AUS.  ■12 
I 
OORE'S  RWRAL  HEW-VORKER 
t)ie8e  holes  should  be  a  gutter,  common  to  all 
the  troughs,  wliich  may  convey  away  tlje  waste 
water  tn  the  manure  (Auk.  In  one  corner  <ir  side 
of  the  room  tlio  bolh'i'  should  bo  placed,  and  over 
it  a  supply  jiijx!  from  a  colil-wat or  cistern.  I’i|*es 
may  be  conduct'd  from  bfif.h  (Ijc  cold-water  cis¬ 
tern  and  the  Ixiilcr,  ho  as  to  deliver,  on  turning 
the  faucetH,  cold  or  hot  water,  ut  pleasure,  into 
each  trough. 
“The  lloor  of  cverj' wash-house  ought  to  be 
very  carefully  paved,  with  au  inclination  of  an 
inch  to  a  yard  toward  one  corner,  in  which  there 
ought  to  bo  a  trap  drain  Ic.ading  to  the  manure 
tank.  This  inclin.ition,  which  will  hardly  bo 
percejjtible  t<i  the  eye,  or  rocog'nizc/l  in  standing 
or  walking,  will  yet  bo  most  nH<‘fiil,  by  directing 
all  the  water  which  must  occaHionally  be  spilt  OJi 
the  lloor  to  the  point  whore  it  will  lie  carried  pIJ'. 
Close  under  the  ceiling  there  should^bo  several 
openings  communicating  with  the  ontHido  air,  to 
caiTy  off  the  stciini,  and  in  llie  bottom  of  the 
door  there  ongiil  to  bo  corresponding  openings 
to  admit  fresli  air.  Both  oiienings  should  have 
shutters  sliding  in  horizontal  grooves,  with  hooks 
in  them,  so  as  to  admit  of  their  being  easily 
drawn  back  or  pushed  forward.” 
^icau 
THE  HUCKLEBERRY. 
CuH  readers  rnnstremcimbr’r  how  often  in  these 
calnmns  huckleberry  cultivation  lias  bt:en  urged. 
We  read  with  jile.'tsure  an  essay  upon  this  wholly 
neglected  fruit,  reml  before  the  New  Jersey  Btat’e 
Horticultural  Society ,  )>y  Mr.  C.  W.  I  oki.'l— ex¬ 
tracts  from  whicJi  we  give  below  regretIJng  tlia- 
onr  space  proventsits  entire  iinblicivtion  : 
AVTiile  Hoi  Ueultiu'ists  are  busy  iirojiagatisg 
and  in  trod  ne.l  I  ig  new  varieties  of  JVnlt.s,  1  Icn'o 
it  to  tliein  to  sound  their  praisos,  while  I  juU 
your  attention  to  one  of  onrown  natives  thathas 
been  uegleclotl,  yet  in  tpudily  is  far  snjicrifr  to 
many  species  they  have  Leon  enthusia  aticaljy  cx- 
I  tolled  as  being  the  perfection  of  rich  and  desrabJo 
culture.  I  have  never  known  this  fruit  to  be 
cullivatod  or  the.  least  attempt  made  to  b  ing  it 
under  the  boiids  of  civilization,  itllhoiigli  ninny 
M-ritershave  coneliukd  it  coiild  be  doio.  'J'lio 
fact  is,  (lod  lias  distributed  this  little  lorry  too 
freely  over  our  Stale  for  us  lit  nppreciatft  its  ex- 
cellenco  .md  iiossiliilUy  of  improvomenl. 
Strawberries  once  grew  wild  only,  but  in  sueh 
limited  quantilies  tliutin  order  to  supply  the  de¬ 
mand  they  had  to  bo  cultivated ;  tJio  same  with 
the  blackberry :  only  a  few  yearns  since  a  culliva- 
ted  blackberry  was  unknown,  all  were  I'onnd 
wild  in  the  woods  or  tields,  yet  as  the  demand  in¬ 
creased  the  supply  (lecrensod,  and  only  through 
a  course  of  experimental  cultivation  1  lie  Lawbin, 
Wilson,  Kittatiiiny  and  I  torchasler  were  discover¬ 
ed,  and  ient  foith  to  gratify  the  palates  of  .all 
lovers  of  tliese  tine  varieties :  br.t  the  huckle- 
beny  ba.-i  been  neglei-ted  to  such  an  extent  that  ^ 
it  Is  known  only  by  the  botanical  niimcs  of  its 
genus  and  several  species,  and  tl  erude,  cominon 
names  given  by  Uiu  inhabitant.s  of  the  country 
in  which  it  grows. 
