MOORE’S  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
Jam  (fitoiiomp. 
THE  FAEMEE’S  STOCK  IN  TEADE. 
t'vof.  8.  W.  JoiiNsoK,  in  hia  valuable  book, 
“  How  Crops  Grow."  Bays,  “Nitrogen,  poUvBli 
and  phosplioric  acid  are,  inosl  commonly,  tlie 
BubstauccB  whoBC  ubtience  or  deftcicucy  impaii’M 
fertility,  ami  are  tboHe  wliich.  wben  added  an 
fertilizers,  produce  the  most  frequent  and  re¬ 
markable  inereaKe  of  produetlveiieHS.” 
Prof,  F.  M.  Stoker,  in  the  Bulletin  of  the 
BuBsey  lnBlitiiti<tii,  BayH,  “To  maintain  tlie  ler- 
tiUty  of  a  field  producing  Huccessivo  crops  of 
barley,  it  shoulil  receive  an  annual  dreBsing  of 
phosphoric  add.  nitiogeu  and  ]iotaHh,  in  the  pro¬ 
portion  of  1,  2  and 
Gf.o.  Viom..  the  great  French  experimenter. 
sayB,  “  Nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid,  potash  and 
lime  are  the  indiapensuble  agents  for  keeping  up 
the  fertility  of  soils  and  obtaining  all  kinds  of 
crops." 
Prof.  Stockuuiuoe  of  the  Massachusetts  Agri¬ 
cultural  College,  iu  the  BcientiUc  Farmer,  says, 
“Wc  have  found  by  experimenting  for  four 
yoai'S— feeding  plants  in  plots  and  boxes  that 
Nature  supplies  to  most  crops  all  materials  in 
sufficient  quantities,  except  nitrogen,  potash  and 
phosphoric  acid.  Tliese  three  we  must  suitply, 
J.  B.  Lawes  of  BotJiamsted.  Eng.,  whose  ex¬ 
periments  have  extended  ovei  a  quarter  of  a 
ceutury.  .says.  “Tlio  only  substances  really  re- 
quiicd  in  artilicial  manures  are  nitrogen  and 
phosphate  of  lime."  His  soil  is  undoubtedly 
well  supplied  with  potash. 
Prof  .1.  It.  Niciions,  Editor  of  Die  Boston 
Journal  of  (.Ihinnisfry,  says,  in  Fireside  Science, 
“  Without  niti  ogeu  not  a  stalk  of  corn  nor  a 
blade  of  wlieat  can  grow.  Phosjihorus  is  so  es¬ 
sential  an  ingredient  iu  the  food  of  plants  that 
not  oue  of  any  kind  can  llouiish  without  it. 
Potash  holds  a  most  uniKu  taiit  place  iu  the  list 
of  substances  consumed  by  iiliiuts." 
Id  view  of  the  foregoing  testimony  of  the 
higliest  autfiorities  in  this  country  and  Europe, 
wo  may  regard  the  farmer  as  a  manufacturer 
whoso  raw  materials  aie  nitrogen,  potash  nud 
phosphoric  acid,  which  he  must  pj-ocurc  in  the 
cheapest  available  forms  uud  oouv'crt,  through 
the  agency  of  the  forces  of  Nature,  into  valuable 
animal  and  vegetable  sirutdiires.  He  wlio  buys 
a  farm  obi aius  with  the  farm  a  cei  tahi  amount 
of  those  t  hree  elements  of  plants.  To  make  his 
business  prolilable  and  permanent,  lie  must  at 
the  same  lime  keep  good  the  supply  of  nitro¬ 
gen.  potash  and  ph6sphoric  acid,  and  sell  enougli 
of  the  liijishcd  products  to  pay  expenses  and 
give  a.  fair  profit.  Tlie  amount  of  his  gains  de¬ 
pends  iu  part  upon  Ids  skill  m  obtaining  his 
stock  of  plant  food.  He  must  be  a  piudeut 
buyer,  as  well  as  a  skillful  manufactun-r  and 
salesman.  He  must  not  Jiay  fifty  cents,  m  tune 
or  cash,  fur  Die  nitrogwn,  potash  and  phosphoric 
acid  to  make  100  pounds  of  uulk,  when  it  ean  be 
had  for  fifteen  cents.  In  other  words,  he  must 
know  all  about  the  sources  of  supiily  and  be  on 
tbe  alert  to  secure  what  he  ueeds  at  the  Lest  ad¬ 
vantage.  lb  must  also  understand  the  special 
needs  of  the  crops  he  raise.s,  that  he  may  know 
how  lai’gely  to  invest  in  uiliogcn,  how  much  in 
potash  ami  how  much  iu  phosphorio  acid.  Ex- 
l>erieiice  has  taught  men  everywhere  Diat  all  dt^ 
cayed  animal  and  vegetable  substances  are  effi¬ 
cient  fertilizers.  From  the  chemist  they  learn 
that  the  value  of  a  ton  of  good  barnyard  com¬ 
post  is  found  mainly  in  the  9  lbs.  of  phosphoric 
acid,  10  lbs.  of  potash  and  15  lbs.  of  nitrogen 
which  it  contains. 
