FEB.  40 
MOORE'S  RURAi.  MEW-YORKER 
ilomrstic  ^toitomi). 
MENDING  TIN-WARE. 
Faith  Rochester,  in  the  November  Agricul¬ 
turist,  descrit'cs  a  method  of  soldering  which  we 
have  long  used,  and  can  recommend  it  to  all 
your  readers.  It  Is  essentially  as  follows Get 
an  ounce  of  muriatic  acid,  pnt  it  into  an  old  tea¬ 
cup  or  bowl,  and  thi'ow  in  a  few  small  pieces  of 
zinc,  such  as  you  can  pick  up  at,  any  tinner’s. 
After  it  has  ceased  to  effervesce,  turn  into  a  bot¬ 
tle  and  use  a  small  stick  to  apply  the  liquid  to 
the  tin.  ScrajM?  the  tin  clean  and  bright  around 
the  place  to  be  mended,  mb  some  of  the  liquid 
on  with  the  stick,  lay  cm  a  piece  of  solder,  and 
hold  it  over  a  lighted  candle  till  it  melts,  and  the 
job  is  done. 
We  use  a  small  soldering  iron,  and  much  prefer 
it  to  the  caudle  plan.  A  sold<u'ing  iron  can  be 
had  for  twenty-live  cents  that  will  answer  every 
purpose;  ten  cents  worth  of  solder  will  last  a 
year  in  an  orchnary  family,  and  the  muriatic 
acid  will  not  cost  any  more.  What  a  tiimcr  or 
traveling  thiker  would  charge  for  a  single  job  of 
mending  mil  bny  a  complete  outfit,  and  then 
you  are  done  with  the  annoyance  of  leaking  ves¬ 
sels,  or  being  comiKlled  to  work  without  them, 
at  a  great  disadvantage.  With  farmers  who  live 
some  distance  from  town,  the  soldcrmg  outlU  is 
one  of  Uie  greatest  convenienccH—witli  us  it  is  in¬ 
dispensable.  We  keep  the  iron,  solder  and  thud 
(the  latter  well  corked  except  when  in  use)  in  a 
Ijox  by  themselves,  on  a  .shtilf  out  of  the  reach  of 
children.  The  muriatic  acid  is  a  very  powerful 
corrosive  agent,  and  must  be  handled  with  cx- 
ti-eme  care.  Chilih  en  must  not  bo  permitted  to 
get  hold  of  It.  Several  years  ago  we  bought  a 
bottle  of  soldering  fluid  of  a  man  who  was  travel¬ 
ing  around  selling  it— at  fifty  cents  per  bottle. 
Not  long  afterwnrd.s  we  got  hold  of  the  above  re¬ 
cipe  for  maldng  j»rodsoly  the  same  tiling  at  a 
cost  of  ten  cents,  instead  of  fifty. 
- - 
BED  AND  BEDROOMS. 
Never  use  anj-thing  but  hght  blankets  as  a 
covering  for  the  sick.  The  heavy,  impervious 
cotton  counterpane  is  bad,  for  the  reason  that  it 
keeps  in  the  e.xhalations  from  the  pores  of  tlie 
sick  person,  miile  Uio  blanket  allows  them  to 
pass  through.  Weak  persons  are  invariably  dis¬ 
tressed  by  a  great  w'oight  of  bed  clothes,  which 
often  prevents  tiielr  getting  any  soimd  sleep 
whatever.  It  is  better  to  sleep  in  a  cool  room 
and  di-ess  in  one  that  is  well  warmed,  than  the 
opposite.  If  it  is  uoeessar-y  to  heat  the  liedroom, 
let  it  be  by  means  of  an  open  grate  fire,  r.ather 
than  by  a  register  or  flue. 
