CORE’S  RURAL  WEW-YORKER. 
WlABGH  4 
Jliai'))  of  a  '^uvalist. 
DAILY  RURAL  LIFE. 
From  the  Diary  of  a  Gentleman  near  NeW 
York  City. 
MORE  ADVICE  WANTED. 
„  n 
Deak  Huuae:  -Voiu-  “  fJcnlloinan  noar  NiiW 
York  City”  in  guilty  of  indni-iiig  me  to  come  to 
KaiiHad.  Hia  notow  ou  a  trip  to  Colorado  and 
tliia  State  were  the  inipt'tua  that  drove  my  im* 
moored  liark  hero.  Your  ]>ii|ier,  alwo.  is  tlio  in- 
llueuet)  that  clumped  my  oomHO  of  life  from 
merchandise  to  farming.  So  you  can  realize 
that  you  have  a  farther  duty  to  pei  foi  iii  toward 
mo.  Our  eouuty  is  all  ]>raii'ie,  and  J  want  to  hoc 
Bomo  trocB.  i'Virmorly,  in  Michigan,  my  dcHirc  ^ 
was  to  liavo  them  cut  ilown  and  Imrued  up.  ^ 
Pleawe  have  the  “(lenlleman  war  Now  York”  ^ 
answer  the  following  : 
1.  WhattroOH  are  best  miited  to  our  Western 
high,  dry,  windy  prairies  ?  ^ 
2.  State  what  kinds  are  best  propagated  by  ^ 
cuttings  nud  what  by  seeds,  ^ 
3.  ^Yhere  can  I  obtuin  cuttings  nud  seeds,  and  ^ 
what  season  of  tJic  year  is  best  to  propagate?  I 
4.  How  shiill  1  cultivate  the  cuttings-in  beds,  ^ 
or  w'herc  1  wish  the  trees  to  stand?  j 
Farmers  In  tJiis  i>arl  of  Kansas  ai’c  now  busy 
plowing,  harrowing  and  sowing  spring  wheat.  ^ 
We  are  determined  to  have  our  croji  early,  and,  ^ 
if  possible,  cheat  the  grasshopper. 
nice  Co.,  Kansas.  dAK-  1^-  Beatty.  ^ 
Fch,  21. — What  I  may  have  said  in  the  notes  of  ^ 
travel  referred  to  liy  the  Avriter  of  Ibo  alxivo  ^ 
which  should  have  led  him  to  change  Ins  rtisi-  ^ 
dcncc  is  a  puzzle  to  me  at  this  time.  But  as  my 
accuser  does  not  complain  ol  ins  lot,  1  must  pre-  . 
Bumc  he  18  content,  only  desiring  to  improve  Ids 
Hurrouiidinga  and  .accumulate  those  pleasant,  ad¬ 
juncts  HO  nocessary  to  a  home,  viherover  it  may  ' 
he  located.  In  ausivcr  to  the  ipicstions  aslied,  1  < 
can  only  say  what  I  think  I  would  do  if  placed  1 
under  tlio  same  circumstances. 
“Those  “high,  dry,  windy  prau’ies”  are  any-  ^ 
thing  but  exmgoniul  to  trees  or  slnubs,  else  Na-  ;  ^ 
turo  would  have  long  ago  covered  them  with 
forests;  hence  we  have  a  isiwerful  enemy  to 
contend  with  at  the  outset.  An  nneoiigcninl 
climate  is  far  worse  than  an  uncongenial  noil,  for 
the  latter  can,  in  a  groat  measure,  be  changed 
and  adapted  to  om- wants  and  desh  es;  but  man’s 
influence  upon  the  former  is  very  circumscribed, 
however  powerful  his  ciVorts  at  cultivation. 
Looking  at  the  (piestion  in  this  light,  a  man  ^ 
must  be  content  to  inalui  haste  slowly,  accepting 
of  what  he  can  keep,  instead  of  seeking  kinds 
which  are  not  adapted  to  his  soil  and  snrroimd- 
ings.  Then,  again,  a  man  should  keep  in  view 
the  fact  that  thcr<^  is  a  iiro.spect  of  constant  pro¬ 
gress  from  the  inferior  kinds  upward,  the  hardy 
old  scrag  wliich  tir.st  takes  root  becoming  a  pro¬ 
tector  to  RoractUing  hotter :  and  it  is  upon  tins 
plan  that  the  settlers  in  the  most  exposed  locali¬ 
ties  of  tJie  plains  must  iirococd  in  order  to  suc¬ 
ceed  in  surrounding  their  honic.s  with  trees  and 
other  uHoful  and  ornamental  plants. 