But  even  though  the  home  supply  of  fertilizers 
be  caiefully  kept  from  waste  and  returued  to  the 
Helds,  still  their  fertility  must  gradually  decline 
through  Die  sale  of  farm  products  and  the 
washing  of  tains,  iiiiless  something  be  added 
frain  without.  Besides,  the  progressive  farmer 
is  not  satisfied  u  ith  a  crop  <>f  IHlji  bushels  por 
acre  of  wheat,  31  bushels  of  corn  or  100  bushels 
of  potatoes,  Die  average  yield  iu  the  State  of 
New  York.  To  raise  the  yield  to  a  point  at 
which  fai-miug  pays  well,  the  tlrst  step  must 
ordiiiai-ilv  he  to  lay  in  a  laiger  stock  of  nitrogen, 
potash  and  phosphoric  aeid.  But  if  every  fiuin 
needs  all  its  fertility,  and  if  most  farms  need  an 
increase  of  fertdlitv',  whence  shall  the  supplies 
come  ?  ’Fhe  time  was,  uol  many  years  ago,  when 
evei'y  farmer  found  an  abundance  of  fuel  on  his 
owu  faiTU ;  but  now,  wben,  after  years  of  free 
use  and  sale,  he  finds  the  supply  deficient,  he 
turns  to  the  vast  coal  fields  of  Pennsylvania  for 
his  supply.  Again,  petroleum  has  supplanted 
the  home-made  tallow  dip.  In  like  maimer  the 
chemist  has  shown  the  adaptation  of  vast  geo¬ 
logical  deposits,  rich  iu  uitrugeii.  potash  and 
phosphoric  acid,  to  meet  the  demands  of  agri- 
culturi.sts  for  more  fertilizers.  Guano  is  one  of 
the  best  luiowu  of  these  deposits.  Chemical 
analysis  ha's  shown  that  one  ton  of  the  best 
guano  is  ecfual  in  fertilizing  elements  to  fifty 
tons  of  good  barnyard  manure,  and  the  experi¬ 
ence  of  market  gardeners,  who  hud  it  profitable 
t  $70  per  ton,  gold,  confiims  the  chemical  esD- 
iLJ 
mate.  There  has  been  discovered  iu  our  own 
country  an  ifiexbaustible  supjdy  of  phosphoric 
acid.  iTesident  Cuauk  of  the  .Massachusetts 
Agriciiltmal  College  says.  “’I'lie  whole  world 
may  come  to  Charleston,  run  their  ships  up  the 
Ashley  and  Cooper  Kivers  and  take  iu  cargoes  of 
jihosphates  anywhere  along  their  banks.”  The 
material  is  found  in  the  form  of  nodules  about 
the  size  of  a  man’s  list,  whieh  contain  about  70 
per  cent,  of  phosphate  of  lime,  or  32  per  cent, 
of  phosphoric  a<ud,  seventy  times  as  much  as 
barnyard  iiiumirc.  Another  great  storehouse  of 
feiDlizers,  childly  potassio,  twenty -five  miles 
square  and  twelve  hunched  feet  thick,  was  dis¬ 
covered,  a  few  years  since,  at  BtasKfurth,  Ger¬ 
many.  Other  stores  as  vast  may  yet  be  found, 
Here  and  there  all  over  the  world  an-  i.maller 
supplies,  beds  of  muck  and  marl  and  all  the 
waste  and  sewage  of  towns  and  cities. 