On  looking  into  the  liistory  of  the  fniit,  wo 
find  that  it  grows  wild  in  many  countries  beside 
our  own.  It  is  fouiid  in  llio  moimluins  of  Scot¬ 
land  at  an  elevation  of  -l.OOd  fivit  abi  vo  tho  level 
of  tho  sen,  and  is  a  natiie  of  Northern  Eiirojie, 
hut  these  are  pf  kinds  Hjaaringly  found  in  this 
country,  if  at  all,  none  of  our  market  species  be¬ 
ing  known  in  F.nro))e. 
In  this  eonntry  they  arc  widely  diiltised  from 
Canada  to  ttie  mountains  of  Georgia  the  common 
name  among  tho  eoimlry  jicople.  and  in  them.ar- 
ket,  is  Imokloberry ;  but  some  fasudions  per¬ 
sons  think  this  is  vulgar,  and  a  corruption  of 
whortleberry,  uhieli  they  regard  as  tho  polite 
name— not  being  aware  that  tiii.s  is  itself  a 
OOiriiption  of  •‘Myrtkhorry,"  tho  name  by  which 
the  fruit  was  known  in  ICurojie  in  early  times, 
so  wo  have  inyrtleberry,  wiiortJebony,  hiirlle- 
herry  and  hnekleberry,  one  being  quite  as  correct 
as  the  other,  but  general  usage  has  hit  ujion  tho 
most  easily  spoken— hnekleheny.  The  , Saxons 
call  it  the  harlberry,  the  Oormans  hciele,  tr 
healbberry, 
Tho  twigs  and  bark  are  astringent,  and  have 
been  used  for  tanning.  'J’he  bark  is  sligbtlv 
stimulating.  Sph  its  of  .a  high  intoxicating  uatime 
have  been  made  from  the  fruit.  A  very  pleas¬ 
ant  drink  can  also  bo  made  from  it ;  and  1  once 
gave  some  of  the  juice  to  a  manufacturer  of 
medicated  wines,  to  Ic.st  and  compai’o  with  the 
blackberry,  aud  ho  informed  me  “thatJio  cem- 
sidored  it  far  superior  in  its  medicinal  (lualities.” 
Leaving  aside  the  general  and  spocifie  iieouliari- 
tios  of  this  good  and  useful  berry,  I  will  coniine 
this  article  to  our  own  State  in  order  to  condense 
and  mako  it  more  uistrnctivo  and  iutoresting. 
The  first  to  riixm  are  tliose  borne  by  bushes 
about  two  feet  high.  These  grow  oii  tho  higher 
and  diyer  portions  of  tho  laud,  and  some°8ay 
that  wlien  the  surface  is  rolling  the  fniit  attam's 
I  larger  size.  Those  are  a  small  sweet  blue 
g? - - - — .  _ 
berr^,  and  are  covered  witi  a  fine  bloom,  and  be¬ 
ing  hu'd  cony  well. 
'Hie  “  swiniiis,"  so  ealloi  from  their  glowing 
m  the  swamp  i^nds  ri-fcsrej  to,  ripen  next  in 
onler,  and  .arc  tn,  loi-ge.st  am  richest  of  all  v'lri- 
ctics.  Some  of  them  g.-ow  as  lai£e  as  the  common 
blaek-hoart  ebony,  are  .we^t.  ana  very  juicy, 
and  arc  also  covered  with  a  bloom  c(|uii  to  that 
which  covers  tho  Concord  grape.  They  axo.  very 
tender  in  their  riohneKs,  which_  causes  them  vi 
Ciirry  badly. 
The  next  in  order  of  ripening  is  the  common 
vuriety,  with  wliich  you  are  mostly  aesjuaiuted  ; 
it  i.s  medium  in  size ;  color,  light  blue ;  sweet ; 
without  bloom,  and  is  a  good  mai'keting  berry. 