BANRINQ  AGAINST  WINDS. 
Hncccss  in  starting  a  grove  or  ^■lanlatio^  of 
ta-ec8  upon  the  higher  and  drier  prairies  depends  I 
A’ery  much  upon  the  arrangement  pursued  in  tl;e 
beginning,  and  the  projicv  course  would  lie  to 
adopt  what  1  shall  te  rm  the  “  Banlting  system 
that  ift,  plant  low-groAAiug  shrubs  on  the  onlor 
edge  of  the  proposed  forest  Or  grove,  on  the 
Bide  from  wliich  the  prcA-ailing  winds  generally 
come.  Next  to  these,  jilant  those  of  a  taller 
growth,  and  Boon  nutU  tlm  taller  kind.s  can  he 
introduccil,  thereby  forming  a  gr.adual.  I'levated 
bank  or  wind-brcali  for  the  most  valuable  kinds. 
This  bank  or  wind-break  may,  of  course,  be 
made  witli  one  kind  of  tree  by  beading  bade  the 
tii'st  row  or  two,  low.  allowing  the  brandies  to 
start  from  the  ground ;  then  trim  up  but  sllglitly 
the  next  row .  and  si.»  on  ;  for  some  arrangeuicnt  of 
the  kind  is  positively  necessary  in  order  to  secure 
a  protection  from  the  winds  uhich  constantly 
sweep  over  the  higher  plains  of  Kansas  and  Ne-  | 
braska.  Tne  truth  of  this  assertion  may  bo  seen  | 
inthennpri.lcctedplautatiouHiihcadystai'ted  in  ! 
various  parts  of  the  States  named.  The  “loan-  j 
to-thc-eaBt”  position  ot  most  of  the  trees  ]>lanted 
on  the  jilains  certainly  shows  “wliich  way  the 
wind  blows”  and  what  is  required  to  help  mat-  , 
tersiii  “uprightness.”  I 
WHAT  KINDS  TO  PLANT.  { 
lliero  is  a  groat  diversity  of  opinion  ou  this 
point,  blit  trees  with  small  fohage  wiU  usuaUy  i 
not  only  offer  loss  resistance  to  winds,  as  well  as  , 
suffer  less  from  chouths,  than  those  with  broad,  , 
largo  loaves,  sneb  as  tbe  hickories,  magnolias  ^ 
and  mtiplCH,  altbongh  the  latter  may  he  intro-  i 
duced  on  the  inner  rows  if  the  banking  system  is 
adopted,  Tlic  honey  locust,  bcedi  and  small-  I 
growing  species  of  wild  cherries  and  plums  are 
excellent  for  the  windwaid  aide  of  groves,  al¬ 
lowing  tliem  to  form  in  dense  masses,  impruned 
and  nncared  for,  after  the.  plants  have  become  o 
well-oBtablished.  There  are  also  varions  species  I  b 
of  willow  wliich  may  be  used  for  the  same  pur-  h 
pose,  for  their  roots  strike  deeply  into  the  soil  d 
and  the  branches  are  sufliciontly  flexible  to  pre¬ 
vent  any  considerable  injury  from  tlie  wind,  r 
The  white  and  yellow  willow  and  the  laurel-  v 
leaved,  as  it  is  generally  called  in  the  nursciicB,  t. 