Wiu-saw,  N.  V.  f.  H.  lUKK. 
— - ♦♦♦ - - 
HOW  ONE  FAKMEE  IMPEOVES  HIS  SOIL, 
Mil.  T.  J.  Fi.shkr,  having  become  impressed 
with  the  idea  that  much  of  his  barnyard  manure 
was  going  to  waste,  devised  the  following  method 
of  saving  it,  whicii  he  tells  iu  the  Maine  Farmer  : 
“  1  know  1  now  make  twice  the  value  of  manure 
at  my  farm  that  J  did  by  simply  throwing  it  out 
of  the  window  to  take  a  washing,  as  is  now  prac¬ 
ticed  at  almost  every  hum.  After  experinieuting 
a  few  ycais,  I  became  salisned  that  the-  hqind 
manure  was  very  valuable  and  too  good  to  be 
lost.  1  at  last  put  under  my  tie-ui^  a  plank 
reservoii  and  calked  it.  and  now  save  the  liquids 
and  solids  entire  ri'oui  my  cattle  while  at  the 
barn,  i  never  allow  them  to  stand  in  the  yard 
at  any  lime.  In  siiinnier,  at  night,  they  come  up 
to  the  barn  and  go  into  their  stalls  as  if  they 
meaut  business,  J  throw  m  beliind  them  old 
pickle,  loam,  hine,  plaster,  ashes,  dry  chip  dirt, 
etc.  It  all  work.s  down  and  comes  out  Die  best 
of  maiiuie.  H'  this  plan  was  generally  adopted, 
we  can  see  at  unco  what  we  should  gain  in  an  ag- 
ricultm'al  point  of  view.  Huch  manm’o  as  this, 
when  apjjliod  to  the  soil,  holds  out  remai'kably 
well.  Green  crop  plowing  I  know  nothing  about, 
but  I  tbinlc  it  best  to  adopt  the  above  plan  fh'st. 
This  would  assure  you  better  crops  to  turn  in. 
'J’be  moat  of  our  faiius  lu  the  older  part  of  the 
8taf.e  wuiiid  not  produce  a  green  croj)  until  the 
land  is  lii'st  manmod.  1  look  upon  this  as  the 
best  and  cheapest  way  our  farms  can  he  brought 
back  to  jiroductivenesB.” 
Veryif^uy  farmers  have  several  hundred  loads 
of  good  manure  iu  the  bottom  of  theu'  barii- 
yai’ds  from  the  saturation  it  iias  received  by 
years  of  filtration  from  the  manure  left  iu  hc.apif 
in  winter  aud  sjirnig.  In  all  cases  the  bottom  of 
a  nianiu  e  heap,  even  Uiough  only  earth,  is  richer 
than  the  coarse  and  strawy  portions  whicli  fanii- 
ors  are  usually  very  itarefiil  to  Vcmovc.  This 
flue  manure  at  the  hottom  of  maum'o  heaps  is 
iu  good  eoudiDou  t<.»  use  on  meadows,  aud  espe¬ 
cially  oil  young  elover.  A  few  days'  work  with 
teams  aud  wagons,  clearing  out  tbe  last  remnant 
of  manure  iu  spring,  wLU  well  ivfiay  the  trouble 
and  cost  in  imfuoved  crops  and  greater  fertility 
of  Die  soil.  It  is  not  worth  while  to  say  any¬ 
thing  against  the  piuchase  of  fertilizers;  hut 
certainly  no  fanner  can  alTord  to  buy  wliilc  be 
does  not  make  the  most  of  the  mamiie  made  iu 
bi.s  own  barnyard,  lii  fact,  it  is  this  class  of 
fanners  who  lU'St  feci  tbe  necessity  of  increasing 
the  I'erDlity  of  their  farms  faster  than  their  best 
efforts  can  do  it. 
