MOORE’S  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
by  such  pomologists  as  EUwanger  &  Barry,  the 
Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  Hovey  <fe  Co.,  Moody 
&  Bon,  and  others  noted  for  their  exten.sivo  col¬ 
lections,  let  him  attend  one  session  of  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Pomological  Society,  and  ho  will  loam  that 
these  very  nion  are  caroftil  to  warn  Inm  to  let 
abont  nine  out  of  Urn  of  all  the  sorts  they  hare 
exhibited  Bcvei'ely  alone.  In  other  words,  as 
scientific  pomologists,  they  place  themselves 
‘  straight  on  the  record but  in  business  they 
not  there,  but  I  had  a  good  opportunity  to  see 
the  wonderful  changes  that  had  been  made — 
large  bams  full  of  first  and  second  crop  hay — 
enough  to  winter  between  seventy-five  and  one- 
hundred  head  of  stock-  I  saw  a  herd  of  fifty 
milch  cows  whose  task  it  was  to  make  fifty  cans 
of  milk  daily,  in  as  good  fall  feed  as  I  ever  saw, 
gathering  the  best  of  material  from  which  to 
make  it.  The  men  were  at  work  plowing,  ma¬ 
nuring  and  rc-seediiig  an  old  pastiu’e. 
L0CU8TS-E0BINIA  DISSECTA 
The  Locusts  are  greatly  neglected  as  orna¬ 
mental  trees  for  lawns  because  their  natural 
form  is  not  attractive.  A  maximmn  of  long 
branches  and  a  minimnin  of  foliage,  always  con¬ 
spicuous  in  mitural  sjMJcimens,  atid  the  foraiidahle 
thorns  tlmt  invest  many  of  the  specicH  seem  to  in¬ 
dicate  hedges  and  obscurg  situations  ns  their  fit¬ 
ting  plao«.*.  Cutting  back  the  main  hranohee  of 
young  trees,  however,  will  convert  tlieir  nude 
branches  and  scanty  foliage  into  a  tliick,  sjjread- 
ing  head  that,  covered  in  s]3ring  and  summer  with 
pendulous  lacemes  of  white,  rose  and  yellow 
flowers,  is  in  no  way  inferior  to  the  habit  and 
leafage  of  many  rarer  trees  which  are  valued 
more  highly. 
Rdbinia  pmul-acacia  inermis  is  a  beautiful 
thoruloss  species,  with  narrow  leaflets  and  a  nat¬ 
urally  round,  thick  head,  well  adapted  to  shrub¬ 
beries  of  the  larger  class  and  quite  pleasing  and 
elegant  as  isolated  sj)ecimenH  upon  Uic  lawn.  A 
number  of  other  species  and  varieties  are  men¬ 
tioned  in  catalogues — c.  g..  R  Iiff<»oniann,  beUa 
rosea,  spletulens  and  Gkditschia  sinensis  iner- 
mvs,  to  wluch  we  call  the  attention  of  those  who 
are  stnidying  over  seloctionB  for  spring,  as  well 
worthy  of  consideration. 
Robinia  dleaecta,  a  branch  of  which  is  repre¬ 
sented  in  tlie  engraving  which  we  copy  from  the 
Revue  llorticole,  prosents  an  instance  of  dimorph¬ 
ism  as  shown  in  the  two  distinct  forms  of  leaves. 
“The  origin  of  this  remarkable  variety  of  the 
common  Robinia  in  unknown.  It  fonns  a  shrub 
or  low  tree,  the  branclie.s  and  hrigs  of  which  are 
small,  short,  and  very  numerous.  Its  aiipoarance 
reminds  one  of  trcc.s,  the  leaves  of  which  have 
been  oabm  by  caterpillars  and  have  thus  been  re- 
dnc<Hl  almost  to  mid-ribs.  In  this,  which  may 
bo  said  to  be  the  nonnol  state  of  the  plant,  no 
flowers  are  prc)duccd ;  hut  wherever  any  branches 
assume  the  characteristicii  which  belong  to  the 
tjrpo _ a  circumstance  which  rarely  hai^pens — 
they  produce  blossoms  in  abundance,  as  shown 
in  the  illustration." 