In  view  of  the  fact  that  mo.st  people  pass  one- 
third  of  the  twenty-four  hours  in  bed,  the  im¬ 
portance  of  having  only  the  best  bedding  needs 
no  argument,  There  is  no  wisdom,  therefore,  in 
bujing  cheap  or  second  class  artic^les  for  the 
sleeping  room,  but  true  prudence  directs  to  get 
the  very  host  bedding  that  your  means  will  com¬ 
mand;  a  firstrclass  hair  mattress  will  outlast 
two  of  inferior  quality.  The  same  difference 
will  also  be  found  in  respect  to  feathers,  and 
with  the  latter  as  with  hair,  the  best  is  always 
cheapest.  Too  many  young  housekeepers  neglect 
to  follow  this  rule,  and  pursue  a  penny-wise  and 
pound-foolish  policy,  when  tliey  might  just  as 
well  have  adopted  the  opposite  practice. 
- - - 
SELECTED  RECIPES. 
Rice  Omclet.—Om  teacup  boiled,  one  do.  sweet 
milk,  three  eggs  well  beaten,  tablespoouful  but¬ 
ter,  bake  to  a  light  broivn.  Too  much  cooking 
spoils  it. 
Champagne  Cider. — Lot  the  cider  ferment  un¬ 
til  palatable,  then  put  an  ounce  of  sulphite  of 
lime  to  every  four  gallons  of  cider.  Mix  it  well, 
and  let  it  stand  until  clear,  then  it  is  fit  to  use. 
Sponge  Cake.— Tour  eggs  beaten  separately,  to 
the  yelks  add  one  cup  of  sugar,  beat  well,  and 
then  the  whitc.s,  lastly  add  one  cup  of  ilonr,  put 
Ughtly  in  with  siwon,  not  beaten,  hake  moder¬ 
ately  quick. 
Ginger  Snaps.— One  pint  of  molasses,  one 
cup  of  butter  or  lard,  one  tablespoouful  of  gin¬ 
ger  and  cloves  each,  one  tablespooniul  ef  cay¬ 
enne  pepper ;  flour  enough  to  roll  out  very  thin. 
Bake  on  flat  tins. 
Orange  Cordial— TUI  an  air-tight  jar  >ritli 
orange  peel,  then  potu:  on  it  some  gooa  whisky. 
After  keeping  it  for  several  weeks  make  a  sirup, 
and  add  the  whisky  to  suit  the  taste.  It  maaes 
a  delicious  coi'dlal. 
Egg  Kisses. — ^Beat  the  whites  of  f<nu’  eggs, 
then  put  in  gradually  a  pound  of  pulverized 
sugar,  season  with  a  spoonful  of  extract  of 
lemon.  Drop  small  quantities  in  letter  paiier, 
and  bake  in  a  quick  oven. 
Mock  Goose. — Take  two  tender  steaks,  lay  one 
in  the  bottom  of  the  baking  pan  and  cover  it 
over  with  lard  or  butter  j  sprinkle  over  this  bread 
crumbs,  well  seasoned  with  salt,  pepper,  sage 
and  a  little  onion.  Lay  on  the  other  steak  and 
prepare  it  as  the  first,  then  pour  on  a  tumbler  of 
water,  and  bake  slowly,  keep  it  covered  until 
nearly  done. 
°a'jce  for  PwtZdow/.— One-half  cup  of  butter  ; 
one»half  cup  of  sugar ;  beat  these  together  with 
one  heaping  tablespoonful  of  flour.  Pour  into  it 
(a  little  at  a  time,  stirring  nil  the  while)  one 
pint  of  boiling  water,  and  let  it  simmer  on  the 
stove  a  few  minutes.  Add  one  teaspoonfid  of 
lemon  extract.,  and  the  juice  of  one  lemon  or  le.v 
sjioonful  of  lemon  sugar. 
