k 
MOORE’S  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
Jiclli  Cvo))S, 
INQUIRIES  ABOUT  BEANS. 
Will  HOJtit>  perKim  of  expciioiicc*  ])leaHe  give 
me  Home  iiiforiimtioii  througli  the  coliiniiiH  of 
the  PiCiuL  ill  icgarii  to  tlie  niii<iiig  fiiul  mauage- 
nuiiit  of  Marrowfat  Whiit  time  in  tlie 
seaKou  nhonki  they  1«- pIaiit(Ml  ?  Wlint  Itiiitl  of 
aoil  in  liest  iiilaph'd  to  thoii'  welfare,  how  thick 
ahould  they  be  plaiitetl  'f  Also  arctliey  aKprolilie 
as  other  viirieti**)*.  mich  aa  Medintna  luitl  Navion? 
Any  information  on  tliis  Kiiltjeet  will  be  thank¬ 
fully  roeeivcHl.-  ISi.vsi.KV,  Goot'rs,  iU'd. 
Co.,  Ohio. 
The  Hinall  or  nKaliinn  beans  are  moKt  largely 
grown  in  loealitioH  where  beans  are  exteuaively 
cultivated  for  market.  Near  Ifrockport,  N.  Y., 
many  fainierH  grow  live  to  twenty  acres  or  more 
per  year.  The  beans  are  plmibMl  with  a  horse 
l)lanter  made  in  Rrodciroj’t,  in  hills  b:u  inches 
apart,  and  rows  alvoiit  two  feet  or  twenty-eight 
inches  wide.  This  allows  room  b)  run  a  light 
cultivatoj-  through,  and  where  the  soil  is  reason¬ 
ably  free  from  weeds  most  of  the  cultivation  is 
done  by  horse-power.  If  weeds  ai)peai'  they 
must  be  destroyed  promj)tly  or  the  crop  will  be 
ruined.  Weedy  beans  are  very  expensive  hai- 
vesting,  and  often  not  worlti  gatln  ring.  Fit  te<ni 
to  thkty  bushels  per  acre  are  grown,  varying 
greatly  on  aceount  of  soil,  season,  Ac. 
Beans  are  very  im)>atient  of  wet,  and  must 
never  be  work<!d  when  the  dew  is  on  the  leaves. 
In  a  damp,  rich  soil  they  ai‘o  ajit  to  grow  too 
luxuriantly  and  riiien  iinevtmly.  This  also  i.s  the 
trouble  when  planted  on  soil  that  is  too  dry. 
Often  on  diy  clayey  oi'  sandy  knolls  the  beans 
will  be  ono  or  two  weeks  later  coming  np,  and 
will  remain  behind  <lnriiig  tin?  season.  Uneven 
ripening  makes  harvesting  much  more  diflicult  as 
some  of  the  beans  will  shell  with  over-ripeness 
while  others  are  not  tit  to  fall,  and  if  staeked 
■vvitli  the  crop  will  mildew  and  spoil.  Evoimoss  of 
ripening  Is  t)no  of  tlie  ehief  points  in  growing 
Held  he.^ns  snecossfully.  Thu  medimn  bean  is 
preferable  because  it  gonernlly  riiions  more  i)or- 
fectly  and  evenly  than  other  varieties.  What¬ 
ever  kind  of  soil  is  chosen  ii  should  ho  as  neaily 
uniform  ns  possible.  It  will  not  hurt  to  have  the 
lieUl  miMleratcly  rich,  provided  the  season  is  a 
dry  one.  The  yield  of  beans  will  bo  larger  and 
they  \vill  rijjen.  I  n  a  wijt  siTasou  beans  are  a 
bal'd  crop  to  gi'ow.  Wetsls  in  sninmer  and  mil¬ 
dew  in  harvest  time  s)ieedily  destroy  all  profit. 