JROjBIIVIjA 
are  compelled  to  pamper  to  the  foolish  wliims  of 
their  customers.” 
Mr.  PtfTXASi  also  tolls  his  own  oxperionoe  on  a 
20  acre  farm  bought  1ji  the  spring  of  1874  and 
badly  run. 
Jly  a);ricultural  creed  is  this : — I  believe  growth 
and  decay  of  vegetable  matter  to  he  nature’s 
tnetliod  of  fertilization;  I  believe  the  manure 
from  a  ton  of  bay  nsod  in  making  milk,  wlthont 
any  assistance  from  the  grain  dealer  or  druggist, 
will,  if  carefully  saved  and  properly  applied  to 
the  land  on  which  the  liay  was  rais^,  grow 
another  ton  of  hay  annually  and  constantly  as 
long  as  land  lasts  and  grass  gro^v8.  I  believe 
tlie  manure  from  two  tons  of  hay  or  grain  not 
grown  upon  a  form,  but  bought  and  fed  on  the 
farm,  will,  at  the  end  of  six  yeai-s  from  the  time 
the  manure  is  applied,  inci'easo  the  productive 
capacity  of  the  farm  one  ton  of  hay  annually, 
and  by  projwir  cure  that  productiveness  can  be 
made  to  maintain  itself  to  the  end  of  time.  I 
say  six  years,  because  it  is  six  years  or  more  be¬ 
fore  the  crops  got  all  there  is  of  good  barn 
manure.  1  believe  tlie  greener  the  manure  the 
longer  it  lasts,  and  the  better  it  is  for  grass 
growing.  It  takes  two  tons  of  hay  grown  off 
from  the  farm  to  equal  one  grown  on  it,  because, 
as  fai‘  as  fertilization  is  concerned,  the  roots 
and  Rtnhble  are  about  equal  to  thii  tops.  Having 
faith  in  this  creed  and  in  my  ability  to  save  and 
apply  the  niiinuro,  I  was  confident  Uiat  if  for  two 
years  I  fed  upon  the  faim,  in  hay  and  grain, 
each  year,  as  much  more  as  the  farm  produped, 
at  the  end  of  six  years  the  productive  capacity  of 
the  farm  would  be  doubled  by  thoiiC  two  year,s  of 
extra  feeding ;  therefore  I  dotermined  to  use 
the  credit  of  the  fanu,  and  feed  double,  I  w'cnt 
to  the  miller  and  asked  him  if  lie  wished  to  sell 
me  meal  on  a  credit  of  fortj-live  days,  thereby 
giving  mo  a  chance  to  make  the  milk  pay  for  the 
meal  from  which  it  w  its  pai  tly  made ;  he  said 
yes.  A  stock  dealer  came  to  me  and  Raid  he 
would  like  to  hcII  nio  milch  cows.  I  said,  if  I 
buy,  it  w  ill  not  be  convenient  for  me  to  pay  for 
them  unlil  I  sell  some  that  I  am  fatting.  He 
replied,  “if  you  buy  cows  from  me,  you  can  pay 
for  them  w'hen  it  is  convenient  for  you  to  do  so." 
A  man  came  to  mo  and  said,  “  if  you  want  to 
buy  hay,  I  should  like  to  .supply  you.”  I  said,  if 
I  buy  hay,  I  can’t  promise  to  pay  for  it  until  I 
get  the  money  for  tlie  milk  I  make  from  the 
grass  I  grow  with  the  mamu-e  I  make  from  your 
bay.  He  said,  “all  right.”  I  engaged  ton  or 
twelve  tons,  and  paid  him  before  he  cut  his  next 
crop  of  hay. 