EYE  AS  A  GEEEN  MANUEE. 
Boot’s  Gai'deu  Manual  speaks  highly  of  Eye 
as  a  green  inauure,  especially  for  gardoners,  or 
where  farmers  have  not  time  to  wait  two  years 
for  a  clover  crop  to  reach  maturity,  NYc  have 
often  thought  that  rye  might  be  profitably  sown 
on  alJ  fall-ijlowed  laud,  if  only  as  a  protection 
for  the  fine  smfaee  soil  from  washing  or  blowing 
in  winter.  It  could  also  be  sown  on  corn  and 
potato  stubble  aud  harrowed  in  without  plowing, 
and  in  the  spring  would  often  ulTord  a  bite  of 
fresh  feed  earlier  than  any  kind  of  grass.  Of 
its  value  as  a  green  manure,  Mr.  liouT  says  : 
Alter  tijiug  many  different  green  crops,  I  am 
quite  certain  that  for  the  gardener,  and  often 
the  farmer,  iu  the  West,  nothing  is  so  \  alnable 
as  rye.  Its  growth  is  made  late  in  autumn  luid 
early  in  spring,  at  a  time  when  httle  else  will 
grow,  so  that  the  ground  is  free  for  this  particu¬ 
lar  use.  Iu  fact,  all  the  tender  vegetables  arc  off' 
in  time  to  sow  it  hi  September,  and  the  ground 
is  not  needed  for  them  again  till  May,  by  which 
time  the  rye  will  be  as  heavy  as  can  be  plow'cd 
under.  Upon  the  farm,  loo,  it  comes  in  nicely, 
if  the  sncceeduig  crop  is  to  be  corn,  roots  or  po¬ 
tatoes,  and  more  particularly  sowed  corn  for 
fodder,  for  which  it  seems  especially  adapted. 
Even  after  corn  1  succeed  well  with  it,  sowing  it 
broadcast  and  cultivating  it  iu.  leaviug  the  corn 
hills  standing,  as  they  gather  snow  and  help  to 
protect  the  rye  in  winter.  I  sow  the  seed  thickly 
-  about  six  pecks  to  the  acre— aud  early  if  pos¬ 
sible,  so  that  the  plants  shall  stool  out  before 
winter,  endure  exposure  better,  and  make  a 
quicker  and  larger  growth  iu  Die  spring.  Wben 
the  ground  is  wanted  for  planting— usually  from 
May  2(1  to  June  1— we  timi  it  under  with  a  chain.  I 
It  is  often  tliree  feet  high,  and  thick  as  only 
such  a  heavy  crop  can  be,  but  with  a  heavy  chain  , 
hung  from  the  end  of  a  wliiffletree  crossbar  to  1 
the  plow  beam  with  slack  enough  so  that  it  will 
drag  Just  ahead  of  the  uprising  fm-row,  it  will 
pull  down  every  stalk  into  tlie  empty  furrow  as 
nicely  as  it  could  be  laid  by  baud,  and  tlie  wliole  \ 
iiiasH  huriixl  out  of  sight.  A  little  practice  will  ' 
BOOM  teach  just  the  uiiiomit  of  slack  needed.  ! 
My  atk-iition  was  tlrst  called  to  the  value  of  ' 
this  croji  for  imtnure  ulniust  by  accident.  8oine  | 
years  ago,  just  at  planting  time,  I  found  myself 
abort  of  suitable  land  for  still  anothf  r  variety  of 
seed  melons,  which  I  was  obliged  to  grow,  and  I 
leased  ten  acres  of  land  upon  wbicli  a  crop  of  rye 
w'as  growing.  Tliis  I  turned  under  and  pluiitisl 
to  Nutmeg  .Melon.  'I’he  occasional  straws  stiek- 
iug  uji  gave  the  held  a  ragged  ajqiearaiiee  for  a 
time,  hut  when  iiiidsmiimer  drouth  was  uism  us 
and  other  fields  siicoumhed,  this  oue  looked  as 
fresh  aud  vigorous  as  could  be,  aud  in  fruiting  it 
even  exceeded  the  jiromise  its  apjiearance  gave. 