Wc  have  bad  to  modify  onr  belief  that  beaus 
exhaust  the  soil  cmly  slightly.  Farmers  who 
)iave  grown  beaus  several  yeai'.s  in  sueeession 
find  tlie  eroi)  falling  olf.  'I’hey  make  liftie  ma¬ 
terial  to  work  u])  into  manure,  and  are  in  this 
resj)ocd  about  as  b.ad  as  ])otatoi's.  Beans  contain 
a  good  dull  I  of  niti'ogen  and  (presumably)  ex¬ 
haust  the  soil  of  that  ehmient.  In  practice  it  is 
found  that  they  are  apoor  f.allowcrop  for  whealt, 
and  (he  usual  priietiee  now  where  beans  are 
laj'gcly  grown,  is  to -follow  t  hem  with  Imrley  and 
that  with  wheat.  One  reason  why  beans  soem  to 
exhaust  the  soil  may  be  Ihal  the  Held  is  rarely 
manured  for  them.  We  should  advise  our  corres¬ 
pondent  to  plant  the  medium  beaus,  and  on  a 
small  sciile  at  Hrst  till  be  sees  how  the-  crop  suc- 
eoeds.  If  his  laud,  like  much  in  Ohio,  is  a  rich 
black  iiiueU  the  beims  will  ho  apt  to  run  too 
mneh  to  vine,  dimiiiisliing  Ibe,  yiedd  and  greatly 
increasing  the  cost  of  harvesting. 
CAUSE  OF  SCABB^  POTATOES. 
—  -  -  ♦ 
Fon  several  years  past,  in  localities  ^vhere  po¬ 
tatoes  are  grown  largely  us  a  farm  cro)),  farmers 
have  been  troubled  by  a  dise-ase  wliich  removed 
the  outer  thin  skin  from  potatiies,  giving  them  a 
“  scabby  *'  app«!arauce  and  iiiiiking  them  im.siila- 
lile.  It  is  foimil  too  tliid  sometimes  these  seabby 
potatoes  are  more  ]U'odisposed  t.o  rot,  though  in 
dry  seasons  they  often  le-ep  wiUiout  injury. 
Various  theories  have  been  suggested  as  to  the 
cause,  a  conmion  ono  among  fannej-s.  being  that 
tho  scabby  appearance  is  duo  to  w  oVins  or  insects. 
Btill  this  theory  does  not  hold  good  in  many 
cases.  Dv.  Mu’uic.s'i'.u  in  the  Scientilic  J-’anner, 
suggests  as  a  much  moro  protiahlo  explanation 
that  tlie  scab  is  due  to  a  fungus  growth  on  the 
potato.  We  are  iucHuod  to  believe  this  is  tho 
true  theory,  and  copy  what  the  doctor  has  to  say 
atamt  the  effects  of  fnugus  and  the  remedy  : 
^Vhon  iHitatods  are.  e.aleii  by  larva-,  and  the  in¬ 
jury  is  recent,  wc  Hnd  the  Hosh  of  the  tidier 
fresh,  white,  smooth  mid  iiielinkig  to  heal  or 
sldu  over,  as  wo  observe  it  to  do  wlp-n  edt  witli  a 
knife  ;  yet  who  has  o%er  seen  such  an  apfiearauee 
in  tho  disease  before  ns?  T  liaie  sought  for  it 
again  and  again,  hid  without  success.  On  the 
contrary,  wheuover  and  wherever  1  have  soon 
the  injury  which  we  aro  considering,  from  the 
smallest  speck  np  to  the  more  extensive  destruc¬ 
tion  of  the  organic  tissue,  tlie  aiipearance  has 
constantly  been  tho  same. 
It  appears  to  be  admitted  that  if  we  plant  dis¬ 
eased  tubers  we  may  exiioct  to  gi-ow  diseased 
potatoes,  even  wliero  there  arc  no  wire  worms 
present.  Such  as  men  sow,  such  shall  they  also 
reap.  It  has  been  pretty  fully  ascertained  tliat 
there  is  sometning  left  remaining  in  the  soil 
where  diseased  roots  have  been  grown  that  is 
cajiable  of  affecting  lieallhy  jiotatocs  planted 
therein  Uio  following  year,  in  a  similar  manner. 
1  once  jdanted  select/wl  potatoes  in  Ihi^  siime 
ground  for  four  snccessivo  years.  The  mmiher 
of  diseased  tnl.H-rs  rapiiily  increased  from  year 
to  year,  until  the  last  year  half  the  cro})  was 
destroyed.  An  intelligent  and  observant  frk-nd 
of  muie  planted  a  few  rows  of  jiotatoes  across 
Ills  lot.  They  proved  to  he  a  good  deal  injured. 
