MOORE’S  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
Inliustrial  |m])ltinnits. 
THE  BOOMER  &  BOSCHEET  POWER  CIDER 
PRESS. 
The  above  cut  illustrates  one  of  tlio  several 
cider  and  other  Presses,  found  in  the  exhibit  of 
the  Boomer  &  Boschert  Press  Co.  of  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  at  the  Centennial  Exjiosition  in  their  Ag¬ 
ricultural  Hall'-  loeation,  column  SAT  12. 
The  exhibits  of  this  Department,  taken  as  a 
■whole,  have,  without  doubt,  never  been  equaled 
in  |>oint  of  variety  and  the  most  improved  adapt¬ 
ations  of  inochiinical  methods  employed  in  the 
various  agricultural  interests  of  the  world. 
While  many  of  these  exliibits  in  their  principal 
features  have  already  become  weU  known,  yet 
there  are  others  of  more  recent  origin  of  such 
marked  character  as  to  entitle  them  to  promin¬ 
ent  notice  and  description  of  operation.  Among 
these  wc  may  safely  class  the  imijrovcments  in 
cider-making,  the  advancement  in  which,  during 
the  last  tliroe  or  foiu’  yciu's,  have,  as  compared 
with  former  methods,  almost  revolutionized  the 
business. 
TIkj  system  which  we  hero  illusb’ate  and  de¬ 
scribe,  may  lie  said,  substantially,  to  contain  a 
combination  of  the  most  ai)proved  methods  in 
present  use,  in  part  or  entire,  by  the  loading 
cider  makers  of  the  counti’y. 
There  are  three  principle  and  essential  fea¬ 
tures  noticeable  in  these  improvements,  to  wit : — 
Ist.  The  best  mode  of  reducing  the  apples  to 
Pomace.  2d.  The  new  and  improved  method  of 
laying  up  the  cheese.  3d.  The  continuous  appli¬ 
cation  of  progressive  power  for  expressing  the 
juice  of  the  apples. 
Briefly  as  regards  the  grinding,  experience 
has  demonstrated  that  the  (Irater,  properly  con¬ 
structed  and  run  at  high  speed,  is  the  best  known 
device  for  breaking  tho  miuuhj  colls  (if  the  ap¬ 
ple  and  iusuriiig  lluenoss,  whmh  condition  is 
essential  to  insuring  both  an  easy  (extraction  and 
a  full  yield  of  tho  Juice.  The  Grater  in  the  ex¬ 
hibit  referred  to  is  simple  in  (’.(uistruotiou,  safe 
in  strength,  with  every  detail  of  adjustment 
known  to  tho  wants  of  the  business. 
Both  tho  frame  and  tho  cylinder  are  made  of 
hon.  Tho  latter  timned  and  finely  balanced,  may 
be  run  from  two  thousand  to  tluee  thousand 
revolutions  per  minute,  if  doshed.  fSlght  steel 
knives,  sot  in  planed  grooves  across  the  face  of 
tho  cylinder  ai’O  held  in  place  by  hciavy  iron 
baixls  at  each  (Uid,  and  are  arranged  to  bo  roadUy 
adjusted  at  any'  (losired  projection.  Five  con¬ 
caves  of  lint  stwil  Bjirings  are  bo  arranged  as  to 
be  s(‘*t  at  any  dcaired  distauee  from  the  cylinder. 
A  noticeable  improvement  is,  tliat  eacli  one  may 
be  unn’oasod  to  any  desired  degree  of  stilfnesfi. 
Those  couoavfia  fly  back  when  stone  or  other  hard 
substances  paas  through,  thereby  preventing  in¬ 
jury  to  the  knives.  Tho  grinding  capacity  varies 
from  150  to  400  bnshels  jjer  hoar,  according  to 
speed  and  tineness  of  wor  k. 
Tho  most  noticeable  foatnie  of  tho  exhibit, 
however,  is  the  Power  Press  with  double  plat¬ 
form  and  tho  peculiar  manner  of  laying  up  the 
cheese,  as  illusti’ated  above,  which  methods  are 
now  extensively  tulojjted  by  leading  cider  manu¬ 
facturers  in  this  country. 