Another  v,ari<ty  is  modinm  in  size ;  very  hard  ; 
black  and  glossy  and  is  known  by  tlie  name  of 
’’  (.rackor."  It  has  a  tartllavor,  and  full  of  seeds, 
which  crack  as  you  oat  them,  benco  tboir  iinme. 
They  are  not  jiopular  with  the  native  oonsumors, 
but  owing  to  their  solidity  tliey  are  sought  for 
by  the  shiiipers  of  this  fruit  to  .send  to  distant 
cities,  wh<;rc  they  do  not  have  the  pririlego  of 
selecting  other  ami  better  kinds. 
A  later  vtudoty  is  called  tho  “  Bill,"  or  “  Danglc- 
berry  ;  they  are  large  ;  of  a  briglit  blue  color, 
slightly  acid,  and  quite /nicy  ;  they  grow  on  Jong 
stems,  hence  their  iwuio  “  Bangle!" 
The  peculiar  fesfure  of  the  fruit  is,  tlmt  when 
picked  with  tliostc-ni.s  on,  they  keep  dry;  hiit 
when  separsted.  tho  juice  oozes  from  tho  berries, 
and  in  warm  weather  soon  soiirs  them. 
The  ktest  variety  is  called  "  Kliiny  Blacks,” 
m  acoennt  of  their  being  so  glossy.  They  are  « 
triile  tart,  but  largo  and  possess  a  good  llavo', 
aii.l  last  until  tho  frost  destroys  th#in. 
^Vhilo  I  liavo  called  your  attention  to  the  Itiid- 
ing  varieties,  and  tho  names  by  which  they  are 
known,  I  behove  tliat  many  otliers  miglt  bo 
found  by  a  close  observer. 
This  fruit  begins  to  iipeu  by  tlie  first  of  July, 
then  a  aucc.essiou  of  ripenings  take  iilacethe  en¬ 
tire  season  uni  il  killed  by  tho  frost. 
J  he  first  airivtil  of  hucklebeirios  in  flic  New 
k  ork  market  is  eagerly  sought  for,and  is  .  requent- 
ly  Sold  from  ijilO  to  )fl2  per  biisliel;  hit  as  the 
(juantity  iucrnuscs  the  price  gr.aduaJy  docliues 
until  it  roaches  .*4  per  bushel,  ’vhen  largo 
(linintitics  are  received  and  sold  ai  this  jirioe, 
and  were  it  not  for  tho  Intorfurc/ico  of  other 
fruits,  I  quesUou  if  tho  price  xvoiild  fall  below 
that  figure;  but  a  lai’ge  crop  of  poaches  sciious- 
ly  interferes  with  them,  as  well  as  all  other 
kinds  of  fruit. 
I’ormit  me  to  call  your  attention  to  otker  items 
of  iiitorest  eoimected  with  the  gatluiring  and 
sln]iping  of  tliis  fruit  before  it  enters  the  iiiniket 
fm-  consnmplioii.  As  the  fruit  grows  wUd,  all 
are  (recto  go  when  and  where  they  chmW  to 
gather  it ;  consequently  (hous.auds  of  iwrsoim, 
mostly  women  and  cbildien.  find  it  a  source  of 
much  pocuniary  benefit. 
Mr.  Baviii  Rogers,  of  Godar  Crook,  Ocean 
county,  NOW  Jor.sey,  a  veteran  carter,  to  whom  I 
am  itxUeblod  for  much  valuable  information,  iu- 
f./i  ms  iiio  that  ho  knew  of  a  fauiily  oi'  seven  jier- 
sons,  mostly  childi  en,  who  made  $26.00  per  day 
for  two  weeks  in  succession  by  picking  beiries, 
and  quite  a  uimdier  of  girl.H  to  make  is-6.00  per 
day ;  and  it  is  a  very  common  occurrence  for  a 
mother  with  her  family  of  from  live  to  six  chil¬ 
dren,  to  gatlier  from  throe  to  five  bushols  per 
day.  Of  cour.se,  tlio  receipt  of  each  was  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  their  market  x  able,  yet  m  tho  early 
iiart  of  the  season  they  frcipiently  sold  their 
beiries  at  from  $3.00  to  •$6.0()  per  bushel.  Now , 
xvhat  these  ],iecsons  did,  others  could  do  also  ■ 
and  it  shows  conclusively,  that  a  largo  amount 
of  money  is  yearly  earned  by  tliese  people  by 
picking  Uiis  fruit. 
