GORE’S  RURAL  NEW>YORK£R. 
Hiarir  of  a  ‘Huralist. 
DAILY  RURAL  LITE. 
Prom  the  Diary  of  a  Centleman  near  New 
York  City. 
CHOICE  OF  COMPAKIONS. 
March  6.— Every  person  probably  has  a  choice 
in  the  tielection  of  companions  and  associates, 
and  there  is  sucli  a  mdo  field  and  cndJcss  variety 
that  it  is  one’s  own  fatdt  if  he,  or  slie.  is  not 
suited.  There  are  the  good,  better,  best,  and  the 
bad,  hidifferont  mid  worthless  of  Iwith  se.\cs, 
from  which  to  choose,  also  the  Jovial  and  jolly, 
social  and  unsocial,  those  from  whom  we  can 
always  learn  soinothhig  wliich  is  useful  and  in- 
Btrnctivc,  besides  some  of  im  opposite  clmraetor.  , 
the  ground,  the  warm  south  breeze  and  cloud¬ 
less  sky  invito  me  out  into  the  garden,  where, 
with  pnuung  knife  in  hand,  J  Hud  something  to 
do.  The  old  cniTant  bushes  have  tliro'ni  up  so 
many  thrifty  shoots  from  the  central  stem  that  a 
})ortion  must  bo  removed  in  order  to  hd  in  air 
and  light  to  rijreu  the  I'rnit  and  keep  the  bearing 
wood  liealthy  and  vigorous.  In  pruning  the  or¬ 
dinary  sorts  it  is  well  to  cut  out  the  weak  young 
canes  as  well  as  trj  remove  the  old  ones  wliich 
liHvc  been  m  bearing  for  two  or  three  yeajv. 
Currant  bushes  generally  become  crowded  with 
too  many  canes,  for  producing  large  fruit,  and 
fliinning-out  becoinos  newissary  from  time  to 
time.  The  same  is  true  of  ^gooseberries,  mid  the 
knife  and  sla'ars  must  be  used  freely  if  health  of 
))lanl  .and  good  annual  crops  are  to  be  kept  up 
for  any  considerable  length  of  time. 
With  rasphcnics  less  (n'lining  is  neeessury.  hut 
tlic  caue.s  of  the  black  vaiicties  should  be  cut 
whose  minds,  like  tlie  tly  leaf  of  a  book,  apiicor  I  i.ack  in  sjiring,  if  long  .and  slender,  as  tiiis  will 
to  have  been  misscil  ami  left  blank  by  tbe  types, 
with  not  a  spot  on  the  page,  either  for  good  or 
p.ril.  There  are,  hoivc  ver,  joersous  w  ho  go  througli 
life  seeking  companionship,  though  never  finding 
it,  they  doubtless  thinkhig  it  is  the  world’s  fault 
and  not  theirs. 
We  have  all  met  such  i>co]ile.  and  in  varlou.s 
places,  and  at  various  times,  for  they  are  not 
rare,  either  in  city  or  country,  among  both  the 
rich  and  poor,  consequently  neither  photograph 
nor  minute  description  is  roqnh'od  to  assist  in 
recognizing  them  wherever  or  whenever  found. 
The  city  wdth  all  its  millions  of  attractions  is  to 
such  persons  a  stupid  "  hove,”  the  country  a 
lonesome,  dieary  waste,  in  which  there  is  neither 
life  nor  beauty,  ami  they  wonder  how  pcojilo  can 
endure  such  solitude  and  not  hecome  insane  or 
die  through  lack  of  somelhiug  to  excite  the  men¬ 
tal  faculties  sulhcicutly  to  cnahle  Uu-m  to  live. 
I  am  frcqucutlj  reminded  of  the  dicarincHs  of 
oounti'y  life  by  my  city  friends,  altliongh  it  never 
occurs  to  me  except  when  asked,  ’*  How  can  you 
force  out  sti  oug,  lateral  bearing  branches,  yield¬ 
ing  far  larger  bemes  than  if  no  pruning  is  done. 
The  host  of  oiw  cultivated  sorts  of  berries,  if 
given  no  culture  and  the  plants  not  pinnod, 
would  yield  very  little,  if  any.  l>ett<  r  fruit  lliun 
tliat  obtained  from  plants  m  the  woods  and  neg¬ 
lected  fields.  By  jiruning  domesticated  plants 
we  reduce  the  nnmher  of  specimenH  of  fruit  or 
tioweiv,  but  make  U}i  for  it  in  size  and  (juality, 
honco  one  of  the  results  of  sc.ioutilic  horticulture. 