are  excellent  for  tbis  ]niri)oso.  CiiltingB  can.  of  o 
course,  lie  hud  very  cheaply,  and  they  gi'ow  p 
readily :  but  in  a  very  (by  soil  and  climate  it  may  fl 
he  nocessary  to  mulch  the  soil  or  ajiply  water  1 
during  tbe  lirst  season.  ” 
Next  to  the  sugar,  silver  and  negnndo  ma-  * 
pie  may  come  in  for  a  goodly  sliarc  ot  attention, 
as  tbey  arc  of  rapid  growth,  withstand  drouth  as  ** 
well  as  most  native  kiiulH.  and  are  both  huinl-  ” 
some  and  valuable.  The  young  seedlings  of  (liese 
kinds  can  be  obtained  in  almost  any  Western  .J 
um-sery  as  well  as  Kiistern.  and  so  cheaply 
5  V  1,000)  tliat  I  would  not  advise  any  novice  in  • 
fruit  tree  euKnio  to  attemiit  to  raise  tlicm  from  * 
seed,  especially  on  the  jilains.  CotUmwood  is  * 
also  a  valuaiiie  tree  on  fw-coimt  of  its  rajiid 
growth,  and  a  man  could  scanxdy  do  betb  r  tiian 
to  plant  a  quantity  n.s  a  (hrnUr  resort  for  wood,  ' 
and  tiicn  llirow  them  out  after  siuiKrior  and  ' 
slower  giTiwing  kinds  liivdbecome  available.  Cut-  ' 
tings  of  cottonwood  or  young  trees  can,  of  course, 
be  had  very  chcaii  and  in  any  quantities  in  the  ' 
ninsriies  noar  lionie.  After  a  man  has  Ids  wind¬ 
breaks  well  started  be  may  begin  to  tbink  of  cver- 
greons,  fruit  and  other  kinds  of  irees,  hut  until 
this  is  done  there  is  not  much  clianec  of  success 
on  liigh,  di'y  prairies.  Seedling  iipples,  pears, 
plmns  and  clicrricis,  could,  of  course,  be  list’d  in¬ 
stead  of  forest  trees  for  iilunting  in  thickets  and 
Home  fruit  obtained  from  the  trees  in  due  time, 
with  a  possilulity  of  iwodiicing  new  varieties 
adapted  to  Llie  climate  if  notlnng  more. 
(2.)  Tilts  ijiiestion  has  alrciwly  been  answered 
in  the  above. 
(a.i  Always  apjily  to  tlic  most  reliable  seed- 
men  for  seeds  and  to  a  nnrserjnnan  for  trees, 
giving  peddlers  a  “wide  berth.”  Spring  would 
probably  bo  tlic  best  time  to  plant  on  Uic  prairie 
and  as  early  as  l  lio  ground  will  permit.  ] 
(4.)  tlutting.s  should  be  kept  in  licds,  and  ciil-  I 
tivatud  there  for  a.  ye.T,r  or  two  before  planting  in 
tlieiv  flual  po,sjtion.  It  is  not  too  late  for  iiro-  i 
curing  seedling  trees tliis  spring;  allboiigh  plow-  ' 
ing  and  sowing  may  lie  going  on  in  some  portions  i 
of  Kansas,  vegetation  has  not  started  in  many 
other  localities  from  whence  such  things  may  be 
obtained. 
The  principal  reason  why  the  fannei's  on  the  j 
prairies  make  micli  slow  progress  in  tree  jil.uiting  j 
is  this,  diliitorincsB  in  making  a  beginning.  They 
keep  putting  it  off.  thinking,  perhaps,  that  next  , 
year  will  answer  just  as  well  as  this,  and  so  it  j 
goes  until  they  get  accustomed  to  thoii-  dreary 
siUToiiudings.  ^Yllen  a  man  can  piu'chiiso  a  j 
tliousand  seedling  forest  t  rees  for  from  three  to  i 
jive  dollars,  ho  cannot  urge  the  cost  as  a  reason-  ^ 
uhlo  exciisO.  unless  ho  was  as  poor  as  the  Irish-  ' 
man  who  could  not  buy  one  lirick  of  a  block  of  i 
buildings  offered  him  for  .a  dollar. 
Our  nurservTuen,  knowing  the  actual  needs 
and  wants  of  those  on  the  prairies,  raise  immense 
quantities  of  seedlings  to  moot  thorn,  hence  the 
most  suitable  kinds  can  alwav^s  bo  obhiined  at  a 
very  low  figure,  in  fact  for  less  than  a  man  can 
raise  such  sbick  himself  in  small  lots  of  a  few 
hundreds  or  t  bon  Bands,  mio  cost  of  transiiorta- 
tion  is  also  but  a  trillc  on  such  small  plants,  con-  . 
