In  garden  culture  of  fruit  trees  the  same  hints 
will  apply.  Thin  the  fruit  freely  and  early,  and 
Ktir  or  mulch  the  atirfaco  of  the  ground  during 
Buniiner. 
For  grapes,  the  thinning  is  espeeially  essential 
if  large  and  perfect  clusters  are  desired.  Mulcli- 
ing  the  ground  is  not  generally  considered  of  ad¬ 
vantage  to  grape  vines  ;  but  it  la  iiniwrtant  that 
the  HUJ’faco  be  occasionally  stin'od,  and  Icept 
clear  of  woods:  also  that  the  suporahundant 
shoots  be  removed  from  the  vines  and  the  tioing 
up  be  done  often. 
Since  the  planting  of  tliis  orchard  in  1868  I 
have  made  selections  from  many  thousands  of 
other  seedlings,  and  budod  or  grafted  them  in 
the  tops  of  bearing  trees.  Now  what  are  tlio  ro- 
Bulta  ?  1  made  the  Early  Richmond  (Kentish  of 
Downing)  my  standard  for  comijarison,  marking 
nothing  for  itropogation,  unless  the  tree  was  the 
ecyial  of  that  variety  in  all  ossontial  qualities,  I 
also,  in  marking,  made  three  classes,  to  wit. 
good,  very  good  and  best.  I  would  like  to  sbq) 
right  hero,  and  give  the  Editor  of  the  Uubal  a 
chance  to  say,  or  guoss,  with  hi«  mature-  judge¬ 
ment  and  expertness  and  knowledge  of  fruits, 
how  many  of  each  class  I  have,  and  others  of 
our  i>omologists  as  well.  I  think  they  would  all 
go  very  wide  of  the  number,  uud  when  sotnnght 
be  as  astonislied  as  I  w’as  at  the  meaKerness  of 
the  result.  What  acrid,  miserable  Irasli  the  800 
were  before  you  came  to  the  one  of  value !  After 
tasting  a  few*  hundred  of  the  terribly  sour  things 
it  took  some  ct^urago  to  taste  the  next.  Out 
of  this  groat  mass  of  at  least  1,000  distinct 
varieties,  1  have  solocu^d  as  wortliy  of  lu’cserva- 
tion  only  IG— 7  good,  6  very  good  and  3  best ; 
and  1 7uay  yet  drop  all  but  the  three  host,  as  they 
cover  tlie  season  ui  ripening  of  the  whol  e  1 6.  The 
one  variety  whicli  shows  promise  of  great  and  ex¬ 
traordinary  value,  1  liavc  named  Earlj’  Kentish. 
Tins  is  its  fourth  season  of  continued  fruiting — 
and  two  of  these  sotisons  have  been  the  worst  wo 
have  ever  had.  It  ripens  its  fnut  in  from  10  to 
15  days  before  Uie  Kentisli  (Early  Richmond) ; 
in  Color  it  is  dark  rod,  almost  hlaeU,  heart-shaped, 
full  medium  in  size,  in  flavor  almost  exactly  like 
Early  Purple  (  Juigno,  only  a  little  more  tender 
and  molting.  (If  this  is  not  good  enough  for  a 
cheiTy  of  the  sour  class  I  will  experiment  further.) 
The  tree  is  a  little  slender  in  growtli,  with  a 
conical  head,  and  it  is  of  course  absolutely  hardy, 
having  withstood  80  degs.  bolow'  zero  and  borne 
fruit  the  next  spring.  The  original  ti-eo  stands 
on  a  voi  y  poor,  hard,  dry,  clay  soil,  so  it  may  be 
better  every  way  than  1  have  classed  it.  The 
others  1  w  ill  try  and  send  you  notes  of  as  they 
ripen.  1).  B.  Weiii. 
Lacon,  Ill. 
are  converted  into  wood  fiber  which  is  neitjier 
nutritiotis  nor  digestible.  Meadows  of  mixed 
grasses  require  more  attention  in  regard  to  cut¬ 
ting  early  than  those  composed  mainly  of  one 
species. 
