e/%1' 
PROGRESS  AND  IMPROVEMENT.’* 
knows  the  facts  of  the  case.  If  one  of 
this  breed  of  animals  happens  to  be  a  can¬ 
didate  for  office,  inquire  what  his  business 
is  and  you  will  be  informed  that  he  held 
office — and  before  that  he  was  an  office¬ 
holder  and  before  that  he  was  an  employee 
of  some  brancli  of  government.  Is  he  in 
a  jjecuniary  position  to  sustain  the  ex- 
lienses  of  election  and  live  while  receiving 
such  small  jjay  ?  OJi !  certainly.  He  is 
well  off.  How'  did  he  acquire  his  wealth  ? 
Well  !  he  has  been  a  politician  for  years. 
Here  you  have  the  bottom  facts.  Here  is 
the  secret. 
Much  has  been  8ai<l  about  the  temble 
Pest,  the  Potato  JJeetle.  Many  poisons 
have  been  used  for  its  extermination  and 
numerous  murderous  plans  have  been 
concocted  for  its  destruction  ;  but  if  these 
people  who  ai'o  doing  all  this  would  only 
turn  their  attention  to  scune  social  exter¬ 
minator  of  the  Professional  Politician, 
they  would  soon  lluil  tlicms^ilves  amply 
cojiqmusatod  for  their  ncighx'-t  of  the  po¬ 
tatoes  by  a  greatly  increased  eroj?  of  re¬ 
duced  taxes  and  honest  public  improve¬ 
ments. 
]Much  has  also  been  written  and  said 
about  ovo'productioii  being  tlje  cause  of 
hard  times.  Now,  there  never  has  been 
in  this  country  any  sucli  thing  as  over- 
l^roductiou  from  whi<;h  siutli  results  could 
accrue  except  in  cukch  (fra88hoj>per8. 
Potato  Beetles  and  Politicians.  The  tw'o 
first  will  be  eradicated  in  course  of  time 
and  the  last  you  have  now  in  yoiu’  omi 
hands. 
During  the  present  tsampaign,  especially 
in  case  of  towm  and  county  officers,  indus- 
trionsly  jirepare  your  pdlitical  Poison,  in 
November  next  charge  Ihe  polls  in  a  body, 
and  once  and  for  all  rid  yourselves  of  this 
voracious  pest,  compared  with  whom  tlio 
Western  “Hoiipcr”  is  a  dyspejjtic  aiid 
the  stx'qje-back  potato  (diap  is  devoid  of 
ajxpetite.  Once  rid  of  this  incubus  it 
matters  not  to  Avhich  party  you  belong, 
you  7mist  come  out  all  right,  in  tlie  end. 
as  a  brief  and  comprehensive  definition  of 
Faith  as  generally  used ;  but  as  Assent, 
Belief  and  Knowledge  may  be  all  thus 
defined,  it  seems  to  be  not  satisfactorily 
concise.  Locke  says,  “Faith  is  the  as¬ 
sent  to  any  proposition  on  the  credit  of 
the  proposer.”  Tliis  may  be  used  as  well 
to  define  Assent  and  Belief  and  is  not,  it 
seems  to  us,  sufficient. 
Faith  is  the  conviction  of  the  truth  of 
a  statement  or  proposition  of  which,  from 
our  nature,  it  is  impo8.sible  for  us  to  at¬ 
tain  knowledge  or  to  logically  prove  or 
disprove — as  faith  in  tlie  absolute ;  in  the 
ultimate  first  cause  of  all  things  ;  in  Goi>. 