The  next  year  he  planted  tho  same  ground,  with 
a  corresponding  strip  alongside,  which  Inwl  been 
ciiltivateil  in  some  oilier  sort  of  crop  the  preced¬ 
ing  year.  I’he  ri  snlt  was,  the  crop  in  the  old 
jiotato  ground  was  almost  woi-thk^ss,  while  that 
in  tho  contiguous  portion  was  only  slightly 
affected.  All  the  eonditions  of  soil,  cnltiu'e, 
manure  and  seed,  were  similar. 
AVe  know  that  insect  dejtredators  do  often 
manifest  wonderful  discrirniriating  jsiwers  in 
tho  selection  of  their  fond.  But  the  Fungi, 
which  constitute  a  still  more  jueilaecons  class, 
are  in  a  mucli  great^n-^  ratio  soleetivo  in  tho 
choice  of  their  food,  as  well  us  in  the  places  for 
their  nidilleation,  Tliey  are,  indeed,  so  numer¬ 
ous  and  HO  discriminiitingthat  almost  every  plant 
appears  to  have  some  speoilic  fungoid  growth 
peculiar  to  itself.  The  thing  under  dis<-nssion 
may  yet  prove  itself  to  hi;  a  Fimgns  peculiar  te) 
the  jKitato.  and  not  to  be  found  anywliero  else. 
From  what  has  already  been  said  it  may  be  of 
the  nlmost  importance  l.o  plant  none  tint  the 
most  jicrfoct  and  eJear  tubers,  mid  to  avoid  re¬ 
planting  the  old  potato  grounds.  Jt  may  also 
be  prudent  not  to  pl.ant  those  varieties  which 
have  iKs^n  lonnd  most  olmoxioiis  to  the  disease. 
If  tho  germs  inhere  in,  and  are  liable  to  be 
planted  witli,  the  potato,  and  I  think  that  is  the 
correct  view,  it  wonkl  se«-m  to  suggest  tlie  use 
of  some  means  for  dhinfeetion  of  the  seed  htd'ore 
planting.  For  this  piu-|)Oso  I  would  l•eeonlnlend 
tho  trial  of  a  solution  of  carbolic  aeicl  in  water, 
of  such  strength  as  the  tiihers  will  hear  without 
injury.  The  projmr  str-ength  can  only  tie  aseor- 
tained  by  careful  trials.  'I'liiis:— Take  carholie 
aoid— an  ounce;  water — a  gallon;  mix  wiien 
ready  to  plant ;  immerse  the  sets  in  the  solution 
for  live  mimites;  then  remove,  and  rinse  the 
acid  off  before  pliuitiug. 
As  the  Fungi  are  mostly  found  in  connection 
with  diseased,  or  den<l  and  decomposing  organic 
snhstamu-s,  from  whitii  they  may  soineliiuos 
puss  over  1,0  healthy,  living  org.anisms;  it  m.ay 
be  a  (piostioii  worthy  of  your  considoratiou : 
How  far  the  fertilisers  used  may  have  aided  in 
Ihe  production  of  the  disease  ?  To  what  extont 
was  it  known  liefore  their  introduction  ?  And 
how  far  has  it  tieen  increased  under  their  use  ? 
...  -  » 
POP  CORN  AS  A  PROFITABLE  CROP. 
The  Uhieago  IViliuiic  has  a. letter  from  a  boy, 
or  young  man,  ivho  tried  an  experiment  with 
pop-corn.  He  iilantod  ono  aero,  and  sold  47 
bushels  of  corn  for  and  tho  fodder  from 
tho  1  acre  for  ijH,  this  giving  him  a  clear  proflt 
of  t27.-12.  ^ 
We  eumrnend  this  statement  to  the  hoys  on  tlie 
harm.  Tluwe  who  have  nevi-r  grown  po]»-e.<iru 
will  scarcely  credit  (bo'stateiueut.  hut  tlioso  who 
liavc,  .mid  uuderstand  how  close  the  rows  can  lx» 
to  eacli  oUier,  and  how  many  perfect  ears  every 
hill  tnnis  out,  will  not  be  suriirised  at  the  ligures. 
'J’horo  are  several  l  ai  iet  ies,  white  and  ricc-like 
kernel.-  variegated,  sliowiiig  on  one  cob  many 
diffcroiit  eolor.s, — and  all  should  be  planted  some 
distance  from  otber  corn.  'J'lie  yield  is  always 
good  and  tho  oars  are  nearly  uniform  in  size. 