We  have  noticed  during  the  jiast  few  days 
meadows  comjxisQd  of  red  clover,  timothy  and 
June  grass,  and  the  condition  of  those  throe  wore 
80  widely  difTcrent  that  it  would  bo  impossible  to 
cut  the  hay  at  a  time  to  scenro  cither  in  a  proper 
condition.  The  June  grass  wasover-ripc  and  the 
seed  falling,  the  clover  just  in  bloom  and  ready 
for  tlio  scytlic,  hnt  the  timotliy  had  scarcely 
shown  a  sign  of  heading  out.  Now  the  same  va¬ 
riation  in  tJie  pei  icKl  of  matunty  of  the  kinds 
named  may  not  be  as  great  in  all  soil  as  in  the 
one  to  which  we  have  referred,  but  wc  doubt  if 
they  should  ever  be  grown  together  for  the  ])ur- 
jToae  of  making  liay.  But  whatever  mixture  is 
used,  or  any  single  species,  it  is  always  best  to 
cut  early,  or  just  when  the  plant.s  are  in  bloom 
in  order  to  make  a  first-rate  quality  of  hay. 
plants  from  early  frost,  and  if  left  on,  have  some 
effect  to  keep  the  fruit  off  the  ground. 
Hens  are  an  indispensiblo  artido  to  market 
gardening  here  in  this  light,  warm  sandy  soil, 
the  very  paradise  of  such  insects  as  burrow  in 
the  groxmd.  They  soon  learn  to  run  from  tree 
to  tree  and  from  jdant  to  plant,  and  are  the  best 
insect  hunters  in  the  world  and  these  and  other 
burro>ving  insects  arc  their  best  food.  Tims  far 
I  have  spoken  of  this  insetit  only  in  its  larva 
state,  hut  a  very  successful  7varfare  can  bo  made 
against  the  moth.  In  the  latter  part  of  June 
put  sweetened  wati  r  in  small  vessels  (glass  jars 
are  the  best)  fill  them  up  occasionally  and  yon 
will  be  asloui-shcd  at  the  quantity  of  tlicse  cut¬ 
worm  moths  you  will  catch, as  well  as  many  other 
'  moths  and  flies.  The  fencing  against  these 
larv.n?  is  an  individual  matter,  while  the  destruc¬ 
tion  of  them  and  especially  the  moths  is  a 
national  henefit.  5Iy  neighbor  B.  SIovltin, 
scatters  turnip  seed  over  his  ten  acres  of  grape 
vinos  at  the  time  of  his  latest  (Uiltivation  ;  tbe.se 
turnips  reanain  duruig  the  winter  and  leaf  out  in 
the  spring,  affording  plenty  ot  food  for  these 
poor  starving  cut  wonn.s  hefoi-e  the  grape  vines 
are  edible.  'To  feed  one’s  enemy  is  a  good  f  iliris- 
tian  priivciplo,  but  in  t-bis  case  it  is  not  very 
patiiotie.  As  you  niicarth  one  of  these  sluggish 
woi  rus  from  under  a  cabbage  plant  which  ho  cut 
down  the  night  hefcjro,  yon  verj'  naturally  think 
him  ton  lazy  to  move  much,  but  view  him  by 
lamplight  up  four  feet  high  on  a  giapo  vino  or 
tree,  and  you  will  see  that  ho  can  ho  (juito 
niinhlo  when  hungry  and  under  cover  of  dark- 
ne.ss. 
From  my  own  observations,  I  conclude  that 
there  are  several  varieties  of  these  cut  worms, 
and  that  they  all  take  theii'  food  at  the  surface 
of  the  gronnd  if  they  can  And  it,  hut  if  not  they 
will  clunh  till  Uiey  find  buds  or  leaves  on  any  tree, 
shrub  or  vino  that  is  alive.  I  conclude  also  that 
tho  normal  place  chosen  by  the  parent  moth  to 
deposit  her  eggs  is  at  tho  foot  of, and  within  three 
to  six  inches  of  suiuclhlug  then  ulivo,  and  Unit 
in  early  spring  tho  young  larva  seeks  and  eats 
tho  nearest  food  ho  can  find,  and  if  noccc-ssity 
comiK-ls  he  will  go  several  roijs  for  it.  I  have 
within  the  la&t  ten  days,  found  them  of  all  the 
colors  and  sizes  I  have  mentioned,  in  all  siieh  po¬ 
sitions  as  I  have  described,  at  the  foot  of  all 
varieties  of  garden  vegetables,  and  every  variety 
of  cultivated  tree,  even  tho  Lormbardy  poplar, 
whose  leaves  they  had  multilated. 