Tho  Press  in  the  illustration  is  run  by  power ; 
but  prosHOH  constructed  upon  this  principle, 
whether  worked  by  hand  or  power,  are  capable  of 
great  pressiu'e. 
Ill  nmuiug  down  tho  press,  tho  levers  on  each 
side  ai'e  simultaneously  drawn  towards  each  oth¬ 
er  by  revolving  tho  right  and  Icl't  hand  screw 
which  passes  tlirough  the  nuts  which  hinge  tlie 
levers  at  their  center,  thus  forcing  tho  platen  or 
follower  downw'ard  with  a  Continuously  decreas¬ 
ing  movement,  and  consequently  with  a  contin¬ 
uously  accumulating  power  which  at  last  be- 
becomes  almost  ii'rohistiblo. 
The  (loulile  |ilatforin  is  constructed  of  sufficient 
length  to  bold  two  cheeses,  one  of  which  can  be 
laid  up  at  one  end  while  the  other  is  being 
pressed.  Tho  platform  is  mounted  on  wheels 
running  upon  a  U'lick  of  such  length  as  to  admit 
of  endwise  movement  Hiifficient  to  liring  either 
cheese  imdcr  tlie  follower  at  will.  This  arrange¬ 
ment  is  an  important  improvement,  as  it  enables 
the  pj’eas  to  bo  kept  in  nearly  continuous  opera¬ 
tion— nearly  doubling  its  capacity. 
The  upper  )ilatform,  or  covering  for  the  top  of 
the  cheese,  is  permanently  attached  to  the  fol¬ 
lower,  thus  obviating  iBo  continuous  placing  and 
removal  of  tho  same.  Tho  manner  of  laying  up 
the  cheese  reudei's  the  operation  of  pressing 
clean,  quick  and  olTective.  It  consists  of  succes¬ 
sive  and  regular  layers  of  pomaco,  each  about 
four  inches  thick  and  of  a  size  adapted  to  the 
size  of  the  press,  each  layer  completely  unfolded 
in  cloth.  Thoso  are  shaped  in  a  simple  form  or 
frame,  iuturing  miiformity  of  size. 
Racks  made  of  basswood  strips,  one-half  inch 
thick  by  three-quai'tcr  incJi  wide  and  ono-quartor 
inch  apart,  are  laid  between  the  layers  as  they 
Ol  e  formed.  The  spaces  between  tho  slots  operate 
as  clinnnelB,  giving  ready  escape  for  the  cider 
from  the  center  and  all  parts  of  the  cheese  alike. 
By  means  of  tho  prorlslons  for  free  escape,  tho 
power  of  tliO  proBB  may  bo  continuouBly  applied 
80  that  each  chocBC  containing  ten  to  fifteen  bar- 
relBis  proBBod,  on  an  average,  in  one  hour’s  tlnio, 
to  which  ifl  added  ten  to  fifteen  minutes  more  to 
allow  for  proper  drainage.  Additional  imi>ortanl 
advantages  are  gained  bythia  Bystem,  in  that  the 
cider  paHses  from  tJie  press  sti-ained  and  perfectly 
free  from  dirt  and  particles  of  pomace,  and  also 
in  doing  away  with  the  dirt,  litter  and  exjrenao 
incident  to  the  use  of  straw. 
. . 
AYLESBURY  DUCKS. 
Last  September  I  had  forty-three  Aylesbury 
ducks,  young  and  old.  Two  years  ago  this 
spring  I  procured  two  dozen  eggs  from  a  party 
in  Rye,  N,  Y.,  I  forget  his  name,  from  which  I 
got  Bevon  ducks.  Not  tbo  fault  of  the  eggs, 
BOOMER. 
BOSCTIKR'U  BOWER  CIDER  DRESS. 
Sixty  to  eighty  baiTels  of  cider  in  ten  hours 
can  he  made  with  one  press  operated  in  tliis  man¬ 
ner,  with  labor  which  foruiorly  averaged  tifteou 
to  twenty  harrols  only.  Tho  maohinery  desoribed 
will  lie  put  in  practical  use  daily  -as  early  as  the 
present  growth  of  ap]il(.'S  will  permit. 