From  the  first  of  April,  1874,  to  the  first  of 
April.  1875,  I  produced  forty  thousand  quarts  of 
milk.  I  bought  both  hay  and  gi’ain,  hut  I  think 
this  twenty  aero  farm  can  be  made  to  produce 
forty  thousand  quarts  of  milk  annually,  feed  the 
horses  that  do  the  work  and  not  buy  eitlier  hay. 
gi  ain  01  mantu'C.  I  am  confident  that  if  I  con¬ 
tinue  to  make  that  amount  of  milk,  save  and 
apply  the  maniu-e,  as  I  am  now  doing,  that  in 
TOO  MANY  VARIETIES, 
The  following  article  from  the  N.  Y.  Weekly 
Sun  expresses  ideas  which  tlioso  intending  to 
plant  fruit  of  any  kind  should  heed ; 
“Ninety  persons  out  of  everj'  hundred  who 
set  out  trws  for  home  use  or  for  market  indulge 
in  too  many  varieties.  This  one  fatal  enor  has 
ruined  more  fruit  growers  than  all  other  causes 
comhlued.  Nurserjuiien  propagate  their  hun¬ 
dreds  and  tliousands  of  sorts  simply  because  a 
majority  of  their  customers  do  not  know  whut 
they  want  and  will  not  take  the  adrtco  of  those 
who  do.  The  prevailing  passion  with  the  novice 
in  fruit  culture  Is  to  try  a.-)  many  varieties  as 
possible;  and  wo  havo  known  men  who  had 
“just  begun,’’  and  with  veiy  little  capital,  to  go 
into  a  nursery  and  undertake  to  make  a  short 
purse  go  a  long  way  by  purchasing  a  tree  or  two 
of  each  variety,  instead  of  aiding  the  wiser  part, 
selecting  from  a  number  of  trees  a  few  of  the 
very  best. 
“Wc  havo  also  seen  tlie  same  thing  done  in 
purchasing  flowering  plants,  and  our  florists  try 
to  acconunodate  their  customers ;  hence  the  im¬ 
mense  number  of  varieties  kept  for  sail?.  It  is 
well  enough  for  nnrseiymcn  to  try  all  the  new 
sorts,  to  find  out  which  are  the  best,  as  it  Is  [lai  t 
of  their  business ;  but  the  man  w-ho  cnlrivates 
fruit  for  profit  had  better  confine  himself  to  only 
a  few,  and  those  known  to  be  adapted  to  his  soil 
and  climate.  Our  pomological,  hoi  ticultural  and 
aoricultural  societies  ai’o  perhaps  somewhat  at 
fault  in  this  matter,  for  they  invariably  offer  the 
largest  premium  for  the  greatest  number  of  va¬ 
rieties,  and  it  is  not  strange  that  there  should  be 
some  strife  for  tlie  highest  prize.  'The  man 
who  only  exliihit.s  a  dozen  varieties  of  pears  by 
the  side  of  another  who  spreads  out  a  collection 
of  200  or  300  appears  to  be  rather  ‘  .-iniaU  pota¬ 
toes,’  although  he  may  he  in  reality  Uie  more 
extensive  cultivator  of  Um  two,  and  deserves 
more  credit  for  imsscsslng  wisdom  enough  to 
avoid  Buch  indiscriminate  planting  of  second- 
rate  sorts.  The  groat  n  amber  of  varieties  cer¬ 
tainly  make  a  good  show  on  the  exhibition  tables, 
and  sound  well  in  print,  but  this  is  all  that  can 
be  fluid  in  their  favor. 
“  Wfi  havo  been  all  tlmmgh  this  variety  fever, 
from  a  thousand  jx'ar  trees  down  to  a  thousand 
sorts  of  strawbeiTies ;  therefori'  we  can  s]ieak 
from  ©xpericuee.  If  our  own  w  as  not  enougli  to 
couvlncc  US  of  the  folly  of  jdnnting  too  great  a 
number  of  varieties,  that  of  hundreds  of  others 
who  liave  had  a  similar  experience  would  stand 
out  as  a  warning  against  it. 