sidering  the  niiinhcr  that  can  bo  ivacked  in  a  box 
a  fewfoct  square.  NeigbborH  shonJd  club  to- 
getlier  in  sendirig  their  orders  to  the  nurseries, 
thereby  enabling  them  to  obtain  stock  at  whole¬ 
sale  rates,  and  then,  by  dividing  up,  each  can 
secure  a  good  variety.  | 
orouH  tree,  no  matter  how  much  decay  may  ho  I 
foimd  about  the  main  stems,  even  if  it  is  but  a  | 
hollow  Bhell,  there  must  be  heialthy  roots  to  pro-  , 
duco  a  vigorous  growth  of  “  water  shoots.”  I 
A  slight  examination  of  the  Buccossivc  annual  1 
rings  of  the  hrancllcs  above  the  point  from  | 
which  the  water-Bhoots  spring,  will  ehow  that  j 
there  has  boon  a  const  ant  lessoning  in  deisisitiou  , 
of  wood  for  Bcveral  ysarH  previous  to  tlicir  ap-  • 
pcavanco,  until  at  last  the  outlet  for  an  upward  j 
flow  of  sap  was  out  off  or  so  impeded  that  it  | 
forced  out  new  shoots  from  the  Ijasc  of  Uroii’  old  [ 
and  feeble  branches.  It  may  be  a.iked  why  did  j 
not  tho  lo.avcs  on  Ihoso  licariiig  branches  draw  | 
to  tlienibclvcs  and  assimilate  tins  crude  sap  in 
siifllcicnt  qininlities  to  keej)  up  a  vigorous  growth 
and  return  enough  for  funning  a  hberal  anmiul 
layer  of  cuTiiliium  as  they  did  while  tlio  tree  was 
young.  A  still  closer  examination  of  the  old  i 
branches  will  show  vvliy  1  liis  does  not  and  can-  j 
not  occur.  As  tlic  tree  grows  old  and  the  hsiv  i-.m 
multiply  in  number,  they  become  proportionally 
smaller  and  loss  active  in  asiimilation,  besides 
tlic  fruit  hakes  up  the  greater  part  of  the  sap  ' 
winch  assunilutcd  by  them,  leaving  a  very  min¬ 
ute  quantity  to  pass  downward  and  form  cambi¬ 
um,  or  a  new  layer  of  wood.  Tbis  disjiosition  of 
tlic  assimilated  saji  accounts  for  tbe  well-known 
fact  that  trees  hearing  heavy  crops  of  fniit  pro¬ 
duce  verj-  httle  young  wood  during  what  is  tciTued 
the  fruiting  season.  If  what  is  called  the  circu¬ 
lation  of  the  siiji  could  be  conliuned  through  the 
old  wood  or  heart  of  the  stem  or  branches,  then 
we  Bhould  sot-  less  of  tliis  gradual  decline  in 
growth  as  the  trees  increase  in  fniitfnbiess,  and 
as  the  saji  only  flnds  a  passage  through  tlio  young 
cells  of  newly  formed  wood  it  becomes  rinporl- 
But  that  such  channels  slioiihl  lio  provided. 
Taking  this  view  of  the  subject,  which  wo  be¬ 
lieve  to  lie  a  correct  one,  it  may  bo  readily  seen 
that  tlie  usual  mode  of  pinning  old  trees,  that 
is,  cutting  Off  old  branches  enth-o  and  removing 
all  vvater-.sl  loots  on  very  ol<l  siiccimons,  is  all 
wrong.  NVe  would  not,  of  course,  cucourngo  the 
jirodiietion  ol’  water-shoots  in  the  center  of  mod¬ 
erately  young  trees,  for  these  take  to  themselves 
(hat  which  is  needed  in  tho  bearing  branches, 
1  but  theii’  a]>pearance,  as  we  have  said,  is  iudica- 
I  ti  VO  of  a  stoppage  of  the  ehnnnols  which  should 
j  conduct  the  crude  sap  fm-Uicr  on. 
'J'ho  proiicr  n  icthod  of  ronovatii  ig  old  fruit  ti’oes 
'  is  to  lirst  apply  .Htimulating  mannro  te  the  soil, 
I  then,  instead  of  “pnniiiig  up,”  connncnco  at  the 
top  and  “head  down.” shorten  all  the  old  branch¬ 
es  one-lialf  to  tvvo-thii’ds  of  tlioir  original  length. 