In  further  explanation,  let  us  quote 
from  Hkkbekt  Spknceb’s  “First  Princi¬ 
ples  of  Philo8cn>h^%”  (p.  98,)  where  he 
says: — “Though  the  absolute  cannot  in 
any  manner  or  degree  be  known  in  the 
stnet  sense  of  knowing,  yet  we  fin<l  that 
its  positive  existence  is  a  uecessaiy’  datum 
of  consciousness ;  that  so  long  as  con¬ 
sciousness  continues,  Ave  cannot  for  an  in¬ 
stant  rid  it  of  Ihis  datum,  and  that  thus 
the  tjcHcjf  which  this  datum  coustitutes 
luis  a  higher  Avon-ant  than  axiy  other 
whatever.  ” 
Whether  one  has  faith  in  anything  is 
conclusively  shown  in  Avhether  he  is  Avill- 
ing  to  govera  his  actions  so  that  they  shidl 
be  in  accordance  with  his  professions. 
it  came  out  that  it  cost  something  to  keep 
a  collection  of  dried  plants  as  well  as  to 
procure  one.  The  Gray  Herbarium  at 
the  Cambridge  Botanic  Garden  x-equires 
the  constant  labor  of  three  persons,  one 
at  least  of  AA'hom  must  be  a  competent 
botanist,  consequently  oalling  for  an  an¬ 
nual  outlay  of  several  thousands  of  dol¬ 
lars.  Cabiueffi  of  specimens  of  natunil 
history  are  grand  instructors,  and  always 
desirable  on  tliat  account,  both  for  indi¬ 
viduals  and  societies;  but  the  cost  of 
keeping  is  frequently  more  than  the  xnak- 
ing  or  price  paid  AA'llen  purchasing.  Our 
city  young  men  often  find  out  to  their  sor¬ 
row  that  the  same  is  true  in  regard  to 
keeping  fast  or  even  sloAv-goiug  horses. 
.V  NATIONAL  ILLUSTUATEn 
ANDREW  S.  FULLER,  Editor 
ELBERT  S.  CARMAN, 
Associate  Editor. 
X.  A.  WILLARD,  A.  M.,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y., 
GniToit  or  TH*  DmETMENT  OF  Daiky  Hcsbanpry. 
(i.  A.  C.  BAllNETT,  I'HlillHliti 
TERMS  FOR  1376.  IN  ADVANCE, 
INCLUDING  I'OSTAGK,  M  lUCll  rUBUSlIERB  PhKPAT 
Tlie  Price  of  Pork  nnrt  Corn. — 
One  of  our  Western  cotemporaries  gives  a 
table  assuming  to  show  what  it  costs  to 
jxrodnee  a  pound  of  pork  from  corn  at 
various  prices  per  bushel.  For  instance, 
if  corn  is  50  cents  a  bushel  poi'k  costs  6 
cents  a  pound.  Now  the  question  avxII 
arise  upon  Avhat  partictihur  breed  Avas  this 
table  ot  estimate  founded,  for  there  should 
be  a  great,  diffentnee  betAA'cen  the  long- 
legged  racers,  so  common  in  some  jxarts 
of  the  country  and  the  Borkshires  or 
Poland  Gliinas,  else  Avliorein  comes  the 
merits  claimed  for  the  latter  ?  The  ques¬ 
tion  for  tlie  fiiriuf'r  to  decide,  is  AV'hut  par¬ 
ticular  breed  Avill  give  the  greatest  quan¬ 
tity  and  best  quality  of  pork  for  a  given 
quantity  of  food. 
81ii«lo  Cony,  per  A’ car.  To  ciubn  Five  Cor¬ 
ies.  nnd  oTip.  copy  I'roo  U)  Ajront  or  goti..cr  np  of  Clul>, 
forfl.A.I0!  SevonCoplca.  mill  ouo  free,  for  $17.30:  Ten 
Copies, 1111(1  one  free,  $21.. “iO  only  I'Lifi  per  copy.  The 
above  rutea  incluilt  por/ii-gr  (miOer  the  now  law, 1  to 
any  part  of  the  lInttoO  bt-ote?.,  ami  the  Ainerlc.'iii 
postage  on  iD I  copies  lualleil  to  Cunutlu.  On  papers 
mailed  to  ICuruiip,  by  stoiimer,  the  jiostage  will  be  Hft 
cents  extra— or  tth-AOin  all.  IXr.Afta.  I’oat-OfUci*  Money 
Orders  and  Registered  I.otHTS  innv  be  iiimlod  nt  oiir 
risk.  S37~  Liberal  I’rcnilum*  to  all  Club  Agf  tils  who 
donottiigc  frro  copirA.  Npivelmctn  NnrnbnrF,  Show. 
Bilia,  &c.,  sent  I  reo. 