Cooking  Polatoes, — Many  persons  m  preparing 
potatoes  for  cooking  pare  off  a  thick  slice  from 
the  surface  iu-stcad  of  digging  out  the  eyes.  The 
sfciiming  process  is  all  wrong,  as  the  strength  of 
the  vegetable  lies  near  the  surface— the  starch 
growing  less  abundant  as  the  center  is  approxi¬ 
mated.  Tlio  best  way  is  to  scour  them  well,  and 
either  bake  or  hoU  them  with  their  skins  on. 
Shorts  Pudding.— Toko  four  eggs  well  beaten, 
a  pint  of  millc,  and  make  a  thin  batter  with  the 
shorts.  When  boiling  corned  beef,  dip  in  your 
pudding-bag  and  fill  with  the  above.  Have 
plenty  of  room  in  the  kettle  with  the  beef,  and 
Ixi  sure  the  water  is  boihng ;  put  in  the  pudding 
and  let  it  boil  two  hours  without  letting  it  stop. 
Eat  irvith  sweetened  cream  or  any  otlier  pudding 
sauce. 
Pickling  Reef. — To  pickle  beef  for  long  keep¬ 
ing  ;  First,  thoroughly  rub  salt  into  it  and  let  it 
rem.ain  in  bulk  for  twenty-four  bonrs  to  draw  off 
the  blood.  Becoud,  take  up,  letting  it  rh  ain,  and 
pack  as  desired.  TTiird,  have  ready  a  pickle  pre¬ 
pared  as  follows :  For  100  pounds  of  beef  use  i 
seven  pounds  of  salt,  saltpcko,  and  cayi-uino 
pepper,  of  each  one  ounce ;  molasses,  one  quart ; 
and  soft  water,  rsiglit  gallons,  boil  and  ski/n 
well,  and  when  cold,  pour  it  over  the  beef. 
KEEP  THE  FEET  WARM. 
The  Herald  of  Health  gives  these  seasonable 
hints  and  suggestions ; 
Never  go  to  bod  with  cold  feet.  Never  try  to 
sloop  without  iHiing  perfectly  certain  that  you 
will  bo  able  to  keep  them  warm.  To  he  one  night 
with  cold  foot  gives  such  a  sti-ain  to  the  sj-stem 
as  will  be  foil  seriously,  perhaps  ending  m  a  fit 
of  sickness. 
Cold  feet  show  an  unbalanced  circulation.  The 
very  best  thing  to  do  is  to  warm  them  by  exercise, 
if  that  be  practicable.  If  not.  try  dipping  them 
;  in  hot  and  cold  water  alternately  two  or  three 
tiniOB,  and  then  using  vigorous  friction.  If  that 
does  not  warm  them  and  keep  them  wann,  boat 
them  before  the  fire,  dry  them  thorougldy,  and 
then  correct  your  habits  or  improve  yom’  health  ; 
for  be  sure  that  one  or  the  other  is  wrong,  per¬ 
haps  both. 
With  all  the  rest,  if  you  sleep  on  a  hard  bed, 
with  cotton  sheets,  in  a  cold  room,  put  on  an 
exti'a  covering  over  the  feet.  It  is  very  conveni¬ 
ent  to  have  a  "foot  comfort,”  just  wide  enough 
to  cover  the  top  of  the  bod  and  about  a  yard 
deep.  This  may  be  made  of  some  light  material 
(iwjrhaps  the  remaius  of  some  pretty  dross),  fill¬ 
ed  with  cotton,  like  a  "comfortable,"  and  tacked 
with  some  harmonious  color.  During  the  day 
this  may  be  thrown  over  the  foot-board,  and 
apread  over  the  bed  at  night.  The  advantage  of 
tWs  is  to  secure  light  covering  for  the  feet  with¬ 
out  overburdening  the  remainder  of  the  body. 
If  you  use  a  hot  brick  or  hot  iron,  put  it  in  the 
bed  a  little  beforehand,  and  then  when  retiring 
remove  it.  To  sleep  with  the  feet  in  contact 
with  it  has  a  tendency  to  make  the  feet  tender. 