Thin  out  the  central  brandies  if  tboy  an:  likely 
j  to  become  crowded,  and,  during  the  siimmor, 
break  out  from  time  to  (inic  all  surplus  sprouts, 
leaving  only  those  which  will  he  required  to  give 
tho  head  of  the  tree  the  requisite  shapo.  Tlie 
j  wounds  made  in  cutting  off  large  branehos  should 
'  lie  covered  with  some  kind  of  a  Holntion  which 
1  will  keep  out  the  water  and  jirevent.  decay.  Com- 
I  mon  graft ing’wax  applied  hot  is  as  good  as  auy- 
tliing  known  for  this  puiiqio.ie,  but  ordinai'y  min- 
i  oral  paint  may  be  used  insteiwl  without  danger  of 
I  injury  to  the  tree.  tVhen  Ibe  old  stems  are  par¬ 
tially  dejwl  the  rotten  wood  may  he  removed  and 
the  sound  parts  undcrneatli  painted  over  to  pre¬ 
vent  furlhci’  decay.  Tho  coarse  bark  sliould  also 
be  scraped  olT  from  tho  stem  and  larger  branch¬ 
es.  after  which  an  ajipliciition  of  soft  soa])  or 
whitewash  may  bo  applied  with  benelit. 
'J’hc  renov  ation  of  old  fruit  trees  may  frequent¬ 
ly  he  attended  with  better  resnlts  than  planting 
out  of  now.  esjiecially  of  choice  varieties  known 
i  to  bo  adapted  to  tho  locality. 
FRUIT  TWIG  BLIGHT. 
Slvlioricultunil, 
PRUNING  OLD  FRUIT  TREES. 
“  Ahoct  this  time  we  may  exjiect”  to  hoar  tho 
ax  and  saw  among  the  old  fruit  trees.  Somo- 
tiincs  their  ovvners  prune  just  hecause  they  have 
iicen  in  the  habit  of  doing  so  at  this  season,  J 
while  oUxens  do  it  to  produce  Certain  houelidal 
results.  But  vve  are  inclined  to  tbinlcthat  a  ma-  , 
jority  of  oiir  farmers  bave  no  particular  object  in 
view  when  jiorforming  this  operation,  and  oiir 
reasons  for  tliiuking  so  is  tho  uiamicr  in  which 
tho  pruning  is  done.  If  the  trees  are  very  old, 
and  have  become  stunted  through  long  vearB  of 
usefulness  in  producing  lieavy  crops  (.if  fruit, 
they  usually  show  it  in  the  scraggj’  hraucheB, 
numerous  suinll  iiudovcloped  fruit  sjuirs  as  well 
as  the  absence  of  good,  healthy  tta-mima  shoots 
of  the  preceding  years’  growth.  If  tliere  is  stLU 
life  and  vigor  in  the  old  stems  and  roots,  it  is 
generally  shown  in  many  a  young  slioot  spring¬ 
ing  from  near  tlie  base  of  the  larger  branches, 
which  are  usually  termed  “water  sprouts’’ or 
shoots.  Now  these  water  shoots,  springing  from 
the  parts  named,  are  reliable  indications  of  a  vig- 
Tiie  “  newly  observed”  apple  tree  pest  noticed 
in  Ritkai.  of  Dec.  8lh,  from  the  pen  of  S.  J.  Pab- 
KEK  of  Ithaca,  made  its  lii-st  (.?)  appearance  in  this 
locality  this  year. 
The* twig  blight  a'-ted  nearly  Oio  same  as  de- 
Hcribod  in  above  Kcn.A.i..  One  orchard  of  four 
acres  was  nearly  one  “forest  bloom,”  yet  it 
j-ieldod  but  ten  bushels  of  apples. 
It  differs  from  pear  blight,  in  the  fact  that  a 
twig  without  fruit  is  never  blighted,  whereas 
pear  blight  attacks  any  twig  or  Bhoot,  or  teee 
that  does  not  hear  fruit  as  well  as  fructiferous 
twigs. 