The  yield  of  seed  was  more  than  one-half  larger 
than  on  similar  land  in  good  heai't.  but  not  green 
maum’od.  1  liave  practii>ed  it  ever  siiiee.  and 
always  with  satisl'aidioii.  the  results  the  last  sea- 
sou  being,  on  some  tields,  more  sti-ikiug  than  iu 
any  previous  year.  Its  wunderful  efficiency  in  | 
liromoting  the  yield  Is  due,  1  approheiid.  not 
only  to  tile  available  lertihty  it  furnishes,  but 
also  to  its  mecbauicul  ell'ei't  on  the  soil,  and 
thus  maintaining  moisture  through  our  worst 
drouths. 
(11'  course  I  would  myself,  aud  would  recom¬ 
mend  others  to  get  every*  forkful  of  maume  to  be 
had  uud  ai.plyit.  And  yet.  upon  the  same  land, 
1  would,  in  addition,  apply  green  manure  wheii- 
c\ej  practicable.  The  labor  of  apijlyiiig  evenly 
forty  loads  of  luaiiurc  per  acre  is  considerable. 
All  tllis  is  done  more  evenly  by  the  green  crop. 
Seed  and  labor  together  cost  me  but  $3.50  per 
acre.  I  cannot  say  that  it  adds  as  much  fertility 
to  the  soil  as  forty  loads  of  manure,  but  I  do  say 
that  in  our  dronthy  seasons  it  prudui-os  as  great 
ail  increase  of  crop  as  do  forty  two-horse  loads 
of  good  inauure.  It  certainly  pajTh  to  practice 
it,  aud  to  practice  it  largely,  even  on  land  well 
supplied  with  stable  manure,  as  that  increases 
the  vigor  and  growth  of  the  green  crop,  w  hieh  is 
immediately,  with  addition,  returned  to  the  soil. 
Jifli)  (L'rojjs, 
GEASS  IS  KING. 
lx  an  able  adilress  of  Charles  Seymour  before 
the  Wisconsin  State  Board  of  Agriculture  on  the 
11th  iiist.,  we  find  the  following  remarks  on  this 
important  subject.  No  State  iu  the  Union  is 
better  adapted  to  grass  aud  stoclt-growiug  than 
this,  and  this  extract  will  be  found  very  prolitable 
and  interesting  to  our  rcaaers : 
British  agriculture  i«  ahuost  perfection.  Tak¬ 
ing  the  fanners  of  (Jreat  Britain  as  our  iiistrue- 
toi's.  we  may  derive  some  valuable  hints  from 
their  experieiuse.  Of  the  llfty  millions  of  acres 
under  cultivation  in  the  United  Kiugdom  of 
Great  Britain,  less  than  twelve  iiiillious  of  acies 
are  devolod  to  "  wliito  crops  "  or  cereals  ;  while  , 
ovt'i*  twenty-six  millions  of  acres  are  kept  hi  per-  I 
mauent  pastiuuge ;  six  millions  of  acres  under 
clover  aud  rotation  grasses  j  and  six  milUous  of  . 
aaes  devoted  to  tmnips  and  other  vegetables. 
England.  Wales.  .Seotlaud  and  Ireland*  have 
about  tw'ij  and  t.hree-fourlhs  iniilions  of  Jioi’ses. 