Buc  better  than  both  these,  and  to  be  used  ivith 
or  without  them,  is  the  foot  blanket.  This  may 
be  a  square  yard  of  domestic  flannel,  or  two  yards 
folded  of  Swiss  flaimel,  or  anything  else  you  like 
that  is  warm  enough,  only  have  it  nice  and  clean. 
Fold  tliis  around  yom-  feet  and  ankles  before  you 
put  them  domi  into  tlie  bed.  If  not  very  cold, 
this  will  often  warm  them,  especially  if  you  have 
used  friction ;  and  if  warm,  it  will  prevent  their 
becoming  cold  by  contact  with  the  cold  sheets. 
It  keeps  the  wai-nx  air  around  them.  It  does  not 
make  the  feet  tender,  and  it  is  far  more  conveni¬ 
ent  than  the  hot  brick  or  soapstone.  Try  it,  and 
if  you  are  ti’onbled  with  cold  feet  you  will  be 
likely  to  keep  it  by  you  hereafter.  Whatever  you 
use,  always  he  at  full  length.  To  "  curl  up  ” 
hinders  free  circiUation. 
- - 
DRINKING  'WATER. 
Dk.  H.\el  is  opposed  to  the  immoderate  di  ink- 
ing  of  water.  He  says : — The  longer  one  puts 
off  drinking  water  in  the  morning,  especially  in 
the  summer,  the  less  he  will  require  during  the 
day ;  if  much  is  drank  during  the  foreno<m,  the 
thirst  often  increases  and  a  very  unpleasant  fuU- 
aesB  is  observed,  in  addition  to  a  metallic  taste  in 
the  mouth. 
The  less  a  man  drinks  the  better  for  him,  be¬ 
yond  a  moderate  amount.  The  more  water  a  man 
drinks  the  more  strength  he  has  to  expend  in 
getting  rid  of  it,  for  all  tho  fluid  taken  Into  the 
system  must  be  carried  ont ;  and  there  is  but  little 
nourLshmont  in  water,  ten,  coffee,  beer  and  tlio 
like ;  more  strength  is  expended  in  con'ying  them 
out  of  tho  system  than  they  impart  to  it.  Tho 
more  a  man  druiks  the  more  ho  must  perspire, 
either  by  lungs  or  tlu’oiigh  the  skin ;  tho  muro 
he  perspires  tho  more  carlioii  is  taken  from  the 
system ;  bnt  tliis  carbon  is  necessary  for  nutri¬ 
tion,  hence  the  loss  a  man  is  nourished  tho  less 
strongtli  he  has.  Drinking  water  largely 
dimhushes  the  strength  in  two  waj’s  and  yet 
many  are  under  tho  impression  that  tho  more 
water  swallowed  the  more  tborougJily  is  the  sys¬ 
tem  ‘'washed  out.”  Thus  the  loss  we  druik  at 
meals,  the  better  for  us.  If  tho  amount  were 
hmited  to  a  single  oup  of  hot  tea  or  hot  milk  and 
water  at  each  meal,  an  immoasiu’ahle  good  would 
result  to  all.  M.iny  persons  have  fallen  into  tlio 
practice  of  drinking  several  glasses  of  cold  water, 
or  several  cups  of  hot  tea  or  coffee,  at  meals,  out 
of  mere  habit ;  aU  such  will  bo  greatly  bonclitod 
by  brealdiig  it  up  at  ouco;  it  may  he  very  well 
to  drink  a  httlo  at  oncli  meal,  and,  )«)rhapsit  will 
be  found  that  in  all  oases  it  is  inuoh  better  to 
take  a  siiiglocupof  hot  tea  at  each  meal  than  a 
glass  of  cold  water,  however  pure. 
- - - 
DIPHTHERIA. 