Taken  as  a  whoks,  this  exhibit  is  a  great  ad¬ 
vancement  in  cider -maluug  appliances  and  ma- 
clnuery,  and  one  which,  in  view  of  the  general 
promising  prospects  for  a  largo  crop  of  apples 
this  season,  is  most  timely  for  those  wisliingnew, 
or  desiring  to  substitute  more  improved  ma¬ 
chinery. 
- - 
ENTRIES  TO  THE  CENTENNIAL  FIELD 
EXHIBITION, 
To  be  hold  at  Schenck's  Station,  Pa.,  near  Phila¬ 
delphia,  commencing  Juno  26. 
MOWING  AND  REAl'INO  MACHINES. 
Ault, man,  .Miller  &  Co.,  “  Buckeye,”  4  machlne.s. 
C.  Auliinan  &  co..  “Buckeye,"  4  “ 
'I'owanda  Eureka  M.  (-0.. ‘•Eureka,”  i  ‘‘ 
Oils  Bros.  &  CO.,  "  llayiuiiker,”  1 
Win.  E.  Kelly,  “  Hcrew  "  i 
Eagle  M.  &  U.  M.  Co.,  •*  Wood's  Eagle,”  4  “ 
Screw  Mower  &  Reaper  Co., 
“  Screw  X  Keystone, ”  4  “ 
Walter  A.  Wood  M.  X  R.  M,  tio  . 
“  W.  A.  Wood,”  6 
Wm.  P.  Goodwin, -‘Screw,"  1  “ 
Warder,  MUeliell  &  Co.,  “  tffiamplon,”  3  “ 
Whlteley,  Fussier  &  KtUley. 
“Champion,”  6  “ 
Hilton,  Buekman  X  Co.  “  Ha  lieu  beck,”  3  “ 
c.  II.  tZ  L.  J.  .M(;Cormlck,  “  Advance,”  4  “ 
.Tohnsion  Harvester  Co.,  “ .rohnston,”  6  “ 
C.  Russell  X  Co.,  “  1'qcrlcs.s,"  5 
U.  M.  Osborne  X  Co., 
“  Burdick  X  Kirby,”  c  “ 
Adam  Prltz  X  Co.. 
Centennial  Dorsey,”  l 
Adrlance,  Platt  X  Co.,  “  Buck(?ye,”  ‘2  “ 
Daniel  Mi::Pheraori.  “  Marsli,”  l  “ 
Rochester  .\Krlcultural  Works, 
“  Meadow  Lark,”  3  “ 
Jas.  L.  Spink  X  Co.,  "  Momlow  Lark,”  1  “ 
Bradley  Mfg  Co..  “  Bradley,”  4 
Edwin  Ba.vlla.  “Massillon,”  1 
MAY  HAKKB. 
Vermont  Farm  Mach.  Co.,  “  Gleaner,"  l  machine. 
Clegg,  Wood  X  Co.,  “  Archer,"  i  “ 
Huber  Mf’g  Co.;  “Revolving,”  1 
s.  K.  Nye.  “  Buy  St, ate,"  i  “ 
A.  W.  Coates  &  Co., 
“  Coates  Lock  Lever,”  l  “ 
J.  E.  M'lsncr,  “  Tiger,”  i 
W.  11.  neld,  “  FRil'Ts  New,”  1  “ 
N.  Y.  JMow  Co.,  -  1  “ 
John  Thomas  A  Sons,  “  Thomas,”  l  “ 
Wheeler  X  Mclick  Co.,  “  Centennial,”  2  “ 
“  “  “Ithaca,"  ‘2  “ 
“  “  “Saratoga,"  1  “ 
Bradley  Mf’g  Co.,  “Bradle.v,”  1  “ 
HAY  TEHDEK.S. 
James  Lee,  Jr.,  -  1  machine. 
Stuart  Perry,  “Perry's  New  York.”  1  “ 
Klohard.son  MI'g  Co.,  “  Bullard.”  1  “ 
HAT  IJJADBK.S. 