I  ought  hero  to  mention  lest  I  should  Icatl 
someone  into  error,  tliat  tlioso  wooden  protec¬ 
tions,  if  jmt  around  trees  and  shrubs  in  the  spring, 
that  were  not  protected  tho  latter  part  of  the 
Bununcr  or  fall  previous,  will  operate  rattier  as  a 
protccLiou  to  the  wonn  than  the  plant.  In  April 
of  1875,  1  put  out  thii  ty  grape  vines ;  they  re¬ 
mained  witliout  protection  and  were  badly  muti¬ 
lated.  Early  tliis  spring  1  put  around  them  the 
berry-box  flats ;  on  the  first  day  of  this  moutli  I 
foiuid  every  one  of  tho  vines  injured,  loxaininod 
some  ]nit  out  and  thus  jirotoctcd  this  spring,  and 
some  put  out  ill  1874  and  protected  ovei’  ainco 
and  found  them  generally  safe.  After  reflection 
I  ooiuiudod  that  tlic  moths  dciiositcd  the  eggs 
at  tho  foot  of  tho  lliu  ty  vinos,  and  tho  boxes 
shut  the  laiwic  in,  that  my  chickens  would  othbr- 
wise  have  raked  out  and  devoui'od. 
Now,  I  have  never  hoard  of  climbing  cut 
worms  in  tlic  State  of  New  Yoiii,  though  I  used 
to  see  corn,  cabbages  and  beatis  cut  off  there  as 
now  here,  and  by  a  similar  worm  as  near  as  I  can 
remember.  Did  they  cUmb  there  and  wo  not 
notice  them  ?  or  have  they  learned  tho  trick 
there,  as  hero,  of  late  years  ?  Wo  are  certainly 
ahead  of  New  York  in  some  things.  Wo  had  tlie 
potato  bug  hero  long  before  they  became  fash¬ 
ionable  there.  S.  B.  Peck. 
:Muskegon,  Mich.,  Jime  5, 1S7(>. 
PRUNING  SHEARS  AND  FRUIT  GATHERER 
The  accompanying  illustration  of  a  pruning 
shears  and  fruit  gatherer  combined,  is  taken 
from  the  “Memoirs  of  the  I'hiludelphia  Society 
for  ITomoting  Agiicijltnn*,  Vol.  2."  It  repre- 
THE  INEVITABLE  CUT  WORM 
Iv  the  spring  of  1862  or  3,  I  was  called  on  by  a 
man  offering  to  sell  trees.  During  our  talk  he 
told  mo  that  the  cut  worms  crawled  up  his 
young  pear  trce.s  and  ate  out  tho  tips  of  the 
biid.s.  I  manifested  some  incredulity,  for  I 
thought  I  knew  enough  evil  of  tho  “vanniut" 
without  charging  him  with  that,  lie  assured  rao 
it  was  true,  and  said  that  lie  had  tied  around  tho 
trunks  inverted  paper  funnels,  and  found  the 
worms  under  them  by  lamplight  ti'yiug  to  get 
uji.  I  hud  then  to  believe  it,  hut  did  so  imder 
protests. 
A  few  days  after  I  saw  a  neighhor  looking 
son  owfully  at  a  young  pour  tree  in  his  garden, 
and  as  1  came  opposite  he  asluul  mo  if  I  could 
tell  what  was  tlic  matter  with  Ins  tree  ?  I  asked 
him  to  loosen  the  dirt  around  the  trunk ’and  see 
what  was  there.  Tho  result  was  three  or  four 
cut  worms.  J  was  convinced  thou,  and  diu'ing 
the  next  three  or  four  years  1  hail  ample  do- 
monsti'ation  of  the  climbing  propensities  of  the 
insect,  having  trues  by  the  hundred  nearly  de¬ 
nuded,  or  rather  the  foliage  prcvonlod  till  July 
the  year  they  were  put  out,  and  almost  as  had 
tho  next  ycai’.  At  one  sitting  I  took  over  fifty  of 
I  tlicsc  worms  out  of  the  oartli  under  one  small 
raspberry  bush.  I  could  see  jilaiu  enough  that 
all  the  progress  I  should  rnako  in  horticulture 
would  bo  crab  fa.fliion  (backwards)  unless  I 
could  loai-n  or  invent  some  method  of  protection 
from  this  pest.  1  consulted  Fitch’s  reiwit  of 
1855,  the  bust  entomological  authority  J  tlicu 
had,  and  found  that  although  ho  cUimod  to  tru.at 
specially  of  ••such  insects  as  are  injurious  to 
fruit  trees  ”  ho  said  nothing  of  cut  worms.  But 
in  Juiio,  of  1866,  Mr.  Walsh  of  Illinois,  in  the 
Practical  Entomologist,  e|iiotes  from  II.uiuis  a 
uieution  of  a  climbing  species  of  cutworm,  also 
Mr.  IliLF.v  of  Missoma  as  giring  “  an  oxccllout 
account"  of  tlirce  varieties  of  fhesu  climbers, 
and  dOBcriblug  them  as  distinct  from  the  common 
corn  cut  worm.  This  was  tlie  fli-st  mention  I 
could  find  in  any  work  or  essay  of  tho  then 
peculiar  habit  of  this  (as  I’rof.  Tracy  has  since 
called  it)  “  meanest  thing  in  the  heavens  above 
or  tho  earth  beneatli." 