In  passing  among  the  iqijile,  jiear,  cherry  and 
other  kinds  of  fruit  trees,  il  i,s  always  well  to 
have  a  sharp  knife  in  one’s  jmekot,  even  it  the 
visit  to  the  orchard  is  not.  inUmded  lor  tlie  i>ui- 
pose  of  pruning.  A  crowded  or  ovcrlajiiung 
branch  may  have  licen  (Overlooked,  and  needs  to 
be  removed,  and  there  is  s(;ld(.im  a  hotter  time  to 
do  tliis  than  when  it  is  lirst  discovered.  Other 
branches  may  be  taking  t  he  lend  of  tlicir  neigh¬ 
bors.  either  at  the  top  or  on  one  side,  and  tliuse 
should  be  headed  hack,  in  onlcr  to  give  a  uni¬ 
form.  symmeti’ical  shaixi  to  the  liead  of  tlie  tree. 
ondm*e  the  Country  or,  "What  do  yon  tlndto  I  Attention  to  such  small  mutteirs  mav  in  the  end 
amuse  yott  during  the  long,  dreary  wintci-.  away 
from  the  many  amusements  to  lie  found  in  the 
city  ?"  Those  and  humh’eds  of  otJicr  (pieslions 
are  thought  of,  if  not  asked,  by  city  pi'oplc  in 
regard  to  tbe  pastimes  ajid  mode  of  living  of 
them  country  consius.  hut  they  either  forget  or 
overlook  the  fact  that  a  person  m.ay  l>e  siuTwuiid- 
ed  by  the  most  agreeable  compiiidons  when  ap¬ 
parently  all  alone. 
While  I  am  at  this  moment  .shut  up  in  my  li¬ 
brary  witli  no  human  being  for  a  companion,  J  i 
am  not  alone,  for  arranged  about  me  upon 
shelves  are  the  works  of  tliousands  of  sotne  of 
the  greatest  men  that  ever  lived.  If  1  desire  to 
converse  with  them,  there  they  stand  ready  to 
give  mo  their  best  thoughts— not  the  cnide  ram-  , 
hlingB  of  some  (‘allcr  wlm  desires  to  till  up  the 
time  and  make  hlmsolf  .agrccalilc  whether  he  is  I 
able  to  do  8o  or  no.  If  I  feel  like  talking  of  ! 
natural  history,  farming  or  horticulture,  I  can  | 
ask  Flint  to  tel!  mo  what  of  his  time,  twenty  ' 
centxu'ios  ago.  and  after  he  lias  told  his  story  he 
can  be  “  shut  uji”  without  taking  offence  at  t  lie 
sudden  termination  of  the  conversation.  Then 
Messrs.  Viuoil,  TuKorim.\sTt.'8.  Coi.tniu''.u.A,  and 
other  very  old  and  somewhat  antiquated,  but  : 
ratlier  interesting,  goiitlonien  can  he  asked  to  i 
step  forward  and  tell  what  tliey  know  of  any  | 
pai'ticular  subject  which  maybe  under  coiisidcni-  , 
tion  .and  in  their  line  of  study.  From  these 
grand  old  follow-laborors  in  natural  history,  of  { 
two  thousand  years  ago,  wo  may  come  along  down  ; 
to  LINNE.  FaBKICICS.  BiTFFOS,  8w  AM.VIKUnAM,  j 
Humboldt,  .Voabsiz,  and  oven  to  man  nowlivuig, 
and  hero  they  arc  all  about  me  with  fhftir  grand¬ 
est  words  and  best  thoughts  at  my  disjiosal. 
WTio  will  say  that  these  are  not  agreeal.ilc  and 
entertaining  companions  ?  Yes,  companions  to  ' 
whom  royalty  was  in  many  instances  proud  to  do 
homage  and  bestow  favors. 