Ill  an  interesting  letter  from  Mr.  Rogers,  ho 
.says ; — ••  If  you  xvish  to  sec  a  hajijiy  set  of  labor- 
er.s,  take  a  ride  with  a  carter  tlii'ough  his  disti'ict 
when  he  goes  to  galher  berries,  and  see  the 
group  of  smiUng,  happy  face.s,  that  crowd  armmd 
tlie  wagon  to  exchange  tlieir  berries  for  the 
money,  for  yon  must  understand  tliis  point— 
tbey  don  t  ti'ust.  True.  Uioy  look  hapjiy,  and 
are,  but  many  of  them  dress  in  unique  if  not 
beautiful  style,  but  tboir  dress  is  adapted  to  their 
work,  and  wlien  yon  see  these  young  women 
with  toi’U  dresses,  or  perhaps  with  a  pair  of 
paiit.s  on,  mode  of  strong  drilling,  you  xvould  not 
realize  that  they  xvere  the  sumo  beautiful  girls 
that  you  saw  on  Sunday  at  chmch,  dre.ssed  in 
tiio richest  of  silks,  as  closely  phined  back  as  any 
Bruadwav  belle ;  yet  they  are  tho  same,  and  they 
are  the  women  whose  jiiico  is  above  rubie.s. 
nmiiy  of  whom  now  adorn  tho  homes  of  men 
of  wo.altli  and  refinement." 
As  the  fiaiit  is  scattered  over  such  a  large  sur¬ 
face  of  country,  the  mode  of  gathering  aud  mar¬ 
keting  it  is  peculiar.  It  is  done  by  a  class  of 
persons  caOed  Carters.”  Prcrioius  to  the  ripen¬ 
ing  o(  tho  fruit,  these  men  jirovide  themselves 
witha  uimiber  of  boxes.xvhich  contain  eitlier  eight 
or  sixteen  quarts  each.  Tho  sixteen-quart  boxes 
are  made  wiUiout  lids,  but  have  a  narrow  strip 
across  the  top,  in  order  to  prevent  ouo  from 
di'opping  into  the  otlicrs  and  damaging  the 
fruit ;  at  tho  same  time  it  answ’ers  as  a  handle 
ly  packed  in  skeleton  cases,  xvith  lids,  each  case 
containing  cither  four  or  six  boxes.  When  the 
frnit  is  sokl  those  boxes  arc  returned  to  tbo  ship¬ 
per,  to  he  refilled. 
In  tho  beginning  of  this  shiiiping  business  they 
made  use  of  any  ordinarv  box  containing  from 
Ifi  quarts  to  one  oiid  a  half  bushels,  aud  occasion- 
all;  throe  bushels  would  bo  sent  in  one  package ; 
but  'bis  system  necessitatod  the  measuring  ot 
tho  fi'iit,  wliicb  in  time  created  dlstfatisf action 
a-siong  Jjo  shippers,  owing  to  tho  shrinkage  in 
the  meaiyo  reiiortod  n.s  sold,  from  the  rpiautity 
sent ;  gra^jully  the  present  System  was  intro- 
dneod,  aud  two  liinds  of  boxes  are  now  used 
by  all  tbo  lar^  sbippers  in  the  State. 
These  carhir  sokfct  a  jiortion  of  the  “  Bines.” 
wliich  they  call  «io  route  and  meet  tlie  picker* 
at  a  nnmod  point  aM  at  stated  honrs.and  buy  th^ir 
tniit.  Tho  jilan  isadopted  for  the  conveniuico 
of  both  parties,  and'.t  saves  time  and  fatigio  to 
each  !  yet  those  pickers  are  not  so  isolatsl  that 
they  cannot  or  <lo  not  lea*'"  the  price  paid  by 
tither  carters. 