A  good  ai'tielo  always  brings  a  gootl  price,  and, 
since  pop-corn  balls  and  other  preparations  in 
wliieh  fKip-corn  appcai-s  liavo  been  in  favor, 
tla  rc  has  been  a  good  demand  for  it.  I'op-corn 
should  bo  planted  on  good  soil,  and  treated 
generally  as  other  corn.  It  matui-es  early,  and 
the  ground  can  bo  cleared  for  winter  wheat  or 
other  fall  crops. 
SOWING  CLOVER  SEED. 
A  I'OKKESPONllENT  Esks  US  if  he  sliOUld  HOW 
clover  seed  on  his  spi-ing  gi'ain  before  sowing 
tho  grain,  so  that  one  harrowing  will  answer  for 
both  and  also  how-  much  to  .sow  per  acre.  It  is 
not  best  to  harrow  after  sowing  clover  seed,  as  it 
covers  tho  small  seeds  so  deeply  that  many  of 
them  will  not  germinate.  If  the  gromid  is  in 
proper  tilth  no  coveiing  will  ho  needed,  as  the 
seeds  will  naturally  be  w'ashed  under  Hue  p.artkies 
of  soil  by  till' Hrst  rain.  Witli  winter  wheat  or 
rye,  it  is  a  good  practice  to  harrow'  (he  surface- 
before  sowing  clover  seed.  Or  with  winter  grain 
the  seed  may  be  sown  on  frozen  ground  before 
it  is  dry  enough  to  harrow.  Freezing  and  thaw¬ 
ing  w  ill  cover  tho  seeds  sntticioutly.  One  jieclt  of 
clover  seed  per  acre,  should  be  sown  on  all  land 
wliere  clover  seed  has  not  recently  been  grown. 
- ♦♦»  -  ■  - 
FIELD  NOTES. 
11  hile  Burh'y  Tobacco. — In  Ohio,  an  experi¬ 
ment,  and  on  a  larger  scale  than  before,  will  be 
made  the  coming  season,  with  what  is  known  as 
“  White  Burley  ”  Tobacco,  and  if  successful  the 
culture  of  l?eed  Leaf  in  that  State  will,  in  the 
future,  be  either  entirely  abandoned,  or  at  least 
1)0  very  materially  diminished.  The  Connecticut 
Seed  Loaf  Tobacco  in  Ohio  has  gi-own  too  rank, 
and  docs  not  keep  iij)  the  original  standard  for 
ijiiality. 
A  Good  HolaHwi. — Geo.  Kepler  of  Wayne  Co., 
writes  to  the  Indiana  Fanner  as  follows:— "My 
method  of  fnrming  is  to  have  fom’ Helds  and  a 
regular  rotation  of  crops.  First  clover,  then 
barley  and  bnekwbeat,  then  corn,  among  which, 
in  tho  fall  sow  wheat  or  barley,  and  sow  clover 
in  tho  spring  on  the  wheat.  1  have  made  over 
•i50  te)  an  acre  on  barley,  which  is  iimjiediatcly 
followed  by  buekwlieat  or  turnipH,  as  a  catch 
crop  the  same  season.  I  sell  no  straw,  hay,  f<xl- 
dor  or  corn,  feeding  that  and  buying  bran  l>e- 
sidc'S. 
Jann  (KxonoiiiiJ. 
DIFFERENT  KINDS  OF  MANURE. 
Would  you  advise  a  mixture  of  hen  mannre, 
plaster  and  ground  bone  ns  a  fertilizer  forwhe.it. 
to  be  drilled  in  with  the  iflu-at  at  time  of  sowing. 
If  so,  please  say  in  what  i)roportioa  the  mixture 
should  be,  made.  Gr  would  it  Iw)  advisable  te> 
add  ammouiate-d  superphosiihate  of  lime  and 
Icaeheil  ashes,  or  either,  with  tlie  plaster  and 
hone,  and  in  what  projiortioii  of  eaeli.  and  how' 
long  after  eonijxjsting  hefore  fit  to  he  used. 
T’lease  give  formula  in  •*  HnuAL  .\ew-Yokki;k,” 
and  oblige— lo.voHAMi'  s,  W'lish.  L'o.,  O. 