Then,  in  addition  to  all  theseold  and  long-tried 
friends  and  companions,  there  come  mu-  daily, 
weekly  and  monthly  visitors — neat,  trim  und  in 
fashionable  apparel. — affording  one  an  abundant  ; 
opportmiily  for  the  selection  of  friends  and  com-  | 
panions,  and  what  is  more,  we  can  give  them  the  j 
“cold  shoulder’’  or  a  heaidy  welcenic.  and  it’s 
nobody’s  business  but  om'  own.  If  we  tire  of 
these  companions  and  desire  a  cliangc,  the  v  eiy 
air  is  full  of  life.  Even  now  as  1  write,  tliia  a 
bluebird  is  swinging  upoi^  twig  <if  an  old  oak 
near  the  window,  trilling  a"oft,  svveol  song,  sueli 
as  a  Jenny  Lind  or  a  Claka  Loctsti  Iuollooo 
might  vaiuly  attempt  to  unitate,  wldlc  a  dock  of 
blacEbirds  occupy  an  entire  tree-top  not  far  away, 
pouring  forth  a  flood  of  music  as  rich  and  varied 
as  ever  came  from  the  brain  of  a  JIozakt  or  a 
BEETHOV  J'.N. 
Is  ihere  not  hoi-e  an  opporlumty  fur  making  a 
choice  of  companions  ?  Svho  will  say  that  eoun-  I 
try  life  must  neces-sarily  be  a  di  oai-y  one,  no  mat-  ,  , 
ter  how  isolated  from  society  or  kindi-ed  ?  Witli 
books,  bii  'is,  flow  ers,  and  animate  and  inanimate  ' 
nature  suiiounding  us,  the  life  of  evei-y  hmnan  \ 
being  ougiit.  to  be  made  full  to  overflowing,  and  \ 
it’s  no  fault  of  Natm-e  if  it  is  not  so.  ,  , 
fRUNINQ  PLANTS  IN  SPRING. 
March  7.— Although  there  is  yet  some  fre.st  in  1 
save  much  labor,  and  give  a  neat  ajipearance  to 
an  orchard. 
.\inoiig  slinibbcry  I  can  nsually  find  use  I'oi' 
the  knil'c  in  removing  old.  feeble  stems  and 
branches,  and  shortening  the  new,  because  it  is 
seldom  that  slirubs  will  grow  just  to  mu’  liking 
without  some  little  attention.  Tlic  IIVA/c/itk, 
hush  honeysuckles  and  similar  shruhs, 
if  planted  on  rich  soil,  are  likely  to  jiroduce  a 
greater  nnmher  of  slender  eanos  lliiiii  uro  in¬ 
quired  to  give  a  shapely,  liandsoino  jilant,  and  a 
httlo  pruning  now  and  then  is  requh’cd  to  make 
lieiffccl  what  would  otherwise  he  imperfoet- 
All  k bids  of  hardy  roses  need  the  same  atten¬ 
tion  as  tlm  ordinai-y  shnilis.  Okl  eaiics  vrhich 
have  bloomed  for  one,  two  or  more  years,  maybe 
removed,  thereby  forcing  the  sap  into  the 
younger  and  more  vigorous,  which  will  give 
larger  und  more  perfect  blooms.  There  is  al¬ 
ways  more  or  loss  of  this  kind  of  work  to  he  done 
where  one  has  an  orchard  and  garden  to  be  cared 
for,  but  it  need  not  be  considered  an  irksome, 
laborious  task,  but  a  pleasant  jiastime  when  one 
is  off  duty  in  other  occupations. 
3lrliorifultural, 
TEANSPLANTING. 
I  -Vs  the  time  of  transplantuig  draws  near,  we 
,  wish  to  offer  a  few  worda  u])on  this  subject, 
which,  however  well  understood  in  theorx',  is  yet 
in  iwactice  so  far  disregarded  that  many  iwople, 
to  accomplish  the  operation  sisredily,  prefer 
'  rather  to  "trust  to  chances’’  than  by  a  careful 
observance  of  glaiiugly-impoi  taut  Rte])8  to  se¬ 
cure  almost  beyond  a  doubt  the  health  and  vigor 
of  ilie  IruiLsiilantod  trees  or  shrubs.  If  it  i.s  ! 