A  scientific  Joscriplion  of  this  insect  in  any  of 
its  forms,  or  of  its  differcut  species,  is  not  in  my 
I  lino,  hut  it  and  myself  have  had  a  Hpoakiug 
acwiuaintauco  for  the  past  twelve  years,  during 
which  lime  I  have  learned  much  of  Its  habits 
and  have  been  somewhat  successful  in  my  war¬ 
fare  against  it,  uud  if  I  can  give  any  information 
of  value  to  my  brother  horticulturists  and  at  tho 
same  time  avoid  the  charge  of  egotism,  I  shall 
consider  myself  ouqily  paid  for  this  effort.  I 
can  see  no  iliirorcnce  in  the  wonm*  I  take  from 
under  a  fallen  tomato  or  cabbage  plant,  or  under 
a  mutilated  grape  vine  or  young  ti'oo,  but  they 
differ  in  Color  in  both  cases  from  peai'ly  w  hite  to 
almost  black  (the  latter  with  diamond  stripes,) 
and  misoegeues  of  all  shades  between,  and  at  tins 
time  (.1  urie  1 )  of  all  sizes  from  very  small  and 
darkish  color  to  very  large  and  fat,  tho  lai’gcst 
being  tho  lightest  color. 
'The  safest  )jj-otcotioa  for  trees  and  grape  vines 
is  tlio  inverted  fmuiel  made  of  roofing  or  other 
stout  jiaper  and  fastened  with  a  pin.  A  very 
good  substitute,  and  costing  less  iu  tho  time  of 
application,  is  tlio  outside  rim  ot  tlio  quart  berry 
boxes,  which  are  fm-nished  for  20  cents  per 
hiiuihed.  Those  are  folded  ai’ound  tlie  trunk  or 
Btoui  and  pushed  slightly  into  the  earth.  They 
are  not,  however,  an  absolute  protoelion  like  the 
paper  fimucl,  when  put  on  just  right,  but  they 
diminish  the  damage  very  materially,  and  are  j 
bettor  adapted  to  small  plants  and  mos,  as  they  j 
can  be  taken  off  by  unfolding  them,  and  can  bo  j 
Btoaightcncd  out  and  tied  iu  bundles  for  another  | 
year.  Scrolls  of  tin  have  been  used  in  the 
Rents  what  was  thou  called  Joceliu’s  Patent 
I'runing  Shears.  Accompanying  the  illustration 
is  a  receipt  for  a  cash  sale  of  one  of  these  imple¬ 
ments  as  follows : 
New  Haven,  March  27, 1810. 
Honorable  Richard  Pctoi's,  Esq.  Bought  of 
S.  Jocelin  one  of  Joceliu’s  nino-iiich  patent 
pruniug  shears,  price  4  dollars  50  cents. 
Rcc.  Payment.  SLinioN  Jocelin. 
This  old  patent  fruit  gatherer  and  jinming 
shears  resembles  veiy  much  some  snpposod-to-he 
lahr  inventions  and  we  think  it  is  fully  as  good. 
Will  our  I'omologists  just  take  a  looL'at  the  pic- 
tm-e  and  tell  us  if  tliey  Inunv  of  a  better  imple¬ 
ment,  of  late  introduction,  that  is  in  any  icsiiect 
better  than  the  old  Joeclin  pruner. 