American  Hay  Loading  M.  Co.. -  1  “ 
Stratton  &  Culliuh,  “  Foust's,'*  1  “ 
HAY  KOKKS.  ELEVATORS,  ETC. 
J.  R.  Flt'zhugh-  Hay  Elevator,  - 
A.  J.  Neills  S  CO.,  llay  Fork,  - 
HORSE  POWERS. 
G.  Westlnghouse  A  Co.,  -  1  machine. 
ailnard  Harder,  “  KnaTless,"  1  “ 
HORSE  AND  STBAM  PQJVER  THRESHERS. 
G.  Westlnghouse  x  co..  -  2  machines. 
Mlnard  Harder,  “Fearless,”  1  “ 
John  J.  Brlfker,  -  1  *' 
remi’u  Ag’l  Works,  -  1  “ 
PORTABLE  ENGINES. 
O.  Westlnghouse  (k  Co., -  l  machine. 
Pohh’a  .‘kg’l  Works,  -  1  “ 
Chandler  X  Taylor,  -  i  “ 
PLOWS  AND  GANG  PLOWS. 
sterns,  Foster  <tt  co.,  “  Chicago  Gang,”  - 
B.  S.  Benson,  Steam  Plowing  Attaolun’t,  - 
Minot  Ellis,  swivel  Plow.  - 
HORSE  CORN  DRILL. 
J.  XJ.  A,  CampbeU,  —  i  machine. 
machine. 
2  machines. 
1  “ 
machine. 
I  however,  but  one  bon  got  sick  under  which  I  had 
1  put  lialf  of  them.  The  forty-three  spoken  of 
I  above  came  from  that  stai't. 
I  caimot  give  any  account  of  the  profit  and 
loBB  but  I  can  state  Bomo  facts. 
They  commenced  to  lay  about  tho  Ist  Septem¬ 
ber  and  continued  through  that  month  and 
October  and  until  tho  10th  November.  We  ol)- 
tained  fifty-two  oggb  in  September  and  ninety-»ix 
in  October  bnt  only  twenty  in  November.  They 
commencod  again  the  2d  (jf  February  in  which 
month  they  only  laid  fifteen  oggs.  In  March  1 
got  one' huudnid  and  forty-nine  and  in  April  two 
himdi'od  and  eighty-six  and  in  May  two  hundred 
and  ninety-five  and  so  far  in  Juno  (the  18th)  one 
hundred  and  thirty-four. 
I  have  however  forgotten  to  say  that  om' 
spring  number  is  only  twenty-two  for  we  have 
had  some  very  fino  eating  dining  tho  winter  from 
our  fall  flock.  I  can  assm'e  you  that  it  was  very 
toothsome  eating. 
Of  the  twenty-two  wo  have  lost  two  and  seven 
are  drakes,  'i’heso  are  facta  and  “  we  want  facts 
young  man,"  Let  me  recapitulate — In  Septem¬ 
ber  wo  got  52  eggs  J  October,  96 ;  November, 
20  ;  Febrnai'y,  15 ;  March,  111) ;  April,  286 ;  May, 
295  ;  Juno  IS,  134.  ToUil  1,047. 
I  don’t  think  this  a  veiy  bad  showing,  but  as  I 
have  said  before,  I  cannot  state  anything  in 
regal'd  to  tho  profit  bocanse  my  fowis  and  ducks 
lu'o  all  fed  in  common. 
I  have  no  jxnid  of  water  for  them  to  resort  to, 
but  1  have  some  low  laud  through  which  there  is 
a  wido  driiiu  to  which  they  rosort  when  per¬ 
mitted,  and  where  w-e  have  sometimes  to  deny 
them,  as  otu'  garden  is  in  that  neighborhood  and 
they  arc  very  fond  of  “  garden  sass."  I  see  tliat 
Mr.  Bicknell  in  the  June  nmnbor  of  the  Poulti'y 
Bulletin,  says  that  from  two  to  four  ducks  are 
allowablo  to  one  drako.  I  think  I  have  had  too 
many  drakes  tills  spring  and  shall  hereafter  have 
only  one  (h'ako  for  three  ducks. 