worth  oiicy  wiiile  to  ponder  over  catalogues, 
make  nnniy  inquiries,  select  and  purchase  a  tre*e,  i 
it  i.-j  certainly  worth  one'.s  while  to  provide  | 
tlioso  easy  conditions  which  will  render  it  vahia-  : 
hie  to  ns  after  it  is  jJanted.  Is  it  not  siUy  for  a 
man,  utter  pm’chasing  Ihc  finest  of  lines,  hooks, 
etc.,  to  go  ttsliing  without  bait  ?  It  is  true,  in 
trusting  to  chances,  it  miijlU  occur  that  the  lish 
would  be  found  ravenous  euoiigh  to  bite  at  un¬ 
baited  hooks.  But  tlic  greatest  exjiense  and  i 
trouble  having  been  hicurrcd,  it  is  safest  not  to  [ 
pennit  a  little  extra  trouble  to  stand  in  the  way  j 
of  aiiavoulanec  of  the  worst  jjhase  of  “fisher-  ' 
man's  luck.”  in  trusting  to  cliuncc,s  in  trans-  I 
planting  trees,  it  may  hai.pcn  that  the  trees  will 
be  r(>coived  from  tlie  nursery  without  a  broken 
fiber  or  a  blemish  ;  it  may  happen  that  tlie  iiatu-  ' 
ral  earth  is  that  best  adapted  to  those  trees; — 
that  the  day  will  prove  cloudy  and  the  subse¬ 
quent  woatlior  faviirablo.  It  may  occur,  in  short, 
that  the  trees  will  greedily  accept  whatever  is 
presented  to  them  —  but,  as  we  have  already  in- 
cun’ed  the  greatest  cxficnsc.  it  is  the  least  wise  j 
to  neglect  several  details,  the  observance  of  I 
which  will  facilitate  in  so  high  a  degree  the  i 
safet}'  and  welfare  of  the  plant. 
The  pre.servation  of  fibrous  roots  intact  is  that 
'  iijion  which  the  success  of  transplantuig  almost 
j  wholly  depends.  Tlicre  would  Iki  no  occasion 
whatever  to  consider  the  best  liinos  for  trans¬ 
planting,  if  frees  conld  he  removed  withont  the 
sUghtest  injury  to  their  fibrous  roots  —  and  mid¬ 
summer  would  answer  just  as  well  as  fall  or 
^  sjiring.  In  the  iirojiorfion  that  injmv  is  done  to 
I  the  JibruuH  roots,  the  vigor  or  life  of  the  plant  is 
I  weakened  or  endangered,  fl.  i 
I  .\1I  ]iarts  of  the  mots  are,  concerned  in  the 
I  procurement  of  water  and  tin- gases  cUssolvotl  in 
I  it — but  it  is  the  new  and  thin-cailled  parte  and 
lihrils  w  hich  al'MOiji  most  freely.  In  spring  the 
I  buds  wliieli  were  fonued  during  the  last  season’s 
:  giowtli.  lire  ready  to  break  forth  as  soon  as  the 
I  ground  is  tliawud  and  frosts  ecasc.  Every  stem. 
■  hraTicli,  bi  iiiu-hUtt  mid  bud  commence  their  work. 
I  Exhiilafion  begins.  Vncmims  are  foniied  which 
I  induce  the  flow  of  sap  from  subjacent  cells — and 
I  these  from  cidls  still  honoatli,  until  the  roots  arc 
1  called  into  ai'tion  and  the  tree  is  fairly  at  work. 
The  flume  of  a  kerosene  lump  may  be.  compared 
to  tlic  wiuaiith  and  iiir  whieli  cause  tlio  evapora- 
I  tion  from  the  surface  of  trea-s.  The  wick  may 
be  considered  the  stem  and  l•(MJts  through  wliich 
.  the  sap  is  forced  upward  liy  the  )irc8surcof  the 
atmosjihcrc  to  refill  the  cells  which  by  the  flame 
.  in  one  case,  and  by  heat  and  air  in  the  otlicr. 