•*  Now.  the  novice  in  fruit  oultnro  need  not  be 
misled  if  he  wfil  only  seek  luLice  from  those 
competent  to  give  it,  and  none  offer  a  better 
article  in  this  line  tlian  the  veiy  men  who  have 
cultivated  the  greatest  number  of  sorts.  After 
a  man  has  become  bewildered  over  the  immense 
number  of  varictios  of  fruits  frequently  exliibited 
BARKING  TREES  BY  RABBITS, 
A  coEKESPONDENT  Of  the  Weekly  Granger 
says: — •'  I  have  a  recipe  to  prevent  the  foraging 
of  rabbits  on  young  fruit  trees.  I  have  practiced 
it  for  eighteen  years,  and  I  know  it  to  be  a  spe¬ 
cific.  I  intendeil  to  have  given  it  to  the  public 
every  winter  since  1  proved  it  by  experioient, 
but  somehow  1  have  hitherto  failed.  I  was  re¬ 
cently  reminded  of  it  by  reivding  a  lengthy, 
troublesome  and  ex])enHive  remedy.  Mine  is 
simplo  and  easy.  First,  catch  a  rabbit  and  kill  it. 
I'll  gnaiantee  that  it.  mil  quit  its  depredations, 
but  its  influence  is  not  done  yet.  Cut  it  open 
and  take  out  the  bowels,  lungs,  liver,  etc.,  and 
nib  them  on  the  young  trees  as  high  as  a  rabbit 
can  reach  ;  wlien  you  get  tlu'ough  with  that,  cut 
a  piece  of  the  flesli,  a  quarter  for  instance,  and 
rub  till  you  get  thi’ough.  One  rabbit  is  sufiicieiit 
for  five  huudi-ed  teeos,  and  it  will  last  all  through 
the  winter.  1  havo  rubbed  them  so  in  November, 
and  a  rabbit  will  not  touch  it  all  through  the 
winter,  provided  you  had  no  tai*  or  grease  pro- 
rtonsly  on  them.” 
RECRUITING  A  RUN-DOWN  FARM 
Axski.  W.  Potxam  in  New  England  Farmer 
gives  the  following  history  of  a  successful  at¬ 
tempt  to  reclaim  a  worn-out  farm : 
Twcn(y-livo  years  ago  I  was  living  in  tJie  town 
of  Lexington,  -Muss.,  and  mailing  milk  for  Boston 
niaiitet.  Near  me  was  a  largo  run-down  farm. 
It  was  afterwards  bought  by  an  acquaintance,  a 
Boston  man.  who  had  made  money  liy  manufac¬ 
turing  chemicals,  llo  bought  the  farm  for  the 
purpose  of  maliiug  milk,  lie  filled  his  barns  full 
of  miUi  mucliiues,  such  ns  arc  for  sale  at  Brigh¬ 
ton,  and  then  boiigld  raw  material  for  the  ma¬ 
chines  to  make  milk  from ;  he  used  the  refuse  to 
grow  more  material.  Abont  five  years  ago  a 
mutual  acqiiaiiitanco  told  mo  tlie  results  as  they 
were  given  t<i  liini  by  llic  owner.  At  that  time 
the  fiinn.  stock  and  tools  had  cost  him  820,000; 
lie  sold  tlie  jirevions  year  87,500  worth  of  iniUc ; 
bis  expcuflcs  were  85,500,  leaving  82,000  profit, 
or  Ion  per  cent,  iiiterest  upon  his  inveatment. 