ten  millions  of  cattle,  aud  over  thirty  milliuns  of 
sheep.  Eopctitioii  of  white  or  graiu  crops  is  not 
permitted.  Instead  of  tiie  old  process  of  restor¬ 
ing  or  testing  land  by  keeping  it  fallow  every 
fourth  veai',  wliich  was  equivalent  to  the  perma- 
iienl  withdrawal  of  oiie-quarter  of  the  tillable 
land  from  cultivatioii,  the  turnip  crop,  with  its 
broad  leaves  that  shield  the  soil  from  tiio  rays  of 
the  run.  and  with  its  untiitious  roots  that  are 
fed,  before  npeiihig,  to  cattle  and  slieep,  is  re¬ 
sorted  to  as  the  most  eff  ectual  mothod  of  benelil- 
uig  both  land  aud  stock  ;  as  liienuial  plants  de-  | 
rivo  tlieir  cliief  nourishment  from  the  ah,  and  ^ 
do  uot  e.xliuust  the  soil,  if  used  before  they 
ripen.  I 
Furly-two  acres  iu  over  one  hundred  acres  in  i 
England,  and  sixty-four  iu  every  oue  liuudved  I 
acTes  iu  Ireland  are  pastiu-o.  England  imports  i 
only  live  per  cent,  of  meats  consumed.  The  ' 
capacity  of  land  when  kept  up  to  its  utmost  pro-  i 
ductive’iiess  in  doiisely  populattsl  countries  of 
Europe  is  demonstrated  in  the  ability  of  many 
(ilk-r.s  of  English  soil,  besides  paying  heavy  i 
rents,  to  support  a  large  family  on  the  priKjuct.s  . 
of  six  acres  of  laud;  and  in  Gennauy.  tvfo  aei-es  ! 
of  laud  yielded  a  siiuilaj  amount  of  subsistence  ;  1 
while  in*  France,  where  the  long  and  narrow  rib- 
bou-liko  farms  are  cultivated  almost  as  carefully 
as  gardens,  the  capacity  of  laud  has  reached 
Western  credulity,  i'lie  French  faraiers  seem  to 
enjoy  great  , benefits  from  the  culture  of  the 
sugar  beet :  aud  oue  faini  that  is  owned  by 
Mousier  De  Condaiiie.  located  on  tlie  Touramc, 
valued  at  two  uiilhuiis  of  francs,  or  about  four 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  with  sugar,  liuen  and 
woolen  factoi-ies  thereon,  sends  to  market  annu- 
allv  one  thousand  head  of  fat  cattle.  The  an¬ 
nual  income  of  thisfarm  is  five  himdicd  thousand 
francs,  or  about  oue  hundred  thuusaud  dollars.  | 
Doubtless,  upon  investigation,  it  would  bo  found  | 
that  beets  and  oil  cuke  contributed  largely  to  tbe  | 
production  of  the  marketable  cattle,  while  the  | 
cattle  and  sheep  contributed  to  the  productiou  of 
the  materials  used  iu  the  f actoiies  *.  aud  that  I 
grass  instead  of  grain  w*as  the  commanding  crop 
of  that  valuable  farm. 
- - - - 
THE  BAELEY  CEOP. 
It  is  a  mooted  question  whether  barley  or  oats 
bring  tbe  most  money  at  tbe  present  average 
prices;  but  we  suspect  that  the  mo.st.  auccessful 
farmers  will  generally  give  prel'erenco  to  barley 
almost  wiflunit  rcfi-rcuce  to  this  question.  Bar¬ 
ley  is  much  less  exhaustive  to  the  soil  than  oats. 
It  is  also  flinch  better  to  seed  with.  and.  where 
u-ied  as  a  tallow  crop,  wheat  will  usually  yield 
five  to  eight  liusliels  more  per  acre  after  barley. 