have  been  made  empty.  As  evaporation  from 
the  leaves,  etc.,  becomes  rapid,  tlie  roots  are 
called  upon  to  act  with  corresponding  activity  to 
j  supply  the  loss,  and  so  long  as  the  demand  and 
supply  are  equal,  the  health.v  fnmtioiis  of  the 
^  plant  arc  executed.  The  crude  sap  is  inspissated 
and.  combined  with  the  carbon  of  the  air.  is 
i  ready  to  feed  now  Imds.  leaves  and  wood,  accord- 
;  ing  to  the  iilant’s  nature.  Tlie.  laiwer  of  tlic 
'  leaves  and  stems  fo  exlialo  depends  nism  the 
I  jKiwer  of  the  lihrouH  roots  to  absoiii  and  upon 
I  this  co-o]icrafinn  the  life  of  the  plant  depends, 
'  If  the  enrih  in  w  Inch  the  plant  gi’ows  iMieomes 
I  somewhat  diy.  the  pores  (stomata )  of  the  leaves 
contract  so  as  to  check  the  diaui  which  the  roots 
can  no  longer  siqiply.  But  persiiiratiiin  eonlin- 
ucs.  though  lessened  to  adapt  itself  to  this  de- 
i  creased  siqiply  as  fiu’  as  the  mcclianism  of  the 
plant  enii hies  it  so  to  do.  If  now  the  earth  Isi- 
come  more  dry,  the  roots  labor  in  vain  to  ]>cr- 
form  tlieir  oftice  —  the  depeiidciit  eo-opcriitive 
leaves,  no  longer  supplied  witli  material  out  of 
wliich  to  provide  the  plant's  fcsid,  droirp  and, 
I  unless  relief  siwedily  come,  wither  and  die,  as  a 
last  service  to  the  plant  which  bore  them — .shiee. 
,  with  the  smiic  slructurc.  they  could  only  have 
i  survived  upon  the  vital  tissues  of  the  plnnl.  it- 
j  self.  The  plant,  having  thus  parted  with  those 
uieinhers  which  of  the  first  iniiKirtance  in 
healtli,  are  tho  first  to  ho  sacrirteed  in  delnlity  — 
as  the  sick  hinniiii  palient  is  constraiiu.d  to  re¬ 
linquish  the  food  and  exercise  of  a  vigorous 
state  -may  still  live  until  rain  once  moix)  invig¬ 
orates  the  enfeebled  roots  find  fresh  loaves  are 
developed  tor  cstore  its  wont  (3d  equilibrimu,  (2). 
This  ilisleHliiig  Ik  (.iiie  of  Nature's  rcinedioH  an 
adaptation  of  o»lgi3  to  income — a  curtadnieut  of 
extended  parts  to  a  frailer  foundation  and  it 
offers,  as  it  seoins  to  us,  a  very  jilausihlo  reason 
wliy,  in  IrHiispliinting,  tho  branches  of  trees, 
shrubs  or  perennial  plants  of  any  dcHeription, 
,  should  he  pi  lined  so  as  to  re-establish,  as  nearly 
'  as  niaylH'!,  the  nurinal  relationshiii  between  the  I 
I  aerial  and  subterranean  systems.  (3).  ^ 
There  are  few  rural  jicoplc  that  do  not  know 
the  importuncis  of  chcrislung  evciw  fibrous  root 
I  during  the  uiicnilioii  of  transj.ilanting — but  we 
have  seen  Ihein— not  imfrcqucntly  eitlier— act  as 
I  if  they  knew  uotliing  about  it.  Bundles  of  trees 
and  shrubs  are  received  from  the  nnrscries.  tho 
bagging  und  st  raw  tom  off  and  tlie  roots  exposed 
to  air  and  sun  imtil  the  last  i.s  planted — in  which 
ease  "  the  kpt  flhall  ‘uof,  ’  be  first '*  only  in  die. 
Evaporation  goes  on  in  a  greatly  incrausiug  ratio 
with  the  violence  of  the  wind— a  great  deal  of 
lieut  is  thus  rendered  latent  and  cold  is  produced  j 
upon  tlie  evajjoratiug  surface.  Hence  e/fier  pro-  I 
diiecs  cold  in  the  hand  by  its  quick  eva|X3ra-  I 
tion.  Hence,  in  order  to  hasten  ('‘vaporation,  we  i 
“  blow’’  our  tea  and  coffof — at  least  those  of  us 
who  arc  lawless  enough  to  do  so.  A  high  wind, 
with  Hie  thermometer  1(1  above,  seems  colder 
than  a  still  air  with  K)  below  zero.  The  atmos- 
phei'o  of  warmth  that  radiates  from  all  bodies  is 
e\  ery  instant  dissipated  by  wiud,  and  its  place  is  j 
every  instant  filled  with  fresh,  cold  air.  Hence  i 
it  is  that  water  perfectly  quiet  has  been  cooled  . 