There  is  no  objection  to  using  lion  maimro 
mixed  with  plaster  ami  gi'onnd  bone,  but  wheth¬ 
er  it  would  prove  more  or  less  useful  than  other 
mixtures  deiiends  on  the  needs  of  the  soil,  ami 
can  only  be  ilotermined  by  trial.  Hen  mainuo 
nuisl  be  thrown  in  a  hea))  and  allowed  to  bent 
slightly  to  remove  its  moisture,  or  it  vauiiot  well 
bo  drilled.  Even  after  heating  and  mixing  with 
plaster,  we  think  the  mixture  would  need  to  he 
i  nn  tliroiigh  a  course  sieve  to  prepare  for  drill¬ 
ing.  Gi'oiiiid  bone  is  less  effective  as  a  manure 
lliuii  an  honestly  made  Huperpliosphate,  as  the 
bone  is  only  slowly  soluble. 
There  is  no  *•  formula"  for  making  mamire  for 
all  kinds  of  soils.  If  your  land  is  not  deficient  in 
piiOHphates  neil.lier  ground  bone  nor  siipeiidios- 
phate  would  be  of  any  value  in  the  iriixtiire.  An 
aunnoniated  supei'iilio.sjjbate  is  always  valuable, 
as  crops  never  have  an  over-supply  of  ammonia. 
Still,  if  the  ammonia  is  what  is  needed,  the  hen 
manure  alone  ^ould  supply  it  witliont  the  addi¬ 
tion  of  bones.  Hen  niaimro  itself  also  eontiiins 
considerable  projs)i'tionH  of  pliospliates,  varying 
in  amount  with  tho  iund  of  food.  Fowls  fed  on 
scraps  of  meat  make  richer  niiinme  than  when 
fed  on  grass.  Whi-at  tnalu-s  iniiiiiire  richer  in 
pliospliates  than  corn,  and  slirimketi  wheat  or 
bran  niaki-s  nmmuc  with  more  iiliosphutes  tliun 
|)himp  grains,  with  larger  proportion  of  Horn'. 
If  fowls  were  fed  on  fish,  and  their  di'opjiings 
kepi  dry,  the  mamiro  would  bo  as  rich  as  gnano. 
Hon  manure,  like  every  otht-i',  is  an  indellnite 
quuutity.  VV«!  should  jirobably  find  on  analysis 
that  the  dl’opiiings  of  niosters  are  riclior  in  phos¬ 
phates  than  those  of  hens,  whose  food  is  largely 
used  in  forming  the  shell  of  its  egg,  possibly, 
also,  the  bens  making  richer  muniire  when  ucit 
laying  than  when  one  egg  is-r  day  is  imperatively 
demanded.  In  all  manni'es  which  pass  through 
birds  or  other  animals  the  phosphates  are  readily 
stiluhle  and  available  for  plant  food.  Hence  a 
small  percentage  of  iihosphates  in  lieu  mamire 
may  give  a  larger  supply  to  plants  than  ihe 
larger  percentage  of  insoluble  phosphate  hi 
eofu'sely  ground  bone.  We  do  not  recommend 
the  latter  anyway.  If  not  made  soluble  by  the 
use  of  Biilpliuric  acid,  bone  should  be  ^iT'Uud  as 
finely  as  jiossible.  I’ine  bone  Hour,  composted 
witli  hen  manure,  would  be  thereby  made  solu¬ 
ble  ;  but  merely  ))ounding  or  breaking  bones 
into  coarse  lumps  is  of  little  uso. 
Ashes  may  or  may  not  prove  valuable,  accord¬ 
ing  as  potash  is  deficiiint  or  abounds  in  the  soil ; 
trial  only  can  tell.  If  potash  is  needed,  it  is  bet¬ 
ter  iqiplied  sepaj'ately  , rather  than  composted 
wilb  other  manures,  as  it  wastes  ammonnia. 
Tliero  are  uo  *•  right  propoiiions"  for  applying 
mainu'cs  Hin'table  in  all  cases.  Use  as  most  con¬ 
venient,  and  make  trials  of  different  proportions 
to  decide  what  is  best  for  your  oivn  soil. 
- - 
COOKED  VS.  RAW  CORN. 