Du’htiieria  (says  a  medical  writer)  is  a  term 
derived  from  the  Clreok,  signifying  a  skin  or 
membrane.  It  is  an  opidomio  sore  tliroat  of 
groat  severity,  often  contagious,  duo  to  poison¬ 
ing  of  the  blood,  attended  witli  mueh  prostration, 
and  charaelenzed  by  the  exudation  of  false  mem¬ 
branes  and  lymph  on  the  tonsils  and  adjacent 
parts.  It  attacks  all  dnssoH  of  persons  at  all 
ages.  Cliildren  are  most  liable  to  contract  it.  It 
is  prob.ably  most  fatal  to  tho  po(n-,  or  such  as 
reside  in  damp  situatioas  and  in  Imdly  drained 
houses.  8o  fm-  as  known  local  truatmeiiL  docs 
not  afford  much  benefit  uiilesa  coinmencod  in 
tho  early  stage  of  tho  disoaso.  Inhalation  may 
then  bo  of  value ;  hut  tho  main  reliance  mnsl  bo 
placed  in  tlie  good  nursing,  hygiene  of  tho  sick 
room,  and  a  supporting  treatment,  te  enable 
Nature  to  work  her  wondrous  cures.  There  is  no 
specific  remedy  for  the  ailment. 
Jbr 
REftDISITES  IN  A  GOOD  HIVE. 
Rev.  J.  \V.  Bhearer  is  writing  a  valuable 
serieAif  articles  in  the  Bee-Keepers’  Magazine, 
discussing  bees  and  tho  best  methods  of  provid¬ 
ing  for  them.  His  stateinent  of  tho  requisites 
for  a  good  beo-hive  is  an  excellent  one,  and  wo 
condense  from  liis  list  of  essentials  as  follows : 
I.  Movable  combs,  'riicse  are  absolutely 
necessary  to  an  intelligent  iimnagcment  of  bees. 
The  movable  comb  proiierly  used  gives  perfect 
control  over  the  inside  of  tJio  hive.  The  comb, 
bees  and  all  may  be  transferred  from  one  hive  to 
another  in  a  few  minutes ;  wonus  may  be  readily 
destroyed  before  they  make  progress  in  s  weak 
stock ;  weak  stocks  may  he  strengthened  by  in¬ 
serting  frames  of  brood  from  a  strong  one: 
swarms  may  be  made  at  pleasure  by  division ; 
queens  reared  from  selected  stocks ;  empty  combe 
may  bo  utilized,  and  swarming  checked  by  do- 
stroring  queen  cells,  or  inserting  empty  combs 
or  frames  in  place  of  those  removed  to  strengthen 
weak  stocks. 
Movable  combs  enable  Oie  bee-keeper  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  excessive  production  of  useless  drones 
by  breaking  out  tho  drono  cemb.  and  also  to  see 
that  the  queen  is  at  aU.  tunes  supplied  with 
worker  comb  for  laying  eggs.  Sometimes  when 
honey,  is  abundant  bees  fill  the  brood-nest  with 
honey  to  tho  great  uijury  of  the  hive.  The  daily 
mortality  is  very  great  in  tlie  workiug  season  and 
young  bees  must  be  reared  very  rapidly  to  replete 
the  ranks  of  the  workers  to  insure  a  large  sm  plus 
of  honey.  Colonies  dwindle  down,  bocouio  veiyr 
weak  and  are  often  lost,  bocanse  the  brood-nest 
is  filled  with  honey  so  that  tire  queen  lius  no 
place  to  deposit  her  eggs. 
The  extractor  enables  us  to  save  this  honey, 
and  also  save  the  colony  by  replacing  the  emptied 
comb  in  the  brood-nest ;  this  is  the  best  remedy 
for  tho  disease  of  too  much  honey,  nud  its  appli¬ 
cation  secures  a  cash  fee  in  extracted  honey. 