I  was  well  acquainted  iritli  the  fanu  twenty- 
five  years  ago,  having  bought  standing  grass 
sold  at  auction  when  the  farm  was  iu  the  care  of 
an  administrator.  1  think  its  estimated  capacity 
at  that  lime  was  seven  cow.s,  a  yoke  of  oxc-n  and 
one  horse.  Four  years  ago,  at  the  time  of  the 
Concord  cMtle  show,  I  spent  a  few  days  in  Lex¬ 
ington,  auu  visited  the  farm.  The  owner  was 
JAN.  4 
five  or  six  years,  or  as  soon  as  I  begin  to  get  the 
full  benefit  of*  the  extra  manime  I  have  already 
made,  the  farm  wiU  give  me  all  I  need  to  make 
my  allowance  of  milk.  That  is  the  point  I  am 
working  for,  the  top  of  the  hiU  I  am  cubing.  I 
am  satisfied  that,  as  I  am  situated,  I  can  make 
manure  for  leBs  than  one-half  of  what  I  can  buy 
fltablo  iiiamire  for. 
©he  ^uim^-§^ili. 
PORK  AS  AN  ARTICLE  OF  FOOD. 
If  we  examine  the  case  from  an  impartial  and 
unbiased  standpoint,  and  divest  all  that  has  been 
said  against  pork  and  porkers  from  everything 
that  ih  imaginary  nr  not  true,  and  take  the  fanat- 
ici.sBi,  the  idiosyncraciea  and  the  ignorance  of 
those  lecturers  and  ivriterH,  for  simply  that  which 
they  doflen'e,  we  shall  find,  first,  tliat  pork  is  not 
a  contemptible,  useless,  unwholesome  and  unsub¬ 
stantial  article  of  food ;  and  a  man  who  has  to 
do  n  hard  day’s  work,  and  haa  to  eat  his  bread  in 
the  sweat  of  his  face,  does  by  no  means  despise 
it.  but  prefers  it  very  often  to  the  choicest  beef 
or  mutton.  Tliis  is  but  natural,  for  pork  fur- 
nishoH  more  uhnost  than  anything  el^,  not  only 
of  the  element*  required  to  support  the  respira¬ 
tory  process,  but  also  those  which  are  principally 
needed  by  the  organism  of  a  laboring  man  to  re¬ 
pair  the  continual  organic  waste  of  material,  as 
modified  and  increased  by  hard  labor.  It  Ls  true, 
pork  can  be  too  fat,  or  bo  too  badly  served  or 
prepared  by  the  cook  to  be  tasty,  oven  to  the 
palate  of  a  laboring  man ;  but  so  can  beef  and 
mutton,  and  everything  else,  an  can  he  found 
out  very  easily  in  certain  hoai'ding  houses. 
Neither  is  pork  so  very  unaubatantial  an  article 
of  food  as  some  of  thoso  writers  am!  lecturers 
are  anxious  to  make  us  believe.  While  the  body 
of  almost  every  other  domesticated  mammal  con¬ 
tains  between  sixty-six  and  soventy-flve  per  cent, 
of  water,  tbo  body  of  a  fat  pig  contained,  accord¬ 
ing  to  analysis  made  in  the  Royal  Agricultural 
College  at  Eldeua,  iu  Pimssia,  only  45.3  per  cent., 
and  the  remainder,  the  water-free  substauce, 
contained  20.1  per  cent,  of  protein  substances, 
77.1  per  oeiit.  of  fat  and  8  per  cent,  of  mineral 
Bubstancos.  It  is  true  that  pork  is  not  so  rich  in 
nitrogen  as  beef  for  instance,  but  it  is  not  nitro¬ 
gen  alone  that  is  required  in  the  food. 
Pork,  of  course,  is  not  always  of  the  Bamo 
quality.  Its  firmness  or  softness,  and  olllnesB, 
respectively,  depend,  first,  upon  tlie  breed  of  the 
animal,  and  secondly,  upon  the  kind  of  food  with 
which  the  same  have  been  fattened.  As  a  gene¬ 
ral  rule,  the  small  breeds  of  hogs,  but  eapecially 
the  small  Chinese  and  East  Indian  pigs,  and  the 
pigs  of  Naples  and  their  descendants,  hare  a 
much  softer  pork  than  the  larger  breeds  of  Eng¬ 
land  and  of  Central  Europe  and  their  descend¬ 
ants.  The  Ho-called  improved  breeds  produce  a 
Ikm  pork,  containing  a  good  deal  of  muscle. 