ADVERTISING  RATES: 
Inside.  Mill  and  Inth  pages  (Agate  space). aoc.  per  line, 
'•  mth  page . 70  *' 
Ontslde  or  Isst  page  . 1.0G  “ 
Fiftv  per  cent,  extra  forumisiial  display. 
Special  N(iti('c»,  leaded,  byconni . ..1.25  ** 
llusiness  b.iiO  " 
Reading  '  ...2.00  “ 
Uhscouiit  (jD  <  liisei'tloiis,  10  piir  ct.:  8  ins..  15  per  ct.; 
U  Ins..  20  pur  ft.:  26  Ins.,  26  pur  cl.;  52  ins.,  S.A,<<  per  ut. 
gay  No  iKlvertlsemeut  inaerled  for  less  than  $3. 
RUEAL  NOTES  AND  aUEEIES 
Instructive  Keadiixg. — We  expect 
to  commence,  next  w'eek,  the  publication 
of  a  series  of  articles  treating  on  the  Ac¬ 
quisition  and  DiATision  of  the  Territory  of 
the  United  States.  So  much  of  the  his¬ 
tory  of  America  previous  to  the  Be  volu¬ 
tion,  will  be  giA'Cn,  in  a  condensefl  form, 
as  is  neoessnrj'  for  a  oomplete  untlerstand- 
iug  of  the  claims  made  by  different  Na¬ 
tions  to  Amorieau  territ/ory  at  that  time. 
This  will  be  followed  by  a  recital  of  the 
causes  that  led  to  tlie  erection  of  now 
States  from  the  territory  acquired  since 
t  he  Declaration  of  Independence,  by  treaty 
and  purchase — aiul  itu  accouut  of  the 
changes  of  boundaries  and  jiuisdiction  of 
some  portions  belonging  to  the  Original 
thirteen  States.  In  most  of  tlie  histories 
with  wliich  our  readers  are  familiar  tlxese 
changes  arc  usually  stated  merely  as 
facts  without  giving  reasons  therefor. 
The  cfiuses  tlierennto  moving  arc  often 
higlily  entertaining,  and  Ave  eiT  in  judg¬ 
ment,  if  these  articles  are  not  pronounced 
by  old  and  young  alike,  to  be  full  of  in¬ 
terest  Hud  instruction. 
RURAL  BREVITIES, 
Address 
Tiiic  mcrita  of  the  “  Signal  Service  Borometer,” 
made  by  H.  W.  Poor,  &  Co.,  will  be  found  fully 
set  forth  in  oiu*  advertising  columns. 
Tnx.  Ofllcial  Hognlatioiis  issued  by  the  Direct¬ 
or-General  which  will  govern  the  Live  Stock 
ExliiiiiUou,  will  be  found  on  unotiier  page.  All 
exhibitors  should  read  them  carefully. 
The  shippitiK  of  dressed  meat  from  tliis  coun¬ 
try  to  Europe,  bids  f.air  to  become  a  successful 
uiid  money  mnkiiig  enterprise.  The  people  on 
botii  sides  of  the  .4tIanUc  are  interested  ni  I  his 
trade  and  wo  hope  it  ANill  prove  beueiicial  ail 
around. 
The  Pigeon  fanciers  are  having  some  fine  sport 
of  lute  in  racing  Avilh  tlicir  finest  birds.  This  is 
much  bettor  than  Pigeon  shooting,  and  we  com- 
niond  tho  “Carrier'’  to  those  who  desire  lunuse- 
ment,  which  need  not  restiH  in  cruelty  to  animais 
and  ceiiain  debasement  to  the  perpetrators. 
Txie  statement  wbiob  liiis  been  pretty  exten- 
tivcly  circulated  that  tlie  Chinese  employed  at 
>>*)rlb  Admiiih.  Mass.,  have  been  di.smissed  and 
arc  to  be  eent  back  to  China  is  untrue,  and  no 
doubt  the  story  vrns  started  bv  some  member  of 
tlie  Trades  Luion  who  wonfd  like  to  lake  tiieir 
places. 