These  movable  Iramos  can  bo  ma4e  practically 
useful  only  by  adapting  them  to  these  four  facts 
learned  from  tho  economy  of  the  hive.  Woriicr 
comb  is  made  of  the  unilonn  tliicknoss  of  %  of 
an  inch.  The  sides  of  the  movable  frame  to 
contain  the  comb  must  be  %  of  an  inch  wide. 
2d.  Bees  need  a  passage  of  %  of  an  irmh. 
This  is  juiit  the  distance  between  two  sheets  of 
comb  as  foimd  in  the  hive.  It  is  just  enough  to 
admit  of  the  free,  easy  passage  of  bees.  If  an 
opening  be  much  less  they  will  glue  it  up  with 
propolis,  and  if  much  larger  they  will  fill  it  with 
comb  and  honey.  By  making  the  outside  of  the 
frame  %  of  an  inch  leas  than  the  inside  of  (he 
hive  all  around  bees  respect  this  opening  and 
glue  them  fast  only  where  they  bong  on  the  rab¬ 
bets.  The  frames  should  leave  X  inch 
passage  all  around  when  hung  in  tho  hive. 
3d.  Boos  are  less  apt  to  build  to  planed  than 
unplaned  lumber.  Then  let  the  Inside  of  the 
hir'o  and  tho  outside  of  the  frame  be  nicely 
planed  whilst  tho  Inside  Of  tho  frame  Is  loft  as 
sawed.  This  prevents  fastening  tho  fr.ames  and 
also  conduces  to  the  building  of  comb  In  tho 
frames. 
4th.  Bees  prefer  to  bang  their  comb  to  a 
sharp  angle.  By  tacking  or  otherwlso  seonrlng  a 
saived  angle  along  the  center  of  the  upper  bar  of 
tiro  frame,  hoes  are  lirdiiced  to  build  .along  these 
sharp  angles  or  coinb-giiidos. 
II.  Tho  outside  moaBurenient  of  all  frames, 
and  tho  insivlo  moasm’emont  of  all  hives  must  be 
uniform,  the  former  being  at  least  of  an  ineh 
loss  than  tho  latter  in  length  and  depth  so  as  to 
leave  the  roqnWtc  sjaioo  of  %  of  an  hich  all 
ar  ound.  No  special  damage  is  done  if  there  is 
gi'oater  diiTorence  botweon  the  bight  of  the 
frame  and  the  hive  because  beos  will  not  fill  up  a 
small  space  below  tlio  bottom  bars  of  frames, 
and  when  quilts  aro  used  above  tho  frames  hr- 
stead  of  honey  boards,  the  riuilt  fills  the  space. 
Exact  worlunnnslrip  hi  tho  maiiufacturo  of 
liives  is  ol’  tho  first  im{»ortanco.  Unless  every 
frumo  is  made  so  that  it  will  fit  properly  hr  any 
hive  in  tho  apiiuy,  groat  inconvonience  and 
trouble  arises.  Hives  well  nuido  and  well-painted 
will  last  a  UfoUmo  if  made  of  good  heart  wood. 
No  sap  should  be  used,  for  tiro  moisture  from 
bees  will  soon  destroy  It.  Good  pine  is  prefera¬ 
ble,  but  any  sound  lumber  answers  well. 
UI.  Movable  divi.sion  boards  in  the  brood 
chambor.  This  la  simply  a  hoard  of  equal  bight 
and  depth  with  tho  hive  with  two  little  blooka 
above  and  below  for  filtuig  in  tho  rabbets  above 
and  the  entrances  below  go  as  entirely  to  separate 
tlio  two  ports  of  tire  hlvo.  Its  uaos  ore  : 
Ist.  To  contract  the  hive  in  early  spring 
according  to  its  strength.  A-s  tho  swarm  in¬ 
creases  it  is  readily  slidod  out  and  an  empty  ocmb 
inserted  in  tho  cluster.  By  this  means  the  heat 
of  the  colony  is  utilized  and  colonies  increase 
much  more  rapidly. 