Young  ducks  are  vei'y  tender  and  require  pocu- 
Uai'  feeding  and  much  care.  In  the  article  above 
alluded  to,  Mr.  Bioknri.l  says  that  they  should 
be  fed  only  cooked  food,  composed  of  the  meal  of 
corn  and  oats  gromid  together  in  which  by 
mea.sui’e  add  an  equal  (piantitj-  of  wheat  bran 
Avith  which  mix  sumo  finely  -  chopjxjd  cooked 
meat  of  a  cheap  kind.  I  have  not  had  very  ex¬ 
cellent  luck  this  spruig  with  my  ducklings,  but 
hope  to  have  better  now-  that  I  have  adopted  ]Mi'. 
Bicknell’b  plan  of  feeding.  b.  z. 
Ridgewood,  N.  J. 
- - 
WHICH  IS  THE  MOST  PROFITABLE  BREED 
OF  HENS  TO  KEEP1 
Tins  seems  to  be  a  difficult  problem  to  solve. 
After  ten  years  expeiieuce,  w-ith  a  number  of 
different  breeds  and  an  almost  endless  variety  of 
crosses,  I  have  come  to  the  conchisiou  that  there 
is  more  in  the  proper  management  than  in  the 
breed.  For  five  or  six  years,. tlie  Bra  Innas  were 
my  first  choice  but  I  have  finally  decided  that 
some  of  the  smaller  breeds— as  for  instance  the 
“Leghorns,”  “Houdans"  or  “  Polands ’’—will 
pay  best. 
A  hen  weighing  three  or  four  pounds  can  lay 
one  egg  in  a  day,  while  a  hen  weighing  twelve 
pounds  can  do  no  more.  Tho  amount  of  feed 
required  to  grow'  one  chicken  to  twelve  poimds 
should  raise  two  or  three  smaller  ones.  When 
full  grown  the  difference  in  food  is  less,  but 
there  is  still  a  difference. 
A  laying  lion  will  lay  her  weight  in  eggs  in  a 
very  short  time  and  requires  food  accordingly. 
A  miller  cannot  nm  lus  mill  ivithout  grain, 
neither  can  a  hen,  a  part  w’hich  some  people 
seem  to  overlook. 
When  a  person  is  sufficiently  hitorested  in  the 
poultry  business  to  pay  extravagant  iirices  for 
eggs  of— to  him  at  least — new  breeds,  ho  is  very 
hkely  to  give  them  exti'a  care  and  attention— at 
least  while  they  are  a  new  thing— and  the  result 
is  a  good  margin  of  profit,  for  hens  will  pay 
every  thiic  if  well  taken  care  of  and  the  profit 
coiTesjKUuls  with  the  care  taken. 
Pleased  at  the  result  tbo  next  step  ho  will 
j  probably  send  an  article  to  tho  puiHU's  saying 
that  the  “  Brahmas,”  “  lieghorns,"  “Houdans” 
or  whatever  the  variety  may  be,  are,  all  things 
considered,  tho  most  profitable  jireed  to  keep, 
httle  tliiuldng  that  the  hens  rejected  would 
probably  have  given  as  good  results  under  the 
same  improved  management. 
I  have  kept  Uio  Bolton  Grays,  Polands,  Dork¬ 
ings,  Black  Spanish,  Light  and  Dark  Brahmas, 
Buff,  and  Paitridge  Cochins,  Dominiques  and 
White  Leghorn.  Each  and  all  have  their  strong 
point,  also  their  demerits. 
One  breed  are  goml  layers,  but  unfit  for  the 
table,  another  tak(.!s  on  fiesh  rapidly  but  lay 
sparuigly.  One  kind  will  allow  you  to  almost 
stop  on  thorn  and  another  are  as  wild  as  hawks. 
One  boars  confinenient  well,  others  not  at  all. 
And  BO  it  goes,  I  have  not  yet  found  tho  breed 
that  is  perfect  in  all  respects. 
It  is  perfectly  proper  for  any  person  to  have 
their  pot  kinds,  hut  overstrained  statements, 
and  tix(.'d  up  figures  to  sustain  their  choice 
should  be  avoided. 