The  Scicntillc  Farmer  lias  the  following  cor¬ 
respondence  and  remarks  on  the  above  subject : 
Mr.  M.  Ktalkcr,  the  able  and  careful  supei’intend- 
ent  of  tho  Iowa  Agricultural  Gollego  Farm,  lias 
been  making  some  expei'iments  in  feeding  hogs 
with  the  following,  wliicb  Jie  publishes  tluongh 
the  college  paiK-r.  He  selected  15  hogs  of  tlie 
same  nge  and  breed,  nearly  the  same  weight  and 
coiiditiou.  prejinred  for  the  experiment  by  the 
same  feeding  and  treutuient  from  pigs.  Ho  di¬ 
vided  these  hogs  into  pens  of  three  eaoli ;  for  the 
lirst  2  months  fed  equal  di'y  weight.s  of  diy  corn, 
soaked  com,  boiled  corn,  dry  meal,  and  cooked 
meal.  Then  for  nearly  two  months  he  contin¬ 
ued  to  each  fieii  the  same  forai  of  com,  gimig, 
however,  as  iniicli  as  the  hogs  would  oat.  The 
result  of  four  months  of  feeding  showed  that 
tlie  dilfei'ent  forms  of  com  had  made  tho  follow¬ 
ing  live  weiglils  of  pink  : 
I  liiishe’  of  dry  citrii,  ]:)  lbs.  of  pork. 
1  Hushel  ot  Houkod  oiirn,  KIK  ••  •• 
1  Bu»h(!l  of  bolliHl  corn  10  "  “ 
I  Bu.sbel  ol'dry  nienl,  >  ].s  2-.5  '• 
I  HidIicI  1)1  r-oiikod  uiml,  i'l  iM.'i  "  “ 
I  am  about  to  commeiiee  feeding  hogs  on 
boiled  com,  tliiiiliiiig  to  improve  it  in  that  way, 
but,  from  tlie  above,  one  would  hifer  that  cook¬ 
ing  would  be  a  disadvantage.  In  the  Country 
Gentleman,  late  in  1875,  k  noticed  an  article  from 
a  feeder,  Saying  that  he  biul  l)oen  cooking  corn 
for  stock  for  four  vein's,  and  Mint  it  bad  been  a 
detriment  to  him  until  within  a  few  weeks  past, 
when  he  disivivercd  that  lie  bad  been  cooking 
luidiT  too  high  }irt;.'!xurc,  making  the  food  too 
hot.  (hereby  destroying  aoruc  of  the  nntrimciit 
of  the  feed.  He  made  an  illust  ration  aomethiug 
after  ttiis  iashion :  lie  bought  a  now  stove,  and 
bus  cook  liurnt  the  bread  hefiire  she  understood 
the  stove.  He  found  by  actual  tost  that  he  could 
liold  his  hand  in  the  oven  that  burnt  the  broad 
for  two  or  Miree  seconds,  hut  that  it  wa.s  imiais- 
siblo  to  plniige  liis  hand  m  liis  steam  box  with 
sixty  ]Hjunds  of  steam. 
.Home  feed  jiigs  ‘with  Corn  that  lias  passed 
I  hrongh  cattle,  but  many  think  they  oonld  cook 
it  clieaper  in  a  steam  box  ;  at  the  same  time  all 
agree  that  corn  prcparfsl  by  passing  Through 
eiiltlcis  a  good  feed  for  ]>igH.  Please  give  ns 
wind  light  yon  cTin  on  this  subject,  and  the  best 
way  to  piisA  pigs  running  on  grass  and  clover  in 
Illinois.- Beadku. 
Prof.  Goi'ssiiiann  says  that  of  uncooked  Indian 
com,  conbaiiiing  10  to  12  jier  oent.  of  wator, 
about  DU  pereent.  is  indigestible  as  swine  food — 
differing  soinewlmt  with  the  varieties.  Cooking 
could  improve  iqwn  this  but  very  little.  Q’lie 
same  is  true,  to  a  certain  extent,  of  most  of  the 
grains.  The  lieiiefits  of  cooking  are  most  marked 
upon  h.ay. and  eoarse  fodder;  tliat  is,  with  those 
foods  whieh  contain  a  lai-ge  percentage  of  celln- 
lose— coarse  filitir— niioii  wliioli  it  acts  to  disinte¬ 
grate  and  brojik  down,  and  release  the  iintritions 
lif.rtiuns,  which  in  raw  gridiis  are  easily  laid  hold 
of  by  the  digestive  fimetions. 