2d.  By  opening  through  it  suitable  entrances, 
honey  boxes  may  be  placed  beside  the  cluster. 
By  using  two  for  each  hive,  boxes  may  be  placed 
each  side  of  the  cluatoi'  for  surplus  honey. 
IV.  The  hive  should  be  adapted  for  use  either 
as  a  single  or  two  story  hive ;  so  that  the  two 
BtoriOH  may  each  be  used  for  swarms  or  mtolei 
diu-ing  tiro  summer  by  having  extra  covers. 
Wlioii  used  single,  quilts  should  always  be  used 
luidor  the  cover  and  above  the  frames  to  prevent 
injury  from  too  great  heat  from  direct  exposure 
to  the  rays  of  tho  sun.  By  such  an  arrangement 
one  can  double  up  for  winter,  so  as  to  have  an 
air  chamber  all  ai’ound  for  ont-of-door  wintering. 
Buoh  air  chambers  are  very  important  to  preserve 
an  equable  temperature  when  exi.Hwed  to  wind 
and  sunshine.  Those  w  ho  prefer  wintering  with- 
in  doors  will  find  it  most  convenient  tohavs  their 
hives  made  two  etorlos  though  tho  stories  may 
each  be  used  separately.  Then  by  a  lltUe  ooxe  to 
leave,  in  packing  for  the  winter,  the  top  storioa 
empty,  they  can  he  used  in  the  spring  for  feeding 
The  alighting  boarxl  in  front  should  be  ex¬ 
tended  three  or  four  Inches,  the  aides  of  the  hive 
the  same  distance,  and  this  closed  at  the  top  by  a 
board  an  inch  leas,  eo  that  by  inserting  against 
this  an  extra  board,  for  out-door  wintering,  an 
air  chamber  i.s  formed  in  front.  This  front 
board  ehouid  have  a  8xf|’  passage  for  the  air  at 
one  end.  The  regular  entrance  first  closed 
except  a  small  space  at  the  other  end  so  that  the 
light  is  excluded  to  a  great  extent,  a  strong 
direct  draft  prevented,  and  mice  effectually  ex¬ 
cluded.  When  thus  prepared,  with  small  holes 
for  ventilation  near  tho  top  of  the  upper  story,  a 
good  qiiUt  .above  the  brood  combs  and  on  this  a 
bog  of  sawdust,  excclfior,  or  sb-aw  matting, 
nearly  filling  tho  upper  clramber,  beos  winter 
well  out  of  doors  almost  anywhere  in  this  country. 
V.  Bottoms  may  be  made  either  stationary  or 
movable.  Wo  believe  it  much  better  to  make 
them  stationary.  When  nailed  across  the  bottom 
the  bottom  strengthens  the  hivo  very  much.  It 
is  veiy  diflkult  to  keep  movable  bottoms  so  well 
fitted  as  not  to  leave  cracks  whore  millers  can  lay 
then'  eggs.  There  should  be  no  cracks  about  a 
hive  where  millers  ran  go  and  beos  cannot  easily 
follow  them. 
VI.  Toils  should  bo,  if  possible,  ail  in  one 
piece,  with  cleats  across  the  timber  underneath 
to  prevent  warping,  and  guide  to  its  place.  If 
made  of  two  or  more  pieces  the  timber  should  be 
well  seasoned,  tongued  and  grooved,  and  the 
ci'ack  securely  stopped  with  paint.  The  crack 
should  always  run  from  front  to  rear,  so  that  tho 
water  will  not  have  to  cross  the  crack  in  running 
off.  since  hives  should  tilt  forward  .a  Ultle. 
VII.  Size  of  brood  chamher.  If  made  for 
honey  boxes,  each  side  can  ho  contracted  to  suit 
the  swarm.  The  best  size  for  ordinary  use,  is 
from  1,800  to  2,000  cubic  inches,  and  made  low 
rather  than  high 