A  geiii  riil  itnpressioa  has  gone  forth  that  a  great 
amount  of  bulky  will  he  sown  this  year,  and 
tlie  talk  "  ariiong  farmers  is  that  fur  this  sea- 
sun  it  is  Is  tler  to  go  into  sometliiiig  else.  It  is 
imiioHsible  to  tell  imieh  by  this  (o-'t.  The  better 
ml.-  is,  tliat  if  at  sjiring  seeding  in  tin  West 
wlieat  is  below  paying  ialo.s.  a  goutl  deal  of 
ground  intcmled  fur  spring  wheat  will  go  into 
biu  ley.  Owing  to  unprovennTitsiii  uninufaciure 
of  .spi'Uig  wheat  flour,  wheal  in  Wisconsin  and 
Minuesotu  is  now  relatively  higher  than  hailey, 
and  Die  chances  arc  that  in  tin-  NVest  mure  wheat 
and  less  barley  will  be  sown.  It  is  chiellj*  iu 
Wosk-rn  New  i’ork  aud  a  few  counties  in  Feun- 
sylvania  that  barley  divides  the  spring  seccUiig 
with  oats,  for  tiiere  very  Utile  spiiiig  wheat  is 
grown.  There  is,  therefore,  no  reason  as  yel  for 
expecting  saiiiluhage  of  biu  lcy  wiDi  low  prices 
next  fall.  The  i|njintity  sow  n  lu  tbe  whole  coun¬ 
try  IS  ii«  likely  to  be  under  asovi  r  lint  average. 
Barley  needs  to  be  got  in  Dn*  grmiud  very 
early.  We  had  almost  .said  the  eailicv  the  better. 
It  wall  bear  very  shallow* pluvring,  and,  if  the  coin 
or  potato  stubble  is  <•11^111.  it  is  pu.ssilile  that  a 
gang  cultivalur  with  two  Inirscs  would  lit  Die 
Imiil  ijiiieki  i  uud  about  as  well  as  Die  urdiiian' 
jjIow.  The  barli’v  root  s  tin  nut  strike  deeji,  and 
it  is  not  wtirtli  while  to  turn  the  rich  soil,  which 
Is  usually  ou  the  surfiu-e.  to  the  butbnnof  a  deep 
furrow.  11  muinire  Inis  Ltsai  plowed  umler  the 
previous  year  it  is  well  ki  plow  Dial  to  Die  sur- 
bici.:  but,  olliervvise,  shallow  I'lillival  ion  is  pre¬ 
ferable.  As  barley  roots  do  lint  ruii  very  far  the 
plant  ma  ds  richer’  soil  than  oats.  For  this  rea¬ 
son  barley  is  much  the  besl  sjning  griuii  with 
which  to  use  any  eonniien.’ial  fertilizer  lliat  you 
may  have  to  apply.  Barnyard  niamucs  are,  how¬ 
ever,  usually  ks)  fresh  and  .-ilrong  in  spring  and 
eau  b«  betU-r  used  for  corn.  What  is  left  the 
following  spring  w'ill  be  incxcelk  iit  condition  lor 
Use  by  the  barley  crop. 
Fanners  dilTer  as  to  whether  the  tw<)  or  the 
six-rowed  barley  is  most  prutitalde.  '1  lie  two- 
lowi  d  is  a  hirger.  plumper  berry,  and  in  a  dry, 
ti..i  season  will  yiedd  Die  largest  crop.  It  is  also 
later  in  ripening,  giving  a  cliauce  to  get  winter 
wheal  out  of  the  way  liefore  the  liaik-y  is  ready. 
The  six-rowed  barley  is  riiie  fully  us  leu’ly  as 
wlieat,  anil  must  ho  cut  and  hurvi  sted  at  once, 
wlicther  wheat  hurvosl  is  alk  iakd  to  ur  not. 
Oi'cat  care  lua-ds  to  be  lakcn  with  either  kind  of 
b.arley  to  jirevent  injury  by  rains,  as  Du-  slight¬ 
est  sUm  impairs  its  value  for  inalting.  The  six- 
rowod  barley  is  most  liable  ki  juematme  maltiug, 
as  it  sprouta  more  readily  than  Die  utliei .  It  is 
iu  fact  every  way  more  eapneious,  iieed.-i  a  richer 
soil  and  Ix-tler  season,  aiul  in  icluni  hriiigs,  as  it 
ought,  a  slightly  higher  price  in  the  n^arkets. 
VALUE  OF  WHITE  ULUVEE. 
1  UAVK  I'requeiitly  read  articles  Lu  Agricultmal 
Papers  coiidemiuug  wliile  clover  as  a  pastme 
grass  and  also  as  useless  for  a  Honey  i’laiit. 