HOW  TO  GROW  PREMIUM  FRUIT 
'rin;  veteran  pomologist  of  Ohio,  M.  B.  Bate- 
ham,  iu  writing  to  tho  Amoiican  I’arm  Journal 
about  raisiug  fine  large  fniit,  says  : 
There  is  likely  to  ho  a  good  croji  of  most  kinds 
of  fruit  tliis  year,  and  many  people  will  desire  to 
grow  extra  sjjocimens  of  some  choice  kinds  for 
sending  to  tho  Centennial  or  their  State  or 
County  Fair.  'Tliis  is  right  uud  conimondable, 
and  all  wlio  expect  to  do  anytliing  in  (his  line 
should  aim  to  do  the  best  they  can.  It  is  no  par- 
ticulw  credit  to  a  man  if  his  trees  or  vines 
chanee  to  he  in  good  cunditiou  and  inodnce  for 
one  season  better  specimens  of  fruit  than  his 
neighbor’s,  when  no  jiarticular  skill  or  care  has 
been  used  on  his  part.  And  it  may  he  that  the 
season  will  prove  so  favorable  tliat  good  speci¬ 
mens  of  fruit  will  bo  quite  general,  so  that  no 
praise  will  be  duo  except  for  samples  that  are  re¬ 
markably  tine.  At  any  rate  it  is  tho  duty  of  each 
one  to  do  his  best. 
The  common  fault  with  us  all  is  gi-oediuess,  iu 
allowing  trees  to  boar  more  fruit  than  it  is  possi¬ 
ble  for  them  to  bring  to  tlie  liighost  diwelop- 
ment  of  size  and  quality.  Take  the  case  of  a 
tlirifl-y  young  apple  tree,  whicJi  can  hear  with¬ 
out  injury  say  a  barrel  of  fruit,  hut  it  hlo.ssomcd 
well,  and  enough  is  set  to  proihioe  two  barrels, 
uiiloss  thinned  off  by  hau  l  or  by  insects.  Now 
the  ti’oo  will  cany  an  excessive  hmdeti  through 
tho  8oa.son  of  heat  and  drouth  and  will  fail  to 
give  full  size  or  quality  to  tho  crop.  It  may 
yield  two  barrels  of  fruit,  but  the  value  of  tho 
crop  will  not  ho  as  great  as  that  of  one  barrel  of 
fine,  largo  specimens,  and  besides,  tho  tree  wiU 
be  exhausted  so  that  no  fruit  will  be  borne  next 
yeai’. 
Most  farmers  and  fruit  grow’ers  think  it  is  loo 
much  labor  to  thin  the  fiiiit  of  a  nnnihor  of 
trees,  or  a  whole  orchard  ;  but  I  have  no  doubt 
it  w  ill  jiay  as  well  as  any  ordinary  labor.  However 
this  may  be,  tliei’o  can  bo  no  question  about  the 
advantage  ot  thiiuiing  a  few  best  ti-ec.s  when 
fruits  arc  desired  for  exhibition  purposes. 
Mulching  the  soil —covering  the  surface  as 
wide  as  the  routs  or  the  tOps^extond,  with  coarse 
manure,  old  corn  stalks,  chip  dirt,  or  like 
materials,  is  the  m^xt  impurtunt  duty.  Of  course 
it  is  (iresumed  that  tho  trees  are  not  growing  in 
gi'ass  sward — then  the  mulching  put  on  tho  sur¬ 
face  in  spring  or  early  summer  will  be  of  groat 
benefit  in  protecting  the  roots  from  injury  by 
di’ouUi.  if  tho  soil  is  of  a  mellow  order,  and 
occasionally  stirred  with  a  hai'row  or  cultivator 
during  smiiuier,  the  miilcliing  is  not  iieeessiuy 
where  trees  are  standing  in  grass.  I  would  not 
plow  up  the  sod  after  the  leaves  have  jnit  forth  ■ 
in  spring,  as  that  would  injure  many  of  the  root-  i 
lets  ;  but  1  would  mnloh  so  heavily  as  to  smother  , 
the  growth  ot  tho  grass ;  or  if  this  could  not  bo 
done,  mow  the  grass  early  and  often  and  leave  it  ' 
on  the  surface  whore  cut,  under  the  trees,  so  as 
to  lessen  in  some  degree  the  amount  of  cvaixn'a- 
ti  on  from  the  soU  during^the  heat  of  siuunier. 
CUTTING  HAV, 
Oi'TEN  as  the  subject  of  cutting  and  curing  hay 
has  been  discussed  iu  the  agricultural  press  it 
seems  to  have  had  very  liltlo  effect  iqxm  the 
minds  of  our  farmers.  A  fow’  perhaps  heed  (he 
advice  given  by  those  w’Uo  have  paid  the  most 
attention  to  the  subject,  but  the  masses  still 
adhere  to  their  old  ideas  and  prejudices,  cutting 
hay  just  when  they  get  ready  withont  regard  to 
tlio  condition  of  the  grasses  or  other  kinds  of 
plants  cultivated  for  forage.  It  may  he  that 
some  of  our  readers  will  think  this  a  ratlier 
swoeiiing  assertion  but  they  have  only  to  look 
oi-ouud  among  tho  fannei  s  in  their  own  neigh¬ 
borhood  or  into  onr  larger  haymarkots  to  see 
that  it  is  the  tinitli  nevertheless. 
