plant  wood-lots  as  soon 
as  they  get  their  farms  fenced. 