This  has  iievui*  agreeti  with  my  experience,  as  i 
think  it  one  of  tho  most  vahmhle  griis.ses  we 
have.  When  i  i-eud  Die  article  on  Whitt-  clover 
in  the  last  Buuai.,  by  “  A  Working  Farmer, "  I 
was  reminded  of  a  tow  circumslniices  in  my  ex- 
perieiice  that  so  fiimly  fixed  upon  my  mind  the 
valuw  of  Diis  glass  Uiat  it  will  take  a  good  posi¬ 
tive  proof  to  tiio  contrary  to  eouvinec  me  that  it 
fs  not  a  grass  of  the  finest  quality.  When  1  was 
but  nine  or  ten  years  old  my  father  owned  a 
largo  farm :  a  part  he  rented  to  a  ueighbun-  for  a 
mimbei-  of  years,  but  this  neighbor  iilthe  lime  1 
w  as  of  tho*  above  age,  sold  bis  eff  ects  and  went 
West.  Wo  then  worked  tbe  whole  farm.  There 
was  one  lot  of  eightewi  acii-s  thal  liud  been  left 
l,jy  tllis  neighbor  for  a  pasture  lot  without  sowing 
any  seed.  J  well  remember  gohig  to  this  lot 
baiefootnd  after  tbe  horses  and  how  1  did  delight 
ill  traveling  over  the  white  clover;  it  was  so 
thick  and  cool,  so  soft  aud  velvety  that  I  was  loth 
to  leave. 
A  few  years  later  wc  had  a  twuiily  acre  lot  that 
we  wanted  to  cut  for  hay,  hut  we  had  a  good 
deal  of  ground  to  go  over,  and  of  course  some  of 
it  would  get  pretty  ripe  unless  we  pastured  it 
late  to  keep  it  back  so  it  would  make  good  hay. 
So  we  turned  in  Die  above  lot  about  sixty  sheep 
with  then*  Iflinbs  and  left  them  iii  until  sotiie  time 
iu  Jiuib,  When  we  took  them  out  it  dulu't  look 
tis  if  we  would  evor  cut  iimch  hay  la  that  lot, 
but,  when  we  cut  Die  grass  it  wa.s  as  thick  as  the 
wool  on  the  sheeps'  hacks ;  wliite  ckmr  about 
a  foot  high  aud  timothy  about  two  feet,  uud  we 
took  over  forty  tons  of  hay  off  tliat  field.  Any 
one  can  judge’ it  must  have  been  thick  because  it 
was  not  lull.  About  tho  .same  time,  1  think  the 
same  season,  aftci*  taking  Die  sheep  out  of  the 
meadow  we  Uiriied  them  iu  a  sixteen  acre  lot 
just  across  the  road  aud  kept  Diem  Uiere  most  of 
the  season:  they  kept  it  eak-n  down  so  close  it 
looked  as  bare  as  the  road.  Tlie  next  spring  my 
father  coiieluded  tu  jilow  it  up,  as  he  thought 
the  sheejihad  euteu  out  roots  and  all ;  but  by  the 
time  we  were  ready  to  plow  it  it  began  to  look  so 
line  we  let  it  be  ^'or  pa.sture.  But  as  wo  liad 
plenty  of  feed  and  did  not  need  it,  we  cut  it  for 
hay.  '  I  don't  roiuember  how  many  Ions  of  hay 
w  c  took  from  the  field,  but  it  w  as  a  great  many 
of  the  iinest  quality  of  white  clover  and  timotlij', 
about  half  of  eadh,  that  1  ever  saw  before  or 
since. 
1  very  early  iu  life  came  to  ibis  coiiclnsion — 
Keep  plenty  of  sheep  and  sow  plaster  aud  you 
will  have  the  best  of  pasture  for  all  kinds  of 
stock,  bees  included,  have  ffi-st-class  hay,  line  fat 
slieep  and  lambs  and  a  thick,  heavy  sod  to  tm*u 
under  when  you  waul  to  break  up,  and  a  certaiuty 
of  a  good  crop  of  any  thing  you  may  put  011  it, 
other  things  being  equal.  Ixcoo. 
r 