Our  best  farmers  as  well  as  chemists  long  since 
decideil,  hnt  not  until  careful  inveatigaUon,  that 
hay  made  from  grasses  or  otlier  forage  plants, 
cut  before  the  seed  began  to  mature  was  far 
more  nutritious  and  better  liked  by  stock  gener¬ 
ally  than  that  which  is  gathered  later :  sUll  good 
eaily-madc  h.ay  is  tlic  exception  instead  of  tho 
rule. 
It  is  rare  tliat  a  ton  or  more  of  sweet  bright 
looking  hay  can  be  found  in  New  York  city  mar¬ 
kets,  and  wo  ])roHume  that  it  is  about  the  same  in 
all  of  our  larger  cities,  which  shows  that  tliere  is 
something  radically  wrong  in  the  time  of  cutting 
and  cuving  hay  throughout  tlio  eoirati-y.  'The 
great  fault,  however,  wo  believe  to  be  found  in 
tho  ahiiost  general  neglect  to  delay  commenc¬ 
ing  the  hay  harvest  until  it  is  impossible  to  make 
a  good  article  out  of  tho  gi-assos  or  other  plants 
to  he  secured  for  this  purpose. 
Now  the  amount  of  nutritive  matter  lost  during 
tho  di-yiiig  of  herbage  of  all  kinds  is  considerable 
even  imder  the  most  favorable  conditions,  but 
the  amount  is  greatly  inci-oaBedby  permitting  tlie 
plants  to  matm-o  natm-ally.  Grasses,  clovers, 
and  similar  plants  when  severed  from  their  roots 
hi  a  green  and  succulent  state  contain  a  compar¬ 
atively  larger  proixirtion  of  starch,  sugar  and 
gum,  than  when  cut  in  a  ripening  conditiou,  for 
in  the  latter  much  of  these  valuable  propertie 
LIQUID  EXCREMENT, 
How  strangely  we  overlook  tlie  value  of  the 
liquid  excrement  of  our  aniuLals !  A  cow,  under 
ordinary  feeding,  fuiuishes  iu  a  year  twenty 
thousand  pounds  of  solid  excrement,  and  about 
eight  thousand  pounds  of  hquid.  The  compara¬ 
tive  money  value  of  tho  two  is  but  slightly  iu 
favor  of  the  solid.  'This  statemout  has  been  ver¬ 
ified  as  ti'uth,  over  and  over  again.  Tlie  urine  of 
herbivorous  animals  holds  nearly  all  the  secre¬ 
tions  of  the  body  which  arc  eajiablc  of  producing 
the  rich  nitrogenous  compounds  so  essential  as 
forcing  or  leaf-forming  agents  in  the  growth  of 
plants.  'The  solid  liolds  tho  phosphoric  acid,  the 
lime,  and  magnesia,  wliich  go  to  Oio  seeds  pi  iii- 
flipally  but  the  liquid,  holdiiig  nitrogen,  potash 
aud  soda,  IS  needed  iu  forming  the  staUt  and 
leaves.  'The  two  forms  of  plant  nutriment  should 
m  ver  be  separated  or  allowed  to  be  wasted  by 
neglect.  'The  fanner  who  saves  all  the  urine  of 
his  animals  doubles  his  nianurial  resources  every 
year.  Good  seasoned  peat  is  of  an  inmiense  ser- 
A-ice  to  fanners,  when  used  as  an  absorbent,  and 
the  stalls  for  aniinala  should  he  so  constructed  as 
to  admit  of  a  wide  passage  hi  the  roar,  with  gen¬ 
erous  passage  room  for  peat,  to  ho  used  daily 
with  tho  excrement.— ./o«?vin(  of  Clicmitstr}/. 
same 
way  under  tho  impression  that  tho  worm  could 
climb  only  live  matter.  An  excellent  pro- 
tootiou  for  tomatoes  is  a  boitomloss  box  eight 
inches  square  inside,  made  of  two  pieces  of  six 
inch  fencing  eight  iuehos  long,  and  two  pieces  of 
siding  ten  inches  long,  nailed  together  with  eight 
shingle  nails.  These  will  sometimes  save  the 