Visitors  to  the  Centenuial  sbonld  not  f:iil  to 
call  al  the  Kansas  and  Colorado  State  building, 
where  there  are  many  iutercsting  things  to  be 
seen  and  none  more  so  than  the  anperb  collec¬ 
tion  of  natural  curiosiUes  collected  by  the  inde¬ 
fatigable  NatiwaJist,  Airs.  M.  A.  Maxwkx.l  of 
Boulder.  Colorado. 
Evans’  -VuvjBimsiNo  Hani>-Book.  Centennial 
Edition,  is  Uio  most  gorgeously  picturesque  affair 
of  its  kind  wo  liave  yet  seen.  After  seeking  for 
information  in  its  pagea,  ivhich  will  be  found  in 
a  compact  shape,  it  Avill  be  a  cheerful  diversion 
to  take  one  more  glanco  at  that  wonderful  title 
page.  T.  C.  Evans,  252  Washington  St.,  Boston, 
JIass.,  is  responsible  for  this  convenient  Hand- 
Book. 
Pr-voticai.  Books  upon  subjects  interesting  to 
the  Rural  population,  such  as  Architecture,  Ma- 
nming.  Dairy  Husbandry,  Live  Slock, 
should  be  a  norlion  of  the  worldly  posseasion  of 
all  our  reader.').  We  have  just*  received  from 
Geo.  E.  Woodward  A  Co.  of  31  Broad  street. 
New  York,  their  new  Catalogue,  containing  a  full 
descriptive  list  of  such  works.  All  Avho  are  in¬ 
terested  in  Uiem  should  send  lor  tlie  Catalogue. 
In  tlie  article  de.scriptive  of  the  Reaping  ma¬ 
chine  of  The  Eagle  Mowing  aud  Reaping  Ma¬ 
chine  Company  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  published  in 
last  week's  issue  our  typos  (those  ecoundrels 
who  always  stultify  Editors,  yon  know.)  made  us 
speak  of  “telling”  apparatus  inateail  of  the  “tilt¬ 
ing"  apparatus.  This  is  a  telling  joko  on  the 
scribiffing  department  and  justice  to  W.  Anson 
Wood,  the  inventor  of  the  Machine,  compels  ua 
to  tell  about  it,  if  wc  can  do  so  Avithiinit  having  a 
tilt  with  our  printers, 
Dt7Ri.No  the  last  week  in  the  Rural  Pnblioa- 
tion  Offioo  one  day  the  air  grew  thick,  darkness 
settled  upon  the  eaith  like  unto  night  and  the 
signs  portended  some  mighty  convulsion  of  na¬ 
ture.  To  guess  at  the  cause  would  have  been 
useless  so,  waiting  for  some  explanation,  we  were 
suddenly  enlightened  when  we  observed  the  ap- 
lieai'auoe  on  our  threshold  of  Jonesofbinghamton 
— skaies  and  all.  The  heaviness  in  the  atmos¬ 
phere  was  elucidated  and  we  once  more  breathed 
freely.  This  latter  soasation  howeA'er,  was  oon- 
siderably  increased  when  we  learned  that  he  was 
to  leave  for  home  the  same  day.  Verily,  New 
York  is  a  beautiful  place  to  go  away  from  at  this 
season  of  the  vear. 
RURAL  PUBLISHING  CO., 
78  Duane  Street,  New  York  City 
SATURDAY,  .TULY  22,  1876. 
POLITICAL  DUTIES. 
WinLE  the  Rtoal  New-Yorkkr  is  not 
the  oi'gan  of  any  political  party  and  ha.s 
nothing  to  do  AA'ith  political  contests  ii\ 
any  shajxe  or  form,  the  present  is  deemed 
a  good  time  to  say  a  ftnv  avoxtIs  upon  a 
subject  Avhicli  nearly  cunceras  the  head 
of  each  of  the  thousands  of  families  at 
Avhose  fireside  the  ItuRAii  is  a  Ai'eekly  vis¬ 
itor,  And  Avhat  we  have  to  say  a.pijlie8 
equally  to  the  jxeoplc  of  any  and  every 
political  stiTpe  and  belief  and  is  specially 
addressed  to  the  rm-ul  population,  Avho, 
living  as  they  do  in  comjxarative  seclusion 
and  at  considerable  di.stauce  apart,  and 
liaviug  less  means  of  ixersonal  intorcourse 
Avitli  each  other  than  those  of  more  thick¬ 
ly-settled  disti-icts,  are  more  liable  to  feel 
the  ill  effects  of  the  CAdl  to  Avhich  Ave 
allude. 