When  the  carter  k.is  gone  his  -ound  and 
gathei'od  his  load  fi’uit.  lie  proo'-eda  with  it 
to  the  nearest  -tepot,  and  ships  it  to  market, 
whore  it  is  gevorally  sold  by  tho  box,  not  meas¬ 
ured,  as  th9*i  xvonid  injiu-e  it.  ' 
Ber.sonsJtocustnmed  to  go  into  the  woods  and 
pick  the<c  berries  for  Imnic  consumption,  cannot 
boar  tveat  tJiem  after  they  reach  the  cities,  on 
account  of  their  being  “mussed."  I  know  no 
more  appropriate  word  for  the  condition  they 
lire  ill,  for  they  arc  not  mashed.  I  do  not 
wonder  at  them ;  hut  when  we  consider  tho  jolt¬ 
ing  and  haiidUugs  they  receive,  yon  will  not  bo 
surprised.  Let  me,  at  the  close  of  this  ariiclo, 
call  your  attention  to  these  changes,  not  merely 
out  of  curiosity,  but  to  show  you  why  fruit 
should  be  Jiandled  more  carefully  by  transport.a- 
tioii  oonqianics  than  it  is.  First,  tho  pickers 
place  then  in  their  baskets  ;  then  theyaic  meas¬ 
ured,  turned  out  in  the  boxes  of  tho  purchasers, 
then  carted  around  over  roots  and  stumps,  untii 
all  are  loadc*l,  then  to  the  depot,  xvhero  tlioy  are 
placed  in  the  cars,  then  on  the  boat,  then  on  the 
dock,  then  on  the  carts,  taken  totlic  store,  where 
they  are  again  placed  on  the  wagons,  to  he  carted 
over  the*  stones  of  the  city,  niesc  arc  the  least  of 
tlie  handlings  tlicy  receive,  for  in  many  inatanecs 
they  arc  rc-ship])cd  to  other  cities,  to  undergo 
another  seiies  of  changes  of  like  character. 
In  conclusion,  iiermit  me  to  say  to  you,  geidle- 
meii,  fruit  growers  of  Now  Jersey,  tiiat  I  think 
it  will  add  largely  to  your  credit,  and  to  the 
hotior  of  tlio  State,  to  take  a  greater  iutorost  in 
this  fruit,  which  adds  so  largely  to  the  w  ealth  of 
the  sections  ill  whioh  it  grows  ;  and  R  this  pniier 
will  be  the  means  of  calling  yonr  attontion  to  il, 
I  shall  feel  myself  amply  repaid  for  my  efforts  in 
their  behalf. 
- — 
I  was  born  in  Wintonbnry,  and  in  Wintonbnry 
got  my  start  toward  manhood,  and  now,  when  I 
come  back  to  tho  old  home.stead,  after  many 
years,  it  seems  as  if  it  would  be  better  if  I  came 
to  Wintonbnry  instead  of  Bloomfield. 
But  the  iieoplo  liavo  changed  as  well  as  tho 
name,  and  jio*v  I  find,  withiu  a  radius  of  half  a 
mile,  in  a  population  of  nearly  two  hundred,  but 
two  who  lived  here  forty  years  ago.  JIany  have 
died ;  many  have  gomr  away.  Girls  have  fol¬ 
lowed  the  fortunes  of  liusbaiids  not  to  tho  man¬ 
or  bvm ;  and  hoys  h.avo  sought  fame  and  foilune 
in  other  lands.  Their  native  soil  offers  little  in¬ 
ducement  for  them  to  rcraam  ;  but  the  business 
■lirclcs  of  our  large  cities  and  the  rich  farming 
countries  of  tho  West  show  that  industry  and 
ciitfirprise  wero  not  wanting,  and  that  larger 
Helds  ga  vo  opportunities  not  to  be  found  at  homo 
which  were  not  neglected. 
Tlian  the  Gonnoctient  River  Valley,  of  which 
Bloomfield  forma  a  part,  none  lovlier  can  bo 
found.  j\iid  than  tliia  no  better  8])ecinien  of  a 
quiet  inlanil  farming  town  need  bo  looked  for 
A  few  houses,  amid  wliich  are  churches,  stores, 
shops  and  the  Rail  Road  Station,  constitute  the 
village,  whieli  occupies  nearly  the  geographical 
center  of  tho  township.  The  remainder  of  its 
population,  nnnihering  about  fifteen  Inmdted, 
are  scattered  over  its  whole  extent.  As  a  rule, 
all  are  fanners,  and  each  owns  and  cultivates  his 
own  farm,  which  !.■<  usually  comparatively  small, 
and  the  township  is  so  completely  in teiiticcd  with 
roads  as  to  suggest  to  !i  stranger  that  every  man 
has  It  is  oini  private  drive-way  to  mooting. 