The  blight  has  doscendc'd  dowm  tlie  branches 
of  Home,  old  teecs  two  or  tlixec  feet.  Young  trees 
withstand  it  the  best,  allhougli  they  were  att  ack¬ 
ed  the  worst.  Ah-ry  probably  it  is  caused  by  a 
fungoid  diBcaso,  as  tho  incgularities  of  the 
spring  were  very  r.vvorable  for  its  promotion. 
The  badness  of  tho  weather  of  any  season  is 
indicated  by  the  mildewing  of  the  Oporto  grape— 
the  only  gi-apo  that  mildews  about  here.  Home 
years  it  does  not  mildew,  but  tbis  yoar  it  mUdevv- 
ed  very  badly,  even  the  terminal  shoots  and  ten-  I 
dills  which  projected  fai’  out  from,  tho  vine  and 
I  had  free  circulaiion  of  aii-,  were  covered  with  j 
1  fungus.  ! 
‘  This  fruit  twig  bliglit  of  tho  apple  tree  is  a 
'very  serious  thing  to  fiTiit  growers,  if  it  con- 
!  tinues,  but  likely  it  is  not  the  work  of  an  insect 
:  and  may  not  reappear  next  year. 
I  Clyde,  N.  Y.  w-  s.  -w. 
I 
1  NORTHERN  SPYS  AS  POOR  KEEPERS. 
!  A  whiter  in  the  Mass.  Ploughman  notes  a  rc- 
'  markable  variation  in  the  keeping  quality  of 
I  Northern  Bpy  apples,  which  he  accounts  for  as 
i  follows: 
j  llic  Spy  is  a  very  good  winter  apple  and  a  good 
I  keeper,  and  yet  a  complaint  is  entered  against  it 
1  for  not  keeping.  The  trouble  is  here  as  it  is  witti 
j  a  case  of  Rhode  Island  Greening  trocB  close  to 
me.  I’lieso  apples  rot  on  the  treea  during  tlie 
summer  and  autmnn,  and  none  will  keep  until 
Janiiai-y  first.  .■Another  orchard  produces  apples 
that  will  keep  until  late  in  the  Bpring.  There  is 
a  cause  for  this  groat  difference  in  keeping  qual- 
i  itics.  I  was  so  ciulous  to  hoIyc  tlic  mystery  tliat, 
^  at  .some  trouble  of  time  and  cxiicnsc,  I  learued 
tiiat  our  jHior  koeperH  were  raised  by  a  man  who 
grafted  upon  a  very  _early  stock,  and  upon  trees 
that  had  become  stuulcd.  T'hc  graft  partook  of 
the  parent  stock,  and  protluoed  an  autumn  npjilo 
only,  ^lie  other  case  made  a  sjilcndid  keeper  by 
having  a  better  stock  te  draw  from.  Cannot  the 
samo  thing  occur  in  regard  to  the  Spys.  We 
think  vci'y  likely  it  should.  Wo  have  been  ad¬ 
vised  not  to  plant  a  Northern  Spy  tree  for  tliis 
reason.  We  have  seen  (roes  in  the  vicinity  of 
Drividonce  with  this  very  failing.  We  have  seen 
others  that  produced  a  heantifnl  kceiKT.” 
A  diffcrciico  in  soils  and  location  will  often 
1  make  a  great  diffcreiu'e  in  kceiiing  qualities,  Gn 
.  light,  sandy  soil,  ajiples  of  tho  same  variety  will 
mature  and  ih-cay  much  earlier  than  on  a  soil 
that  is  cold  and  heavy.  With  regard  to  tho 
.  Greenings  referred  to  it  may  ho  suggested  that 
,  there  arc  several  varieties  of  Greenings  differing 
t,  little  in  appearance  hut  much  in  time  of  ripen- 
,  ing.  Possibly  tlic  two  orchards  spoken  of  may 
[  I  (♦long  to  different  vwietios  of  Greenings  -  possi- 
5  bly  also  there  may  he  two  famlios  of  Northern 
.  Spy  apples,  though  this  is  a  mere  suggestion 
j  without  any  evidence  to  support  it. 
The  codling  moth  eanscs  preniatme  ripening 
[  and  decay  in  the  fruit  on  wliicJi  its  larvie  works. 