The  producing  class  of  this  country  rep¬ 
resent  its  wealth  and  solidity  and  compxise 
a  large  majority  of  all  the  voters.  Yet  in 
the  office-holding  fraternity  tliis  class  de¬ 
velops  such  a  sorry  minority  that  Ave  are 
compelled,  by  the  sti-iking  contrast,  to 
ask  oTU'selves  if  it  has  become  an  absolute 
necessity  that  Fanners  should  be  repre¬ 
sented  in  the  various  legislatiA'e  bodies  by 
their  LaAvyer  or  their  Dixstor — a  class  of 
men,  than  whom,  as  a  rule,  no  one  knows 
less  of  the  real  Avants  and  actual  needs  of 
a  rural  constituency.  But  these  sorts  of 
men  are  the  talkers  of  the  world  and  gen¬ 
erally  put  themselves  forward  to  do  the 
representing  for  the  workers  of  the  Avorld. 
They  become  the  law  makers  and  law  ex¬ 
ecutors  who  consent  to  accept  for  their 
labor  (?)  a  trifling  compensation  Avhich 
comes  out  of  the  pockets  of  the  law  abid- 
ers.  From  a  beginning  in  the  represent¬ 
ative  business,  they  extend  their  trade  till 
they  become  the  professional  politi- 
oiAN,  than  whom  America  cannot  boast  a 
more  voracious,  liungry,  unconscionable 
and  unprincipled  animal.  If  this  by 
chance  should  meet  the  eye  of  one  of  these 
animals  he  will  probably  laugh  and  grow 
fat  over  it,  for  no  one  better  than  he 
FAITH  AND  BELIEF. 
Dear  Rukax.; — In  an  article  jiuliliKhcd  a  few 
weeks  ago,  van  incirlentally  rofer  to  the  laot  that 
tho  use  of  Uie  wordH  Faith  iiud  Bcliof,  synony- 
monsly,  has  occasioned  conteoversieM  .md 
pntos.  If  It  never  hod  before,  it  has  since  the 
pubUcatioD  of  the  article,  and  s(.imo  of  the  dis¬ 
putants  Aviil  bo  A'ery  mnciri  pleased  if  yon  will 
point  out  the  particular  difference  in  thou- mean¬ 
ing.  The  writer  is  very  sure  that  ns  they  aio 
used  in  such  sermonH  and  religious  teat  Lings  as 
has  come  under  her  particular  notice,  it  is  difli- 
enJt  to  understand  how  they  differ. — .t.  a.  w. 
Desirlng  always  to  grant  all  reasonable 
requests  of  oxir  readers  and  thinking  tliat 
others  may  be  iotoi’ested  in  the  questioii, 
we  are  veiy  glad  to  respond.  But  in  con¬ 
nection  we  will  say  that  the  other  words, 
Assent  and  Know  ledge,  are  so  often  used 
Avith  nearly  the  same  meaning  as  Faith 
and  Belief,  we  are  inclined  to  give  them  a 
consideration  in  our  ausAver. 
As  a  simple  illastrution  of  Avliat  we 
mean  we  AviU  suppose  that  a  person  coming 
into  a  house  wheire  yon  are  sitting,  makes 
the  simple  remark  ^lat  it  rains.  Wthout 
thought  or  question  you  are  impressed 
that  it  does  rain,  merely  because  he  says 
BO,  and  yon  assent  to  his  remark.  But  im¬ 
mediately  you  notice  his  cunt  is  wet ;  your 
reason  comes  to  heljx  and  you  say,  This 
wetting  is  undoubtedly  caused  Ixy  rain, 
and  you  believe  his  statement  to  be  true. 