I  propose  to  rur.alize  hero  a  few  weeks,  and  in 
leisure  moments  to  indite  epistles,  which  shall 
speak  of  men  and  things  as  I  find  thorn  in  this, 
to  me,  most  beautiful  section  of  beautiful  New 
England.  a.  r. 
Bloomfield,  Conn. 
- *■■*■■* - - 
MORE  PRAISE  OF  KANSAS. 
An  Eari.y  I’KAcn.' — From  a  tree  on  onr  grounds 
we  iiieked  a  ripe  peach  of  tho  Beatrice  variety 
on  the  12lh  of  July.  Can  any  one  heat  this  for 
earlincss  I'  Tho  peach  is  very  showv*  and 
delicious. — F.  K.  Bhienix,  Bloonringlon,  HI. 
Iroiiuli  l|f  ^lf|[u[)lir, 
IN  OLD  CONNECTICUT. 
to  the  box.  The  eight-quart  boxes  are  geiieral- 
DEAuRcii.ii.:  If  you  will  look  on  a  ni.ap  of 
Couneelicut  you  wUI  see,  midway  of  tho  Sttite, 
longitudinally,  and  but  a  little  below  its  north¬ 
ern  limit,  a  township,  denominated  “Bloom¬ 
field,”  but  why  tbiiH  nnmod,  it  passeth  the 
knowledge  of  m-an  to  tell. 
'Will  11  your  corrospoiidont  was  3’et  a  lad— on- 
doBvOi  ing,  ill  the  sehoolhouse  on  the  hill,  by  tho 
aid  of  masters  aud  niistrosses,  variously  as  the 
seasons  changed,  to  fathom  the  mysteries  of 
Web.^ler’s  Element.-uy  SjiclUng-Bouk— that  terri¬ 
tory  had  not  attained  tho  dignity  of  a  town,  but 
was  divided  between  and  foruieil  portions  of  tho 
towns  of  Windsor,  Farmington  and  Blinsbiuy. 
Separated  from  each  and  all  of  them  by  high 
hills  or  sandy  plains,  the  inhabitants  were  per¬ 
mitted.  for  church  govermuont.  schools,  etc.,  to 
act  by  and  for  theinHolvos,  and  wore  constituted 
a  parish,  to  give  name  to  which,  each  of  the 
towns  aforesaid  contributed  a  syllable,  which  m 
the  aggngate  made  Win-ton-bury,  a  name  with 
a  reason  fur  it,  wliich  there  is  not  for  tho  present 
one,  nor  i'or  those  of  half  of  the  places  in  tho 
State  for  that  matter. 
Tliere  arc  a  few  exceptions  near  at  hand, 
us  Tttrillvillo,  a  maniifactiuing  village,  estab¬ 
lished  when  a  protective  tariff  aided  Amer¬ 
ican  iudusti’y  in  Hiat  line.  Rainbow— from  a 
curve  iu  a  river.  Spoonvillo — whore  spoons  wore 
made,  aud  a  few  others.  But  here,  as  elsewhere, 
names,  copied  from  other  places  without  a  show 
of  reason,  or  given  in  hopes  of  porpotnating  the 
name  of  soiuo  man,  predominate.  They  may  be 
more  ctiplioucous  and  high  sounding,  bnt  a  name 
with  tl  reason  is  far  preferable,  though  it  bo  as 
outlandish  as  Burnt  Corn,  Bad  Ox,  Sorrel  Horse, 
or  Shoo  Heel,  all  of  which  designate*  post-offices 
in  the  United  States, 
Berhaps  I  say  too  much  about  the  name ;  bu^ 
Under  tbis  heading  are  some  very  pertinent 
facts  following  Mr.  B.  M.  House’s  remarks. 