My  avorage  number  of  liens  has  been  about 
ouo  iiundred  and  I  havo  kept  an  exact  ac(X)unt  of 
all  monies  received  or  exiicnded  and  am  not 
obliged  to  dojiend  upon  wliat  my  ludglibors  say, 
or  to  guess  at  results,  for  tho  figures  are  before 
mo.  Feed  raised  has  been  pul  down  as  feed 
bought.  F.ggs  and  ismlti'y  used  m  the  family 
have  been  reckoned  as  sold. 
Now  It  is  not  my  intention  to  inflict  all  these 
figures  upon  the  Rural  readers,  suffice  it  to  say 
that  after  aUow-ing  for  all  mishaps  and  losses— 
that  have  boon  considorabh^ — and  for  all  mis¬ 
takes — wbioh  have  been  many — the  net  cash 
profit  figures  up  to  something  over  nine  hundred 
(90U)  dollars  for  tho  ten  years.  To  be  sm'o  this 
is  not  as  good  a  showing  as  ive  often  read  about, 
but  is  very  satislivetoi'y  to  me. 
Tho  mauuro  made  is  also  worth  considering. 
Then  tho  sorrice  the  hens  havo  done  by  destroy¬ 
ing  worms,  bugs,  insects,  etc.,  is  beyond  esti¬ 
mate,  as  is  also  tlie  great  pleasure  in  taking  cai'e 
of  them  and  the  satifactiou  of  testing  different 
breeds.  On  tlie  ivhole  I  am  well  pleased  with 
poultry  keeping.  Nelson  Ritter. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
• - ♦  ♦  ♦ - 
HOUDANS. 
The  Enghsh  Ag.  Gazette  Avhile  speaking  a 
good  word  for  the  Houdan,  is  quite  averse  to 
placing  it  Ih'st  in  the  list : 
Wo  are  frequently  asked  what  breed  of  poultry 
is  considered  the  best— a  very  puzzling  question 
to  answer  without  a  statement  of  ch'cmnstances, 
bv  which  wo  mean  situation  and  size  of  run, 
whether  eggs  or  chicks  are  tho  chief  considera¬ 
tion,  if  beauty  of  plumage  or  a  quiet  oasy-going 
dispositiou  is  of  oonsoqueuco.  Wliou  informed 
on  these  points,  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  name 
two  or  three  varieties  of  fowls  which  if  properly 
tended,  will  satisfy  the  demand  for  “  jirofitahle 
poultry.”  At  present  there  is  a  sti'ong  endeavor 
to  force  Houdans  to  the  top  of  tlie  lii>t  and  there 
leave  them  permanent  among  fowls.  We  are  of 
thoso  w'ho  disjmte  their  right  to  that  jiosition. 
We  knoAv,  and  readily  allow,  that  their  merits 
are  great,  that  under  trying  ch'cumstances  they 
hold  their  gromid  and  tliat,  if  considered  on  the 
table  as  well  as  producers  of  eggs,  they  iviU  hold 
then'  ow-n.  Hardy,  weighing  well  for  then'  size, 
consequently  compact  and  plump,  quiet  and 
Avith  flesh  of  a  good  color,  they  are  in  the  first- 
class  hut  not  at  tho  top  of  it.  Some  people 
admire  them  in  the  yard  or  pen,  others  dislike 
their  appearance,  though  “massed"  or  seen  in 
large  niuubers  they  Avould  please  the  eye  of 
many  who  ai'e  not  partial  to  a  sohtary  bh'd. 
Somo  good  judges  consider  that  no  bh'd  looks 
better  alone  in  the  competition  pen  than  a  good 
Houdan.  That  is  a  matter  of  tasto  and  Ave  must 
leave  every  one  to  consult  and  please  his  oavu 
eye.  Our  object  now  is  to  resist  tho  efforts  of 
Houdan  fanciers  to  place  their  favorites  at  the 
top  of  the  Ust,  while,  as  av'o  have  said,  Ave  are 
quite  ahvo  to  then'  just  claims  upon  the  favor  of 
poultry  keepers. 
- - - - 
FoAivi.8  prefer,  as  well  as  need,  good,  pure,  cold 
water,  especially  in  warm,  sultry  weather. 