Now,  if  you  go  to  the  door  and  see  the 
water  falling  aud  feel  it  on  yoxir  face  or 
hands,  yon  know  it  rains.  But  neither 
of  these — Assent,  Belief  or  Knowledge — 
is  the  result  of  or  is  in  any  way  like/rtff/g 
Should  we  tiy  to  reduce  what  we  mean  to 
a  diotionaiy  form  of  definition,  we  should 
put  it  more  in  form  as  follows  : 
.iLbsent  is  the  admission  of  the  truth  of 
a  statement  or  proposition  Avithout  sub¬ 
jecting  it  to  any  proof  either  of  further 
evidence,  reason  or  expexriment. 
Belief  is  confidence  in  the  truth  of  a 
statement  or  proposition,  after  having  ex¬ 
amined  the  evidence  so  far  as  possible  by 
the  aid  of  Reason. 
Knoavledgb.— When  we  have  the  testi¬ 
mony  of  our  senses  used  in  conjunction 
Avith  our  reason  to  attest  the  trutli  of  evi¬ 
dence  suppox'ting  a  statement  or  px'oposi- 
tion,  wo  may  be  said  to  know  it. 
Faith. — “The  conviction  of  the  truth 
of  testimony”  would  be  generally  received 
Neighbors  I5ree(linga  Nxii.sauce. 
— The  Colorado  potato  beetle  is  likely  to 
cause  some  sixecial  legislation,  inasmuch 
as  there  are  scoi-es  of  fanners  wlio  will 
plaut  potatoes  and  then  notkill  the  beetles 
Avhich  feed  and  breed  theivon.  Wo  have 
seen  a  number  of  instances  of  this  kind 
the  present  season  and  as  soon  as  the 
beetles  have  devoured  the  leaves  of  one 
field  they  immediately  take  to  another,  if 
it  is  in  condition  to  supply  them  with 
food.  NoAt'  it  is  a  questioxi  Avhich  must 
sooner  or  later  be  decided  in  our  courts, 
whether  a  man  has  the  right  to  feed  mil¬ 
lions  of  this  pest  for  a  time,  and  then  let 
them  loose  upon  his  neighbors’  fields,  Avho 
up  to  that  time  may  have  kejxt  liis  pota¬ 
toes  clear  of  both  beetles  and  larvae.  A 
man  has  no  more  moral  right  to  breed  in¬ 
sets  to  prey  upon  his  neighbors'  jxosses- 
sious  than  he  has  wolves,  bears,  or  other 
larger  animals.  If  our  laws  do  not  afford 
the  neoessaiy  protection  then  some  should 
be  made  to  meet  the  case  in  jjoint,  and 
that  too  A'^ery  speedily. 
That  Dead  Horse  Again. — Tlie 
old  horse  that  was  poisoned  by  licking 
Paris  green  from  his  legs  while  working 
among  fiotato  vanes  which  had  been 
sprinkled  with  this  substance,  must  have 
many  lives  for  we  hear  of  him  first  in  one 
town  then  in  another,  but  it  seems  diffi¬ 
cult  to  get  any  nearer  than  some  neighbor 
who  don’t  believe  in  poisoning  the  potato 
beetle,  because  his  neighbor  a  lialf  mile 
or  mile  away  had  a  horse  killed,  Ac. — the 
same  old  story  over  again.  This  horse 
reminds  us  of  a  certain  boy  who  has 
been  stung  to  death  by  the  17-year  locust, 
(an  inseot  which  has  no  sting)  for  the  last 
fifty  years  and  still  keeps  on  getting 
killed  every  time  these  big  flies  come 
around. 
BUSINESS  NOTICES 
The  Cost  of  Keeping  'an  Her¬ 
barium. — The  Massachusetts  Hoiticul- 
tural  Society  have  been  discussing  the 
question  as  to  whether  it  was  advisable 
lor  it  to  collect  and  keep  an  Herbarium 
for  the  use  of  its  members,  dxu’ing  which 
Thirty-nine  years’  experience  lu  the  monufac- 
ture  of  White  Lead,  warrants  us  In  stating  tb'at  our 
•‘Pbocenix’’  brand  Pure  White  Dead  cannot 
fall  to  give  entire  satisfaction.  Eckstein,  Hills  & 
Co.,  Cincinnati,  O. 