I  An  orcJiard  kept  free  from  this  pest,  other  things 
being  equal,  will  produce  fruit  of  line  flavor,  and 
3  cspoeially  of  hettiT  kee]iing  qualities,  tlian  or¬ 
chards  where  nearly  eveiy  apple  is  more  or  loss 
worm  eaten.  We  do  not  say  that  t)ie  theory  of¬ 
fered  liy  the  writer  in  the  extract  above  quoted 
is  iiiitnio,  liut  only  that  it  is  not  proven  by  the 
J,  instances  he  citofl,  unless  it  is  shown  that  other 
causes  may  not  have  produced  tho  samo  result. 
’  The  snbj(«;t  is  well  wortliy  of  a  careful  investi- 
3  gatioii  by  fruit  growers. 
- - 
I  APPLES  FOR  THE  ’WEST. 
!>•  going  westward  it  is  often  found  that  vari¬ 
eties  of  fruit  which  arc  stundurds  in  the  East 
arc  wholly  niisiiited.  and  names,  vvhieh  to  East¬ 
ern  poniologlsts  are  scarce  known,  rank  highest 
for  the  Western  jilantor.  Mr.  O.  H.  I.eak  of 
J  linnnihal.  Jlo.,  gives  his  opinions  as  to  the  best 
apples  for  profit  in  that  seotiou.  He  says ; 
Q  ' '  After  twenty-six  yoar.s  of  experieiico  in  grovv- 
ing  apples  for  market  and  testing  mw  hundred 
atidthirt'/varieliett  of  the  leading  sorts  recom¬ 
mended  in  the  books,  I  have  received  more  money 
_  from  three  varieties,  viz :  Winesaji,  tleniton 
g  (Rawle’s  .lanet)  and  Willow  Twig,  than  from  all 
n  the  other  varieties  combined.  The  Ben  Davis 
has  proven  more  valuable  than  either  of  the  three 
vurieties  iihove  named,  liut  it  was  not  Imovvn  here 
when  f  put  out  my  first  orchard  of  forty  acres, 
I  was  the  pioneer  in  planting  improved  fruit  for 
market  in  tliifl  part  of  the  eountry;  had  no  ex¬ 
perience  in  fruit  gi’owing,  and  worse  than  all,  my 
.  ncighliors  knew  no  more  than  I  did;  wo  all 
thought  tliat  the  man  wlio  had  the  gieatest  num¬ 
ber  of  vaiietios  had  tlie  hestr  orchard.  Wo  all 
made  tho  same  mistake.  If  I  had  set  out  the 
tlu-ec  varieties  first  named,  it  would  have  1  cen  a 
*  snecesH.  The  Genitons  have  been  gradually  fail¬ 
ing  for  a  number  of  years,  the  trees  decay  early, 
^  overbear  alternate  ycai-s,  and  conseqnenOy  tho 
J**  fruit  is  very  small;  it  is  now  discarded.  The 
^  Willow  Twig  has  not  been  a  complete  success 
with  me,  yet  it  is  a  succoss  all  wound  me.  The 
Wine  Sap  has  failed  cnice  in  tumiy-six  years;  tlie 
tree  is  very  hardy— tlie  fruit  is  rather  small,  but 
it  boars  handling  better  than  any  other  sort.  The 
Ben  Davis  is  a  iK-rfect  success  all  over  tho  West. 
The  tree  is  hardy,  a  good  grower,  beai’s  young, 
and  is  full  every  year.  Its  fruit  is  very  attrac- 
. ,  tivc  in  iipjioarance,  and  sells  from  fifteen  to 
_  twenty-five  per  cent,  higher  than  any  other  vari- 
etj- — tbe  grower  docs  not  have  to  hunt  buyers, 
they  hind  Mm.  I  am  removing  my  old  orchard 
at  the  rate  of  200  trees  yearly,  and  will  in  the 
future  i>laut  nothing  hut  Ben  Davis.  I  will  also 
I  set  them  between  my  old  trees,  as  they  (the  old 
j  ones)  will  be  gone  by  Gio  time  the  young  trees 
^  !  begin  to  bear. 
‘  ‘  If  all  the  apple  trees  within  marketable  dis- 
tanco  of  Ilunnibal  vvero  Ben  Davis,  tliey  would 
ct  bring  half  a  miUioii  of  dollws  amuially  into  the 
County,  as  we  are  in  the  center  of  the  finest  fniit 
growing  region  in  the  West.” 