The  food  also  causes  considerable  difference  in 
tho  quality  of  the  pork.  Barley  produces  the 
firmest  and  moat  solid  pork,  and  oats  p’oduoe  the 
HOl'te.st— oven  softer  and  more  oily  than  that  pro¬ 
duced  by  feeding  corn.  The  fat  of  hogs  fat¬ 
tened  with  barley  becomes  fluid  at  105.8  deg. 
F.,  and  the  fat  of  hogs  fattened  with  oats,  at 
100.4  deg.  F.  The  former,  when  fluid,  stiffens  in 
one  hour  at  a  tempera  tine  of  89.6  deg.  F.,  and 
the  lattci'  ia  hours  at  a  temperature  of  75.2 
deg.  P.  Consequently,  one  wno  prefers  very 
sohd  pork  must  choose  a  pig  of  a  large  breed 
and  must  fatten  tt  with  baiiev,  and  one  who  de- 
su-esliis  pork  soft  may  select' a  smell  breed  and 
I'utlcn  the  same  with  corn  or  with  oats. 
It  may  he  w  ell  to  remark  here  that  tlie  feeding 
«i  iiiucli  salt  (chloride  of  sodiunij  is  hijnrious  to 
nigs,  and  interfcreB  with  their  growUi  and  with 
the  procosB  of  fattening.  Investigating  further, 
we  wiaU  find,  secondly,  that  iiigs  are  much  bet¬ 
ter  than  their  reputation,  ana  have  done,  and  are 
doing,  much  more  for  numkiml  than  mankind 
lias  done  or  is  doing  for  tJicru.  Fir  st,  there  is 
no  domesticated  animal  that  is,  as  a  general  rule, 
so  much  neglected  by  its  owner,  and  left  to  its 
reBonrees,  before  it  is  fattened  for  the  ahambles, 
as  a  i>ig.  and  still  tberc  is  no  other  animal  that 
converts  its  food  so  soon  into  foml  tor  human 
beings.  Becondly.  a  pig  is  an  omnivoroua  ani¬ 
mal;  that  is,  cun  live  and  Oirive  on  both  animal 
and  vegetable  substances  ;  is  not  very  particular, 
and  consumes  with  some  relish  almost  any  offal 
from  the  table,  from  the  dairy  and  from  the 
kitchen  and  garden,  which  can  scarcely  be  util¬ 
ized  In  any  other  way,  with  which  it  eats  the 
grain  of  the  field,  the  grass  and  clover  of  the 
pasture  and  the  acorns  of  the  forest.  Therefore, 
almost  any  family  can  raise  and  fatten  one  or 
two  pigs  with  scarcely  any  expense  whatever. 
Thii-oly,  pigs  are  accused  of  Leing  dirty  and 
filthy, 'and  fond  of  wallowing  in  the  mud.  This 
is  a  calumny,  for  scarcely  any  of  our  domestic 
animals  lieeps  ita  stall  and  its  bedding  as  clean 
as  a  pig,  provided  the  latter  is  not  compelled  by 
the  carelessness  or  by  the  ignorance  of  ite  owner 
to  sleep  and  to  deproot  its  excrements  at  the  same 
place,  Wt  ia  provided  with  a  good,  dry,  warm, 
well-littered  and  well-ventilated  pen  to  sleep  in, 
and  with  a  vaixl  which  it  can  walk  into  at  its  owm 
pleasure.  Sfurther,  there  is  no  animal  that  is 
more  fond  of  being  brushed,  nfbbod,  washed 
and  petted,  or  that  enjoya  a  good  bath  in  clean, 
fresh  and  coni  water  as  much  aa  docs  a  pig,  es¬ 
pecially  in  the  summer,  when  a  daily  bath  is  so 
essential  to  the  health  of  the  animal.  A  pig  takes 
a  bath  in  a  mud  pond  only  when  no  other  oppor¬ 
tunity  is  left. —  Chicago  Tribime. 