to  15  without  solidifying — while  if  agitated  it  ' 
freezes  at  unce  and  the  thermometer  will  regis¬ 
ter  32.  And  thus  it  is  that  the  fibers  of  roots — 
the  luiuoto.  growing  points — most  ser\  iceable  in 
absorption,  when  exposed  to  sun  and  wmd,  are 
dried  to  death  in  a  few  mornent-s  and  the  fuuo- 
tioiiH  of  tho  plant  crippled  accordingly.  Many 
catalogues  i-econiniend  in  their  "  Hints  to  Plant- 
ers'’  to  phake  a  tree  iqi  und  down  while  setting 
it— a  very  simple  and  eftieacions  method  of  dc- 
stroviiig  these  tender  threads.  The  earth  presses  I 
hard  upon  them,  and  a  sudden  jerk  upw  ard  must  | 
wound  and  break,  while  the  downward  mova- 
ment  must  still  further  bend  and  entangle  them.  , 
If  necessary  to  transplant  during  wiudy  or  srmny  I 
days,  protect  the  roots  cwry  rnomeril  and  keep  | 
them  moist  without  an  interval  until  the  last  one 
]  is  jilaccd  in  tho  ground.  Shelter  them  even 
j  wiiile  they  are  being  carried  to  the  prepared  hole. 
!  If  tho  weather  is  not  moist,  choose  early  morn¬ 
ing  for  planting— because  as  tho  plants  do  not 
j  i3erKpirc  during  darkness,  while  the  roots  con¬ 
tinue  to  absorb,  they  are  then  jirovided  with  tho 
greatest  store  of  sap.  If  the  ground  is  in  the 
least  inclined  to  dryness,  flood  the  liolcs  with 
tepid  water— puddle  to  within  a  few  inches  of  the 
top,  stake  tlic  tree,  even  if  small,  and  finally 
cover  the  ground  witli  grass,  moss,  sawdust, 
j  sliiiw  or  hay,  which  will  retain  tho  moistiue  and 
j  go  far  toward  oslablishing  that  equilibrium  bo- 
j  tween  the  roots  and  the  branches,  buds  and 
j  leaves  most  conducive  to  a  healtliy  development 
and  growth, 
I  Wc  need  not  here  relcr  to  the  iidvi.sabihty  of 
liiggiug  large,  deep  holes— of  providing  a  siifti- 
eiency  of  good  soil,  etc.  All  these  arc  desirable 
if  wc  would  look  to  the  ultimate  tree:  if  we 
would  have  oniarncntal  trees  develop  then-  finest 
foniis,  and  fruit  lines  their  finest,  liuits.  But 
they  are  not  otherwiso  indispensable.  We  only 
ivish  to  impress  upon  our  readers  the  degree  of 
j  jmjKirtaiKN!  whicli  should  attacli  to  a  preservation 
j  of  the  fibrous  roots. 
(1.)  We  were  obliged  to  transplant  a  five-year- 
old  cherry  free  in  llie  middle  of  August.  We 
endeavisrod  to  hold  a  liall  of  earth  about  the 
roots,  but  it  fell  off  as  the  tree  was  raised  from 
its  liolc.  Having  lieen  transplanted  the  year 
jircviously,  tho  fibers  were  in  no  way  injtirr-d,  so 
that,  plwed  in  its  new  hole  and  wutered  every 
other  day  for  two  weeks,  ntit  a  leaf  was  lost. 
(2.)  In  tiic  Tropics,  the  leaves  iKrfonn  their 
work  during  the  wot  season  and,  becomiug  clog¬ 
ged  with  insoluble  matter  dejmslted  in  their  tin- 
sues.  tell,  being  of  no  fimther  service,  upon  the 
advent  of  tho  dry  iK-riixl,  when  them  presence 
vvonld  only  exliaust  the  plant  by  exhalations 
which  tlie  roots  could  not  replace. 
(3.)  Ho,  on  the  other  hand,  if  iilants  grow  in 
moist,  stagnant  grounds  or  incessant  rains  and  a 
satiu-ated  air  .supply  water  which  tlie  plant  can¬ 
not  throw  (ViT,  the  sap  is  stagnated  -decomposi¬ 
tion  and  appropriation  eunnot  take  place ;  the 
roots  arc  rotted  and  dissolved  in  conn pting  acid 
formations- the  tree  Is  surfeited  and  tUsoaso 
■suecoeds  to  the  watciv'.  pulpy  growth.  It  fol¬ 
lows  that  if  trees  at  the  lime  of  transjilantaUon 
have  attained  to  any  considerable  size,  they  may 
I  be  us  much  injured  by  being  cut  back  too  'much 
as  too  little,  because  the  scanty  elaborating  ma- 
ti'iiii!  would  prove  insnlllcient  for  the  supimrl  of 
the  stem  and  rnots,  whieli  have  been  developed 
to  their  jiresent  size  by  a  greater  extent  of  leaf- 
surface.  E.  H.  Carman. 