With  a  content  of  moisture  of  from  10  per 
cent,  to  12  ixt  cent.,  Indian  corn  contains  from 
.51  per  eeiit.  to  (14  jicr  eejit.  of  sbircli,  besides 
albimiiiioids  and  fats,  and  only  2.'>  jier  cent  of  cel- 
liilo.se ;  wheat  grain  contains  2.1  jier  eent.  of  cel¬ 
lulose.  bay  contains  25  per  oent.  of  cellulo.se,  and 
w  beiit  straw  36  jut  cent,  of  cellulose. 
A  fine  mecluuiieal  coudition  in  food  is  condu¬ 
cive  to  ease  of  dige.stion,  as  shown  in  the  e.xix'ri- 
ment  in  the  difference  betweuii  meal  and  whole 
com ;  beyond  (  bis  it  scoms  hardly  profitable  to 
go  in  the  preparation  of  grains. 
The  iipiaireiit  injury  whicli  tlic  flgnres  seem  to 
show,  wo  think,  is  due  merely  to  the  fact  that 
cooking  greatly  iiicrcasesthe  bulk  of  grain,  hence 
the  swine  would  soon  get  (illod  with  it  and  eat 
less  than  of  tbn  dry,  uncooked  mateiiul,  for  the 
report  says  they  were  allowfd  ns  much  as  they 
would  e-it  after  tlio  second  iiiontli. 
Recent  German  exiiorimentssubiitimliate  these 
statements,  while  it  is  an  almost  universal  prac¬ 
tice-  based  on  experimental  knowlcdgo— in  that 
country  to  cook  coarse  t odder,  and  some  of  the 
grains. 
—  ■  ♦♦♦ -  ■ 
MANURING  TO  DESTROY  WEEDS. 
SiTTTATu.E  food  foi'  crops,  savs  ati  Engli.sli  jour¬ 
nal,  enables  Miem  to  conquer  "the  weeds.  I  n  re¬ 
gard  to  clover,  it  was  found  tliat  wlien  the  land 
was  wholly  luiniaimred.  the  weeds  lomied  57  per 
ceni.  of  the  entire  yield,  but  that  tbo  apiilicatioii 
of  gypsum  reduced  the  jiroportioii  of  weeds  to  2 
per  cent.  Niti'ogi-iions  uiannres  liiul  very  slight 
efl'ect.  and  pho.sphalie  mamires  but  iiltlb  more. 
We  must  not  from  this,  however,  consider  gvp- 
suiu  as  an  antuloh- to  weeds  in  general,  since  it 
is  a  specilic  mannre  for  clover,  and  gives  it  a 
power  To  struggle  snceessfnUy  with  the  weeds 
and  crowd  them  out.  ’ 
It  is  eommouly  observed  that  the  lii-.st  effect  of 
large  quantitios  of  barnyard  mamire  is  to  make 
the  weeds  grow  more  vigorously.  This  is  partly 
because  tlio  manure  is  usually  filled  with  weed 
seeds,  and  also  because  tho  inoroase  in  fertility 
encourages  seeds  to  sprout,  winch,  witJi  poorer 
soil,  wonkl  have  remained  dormant.  Tho  light, 
•warm  and  rich  soil  will  sprout  weed  seeds  to  a 
gruate-r  depth  than  that  which  is  heavy,  cold  and 
poor. 
On  the  other  hand,  whore  grain  crops  are  sown, 
multitudes  of  these  weeds  are  smothered  and 
destroyed  by  the  stronger  growth  of  the  grains. 
Almost  all  aiumal  xveeds  start  from  seeds  as  tiny 
and  as  feeble  as  timiij)  or  onions,  and  Mio  first 
appearance  of  tho  weed  is  most  insignificant.  On 
the  other  iiand,  wheat,  corn,  oats  and  barley  have 
.a  grain  of  considerable  substance,  and  the  blade 
and  root  ai'O  eoiTCspoiuhiigly  vigorous,  not  only 
outgrowing  tho  weed,  but  onabling  the  fanner  to 
cultivato  his  sown  or  drilled  crops  ivitli  little  in¬ 
jury  to  tho  grain,  hut  complete  destruction  to 
the  weeds.  A  light  drag  passed  ox  er  drilled  oats 
or  barley,  just  as  tho  grain  is  well  up,  will  hardly 
disturb  a  single  spear,  but  will  bury  and  up-root 
mUiouB  of  tiny  woods.  In  tliis  way  a  field  may 
bo  kept  clean,  and,  where  spring  grain  is  to  be 
followed  by  wheat,  the  labor  of  fitting  the  stub¬ 
ble  is  much  lessened. 