Itlvcr  Edge,  lU-rgHii  Co.,  N.  J. 
FERTILIZERS  FOR  FRUIT. 
j  The  Hcienlillo  Kanucr  answers  the  following 
questions  from  a  corresjioudent,  which  may  be 
of  interest  to  some  of  our  readers : 
What  are  the  chomioalB  necessary  to  supply 
fruit  trees,  apple,  iH;ar  and  cherry,  in  bearing,  to 
produ(.;c  crop.s  of  fruits  }  tVould  young  growing 
trees  need  nunc  jiotnsh  than  trees  in  bearing  f 
There  arc  so  many  naxlifying  cuTunistanoes 
and  conditions  connected  with  and  controlhiig 
tho  production  ot  fruit  tiiat  the  question  of 
i  fertilizers  is  only  one  of  many.  But  to  answer 
the  (picstiou  directly  we  sh'juld  say.  tliat  if  the 
Soil  produced  tlirifty  growing  trees  nitr(3gcnous 
mumucs  should  be  avoided,  since  such  tend  to 
develop  foliage  and  wood  at  the  expense  of  fruit. 
To  develop  fruit-buds  matiu-e  wood  is  necessary. 
Homo  slowly  decomposing  nitrogenous  substance 
in  tho  soil,  like  liorn  shavings,  leather  scraps 
etc.,  would  supply  necessary  niteogen  to  the 
trees  without  forcing  the  growtli  of  wood.  If 
Hie  wood  waste  our  subscriber  mentioned  in  his 
lettfai'  is  of  the  same  nattme  us  the  above,  we 
think,  lie  has  just  tlie  material  at  hand.  The 
flesh  of  fruits  contain  much  jiotash  la  combina¬ 
tion  witli  the  fruity  acids,  also  hme ;  and  the 
seeds  jiliosplioric  acid.  Therefore  we  advise  the 
ajiphcatlon  each  year,  j)cr  aero,  of  from  200  to 
250  pounds  of  hone  dust,  300  ti.>  lOO  jmuuds  sul- 
jihate  of  jHitash.  the  latter  guaranteed  to  contain 
35  to  10  )3er  coni,  of  sulphate  of  potash.  This 
would  give  us  70  to  80  jiounds  of  potash,  50  to  00 
pounds  of  phosphoric  acid,  and  GO  to  70  pounds 
of  hme  (from  the  bones),  1(1  to  20  iwunds  of 
nitrogen,  and  some  magnesia  m  the  potash  fertil¬ 
izer,  etc.  Hucli  teeatnieiit  has  been  found  suc¬ 
cessful  by  fruit  growers  in  both  this  coimtry  and 
Euroiie.  tVe  should  apply  broadcast  in  the  fall 
to  the  surface,  and  leave  it  to  the  rain.i  to  iucor- 
ivorate  with  the  soil,  or  at  luost  onlv  harrow  the 
fertilizer  in.  A  ton  of  diy,  ludoached  wood 
icshe.s  per  acre  would  fm  iiish  nearly  the  same  in¬ 
gredients.  The  same  aiuoimt  of  tniueral  phos¬ 
phates  as  mentioued  of  hones  would  fm’ujsh 
more  phosphoric  acid,  but  in  a  more  insoluble 
condition.  Frof.  CiocssuiuiLn  is  now  eugagijd  in 
expermieut»  upon  feeding  fruit  Uces,  grapes, 
etc.,  and  wo  hope  that  at  no  distant  day  to  pre¬ 
sent  some  more  interesting  facts  in  this  connec¬ 
tion 
'tile  answer  to  the  sewond  question  is. apparent¬ 
ly  from  the  prec'cding.  Though  potash  is  neces¬ 
sary’  to  the  lu’oduction  of  I’lniiL  and  we  apply’  it 
for  that  pui’pose,  yet  it  is  plain  that  Iiefora  the 
tree  is  mutiu-e  enough  for  such  production,  less 
potash  is  required  than  when  in  bearing. 