In  addition  to  their  and  your  exposure  of  the 
ttiilers  who  ■*  sit  hi  tlie  shade,”  etc.,  allow  me  to 
suggest  that  “  tlio  broad  octcs-  spread  out  for 
man’s  benefit,  ninniug  to  waste,”  had  far  better 
remain  in  their  nntilltd  coiKlition,  at  least  threo- 
fonrtha  or  more  ought  to  bolicid  sacred  from  tho 
plow,  and,  instead  of  being  ruthlc.ssly  despoiJetl 
by  men  who  run  over  all  the  be.->t  land,  cropping 
year  after  j-ear  and  giving  no  return,  it  should 
bo  iu  the  posHc.ssiou  of  men  of  capital,  who 
would  keep  all  the  fine  grazing  portions  for  rais¬ 
ing  and  fattening  mutton  and  beef,  for  growing 
wool  ami  making  hutter,  too.  if  It  was  found  tbo 
in  ices  paid  equally  well  with  production  of  meat, 
and  horses  could  Ukewi.se  be  a  proportion  of  tho 
live  stock  raised. 
Here,  in  the  East,  the  former  virgin  soil  of  al 
tho  most  fertile  valleys  and  best  uplands  have 
been  “  subsoiled,”  and  so  ignorant  are  some  land 
owner.s  of  the  iiecossity  of  having  soil  full  of 
plant  food  aud  rich  aud  strong,  that  in  advertis¬ 
ing  their  farnis  they  sa.v,  as  a  recommendation, 
tho  new  land  has  been  subdited,  aud  then  in  an 
other  iiart  of  tlio  paper,  where  tlie  we.akeued 
soil  has  been  lauded,  there  will  bo  some  farmers 
bewailing  the  unsuitability  of  the  counti-y  for 
permanent  grass,  and  others  complaining  that 
some  rough  hillside  pasture  is  good  for  httle. 
Common  sense,  if  brought  to  bear  on  the  sub¬ 
ject,  will  explain  the  matter  thoroughly,  as  any 
one  can  know*,  by  inquiry,  that  all  the* fine  mead¬ 
ows  aud  rich  pastiues  iu  England  are  in  tho  best 
districts,  where,  under  no  cii'ciimstanccs,  no  cx- 
euHoa  or  misreproseutations.  can  tho  plow  bo 
brought  into  use  for  turning  tho  swtird  (sod) 
under— the  farms  are  most  valuable  which  have 
the  greatest  proportion  of  old  grass  land  on  them. 
The  arable  fields  on  a  large  I'anii,  where  there  is 
much  more  ijormanent  grtiss  in  comparison,  are 
ahvays  hi  a  fertile  state,  us  they  are  helped  by 
recoLring  more  manure  than  is  tlieir  due.  where¬ 
as,  to  he.^r  what  Americans  say  and  see  what 
Uiey  write,  one  would  auiipose  grass  laud,  per¬ 
petually  kept  iu  jiastm-u  or  for  mowing,  was  kept 
up  at  the  expense  of  the  plowed  portion  of  tlio 
farm. 
If  Kansas  land,  which  Mr.  B.  M.  House  de- 
ecriboH  as  running  to  waste,  was  held  by  men  of 
means,  who  would  raise  meat,  wool,  etc.,  on  tho 
uatm-al  grii.sses  which  fatten  the  buffalo  and  the 
deer,  and  tbe  “  hardy  yeomanry,"  doharred  from 
tilling  what  is  already  like  the  Wue  gi-ass  regions 
of  Kentucky  in  condition  to  make  meat,  etc., 
without  costly  cultivation,  it  w’ould  be  much  bet¬ 
ter  for  tlio  future  of  this  ruu-dowii  aud  iiupov- 
crishod  country. 
Hero,  in  Kansas,  arc  uinnon.s  o  acres  where 
tho  grass  is  wasted  for  w*aut  of  stock  to  eat  it, 
while  in  Eastern  States,  are  farmers  who  won’t 
believe  there  is  any  permanent  grass  in  the 
States  or  on  tho  oontiuout,  aud  who  represent 
that  tho  gra.ss  lauds  of  England  are  kept  up  and 
supported  by  tho  jilowed  portion  when  it  is  noto¬ 
rious  that  the  contrary  is  the  case,  and  I  hero 
distinctly  deny  that  pastimes  are  usually  or  gen¬ 
erally  luanimed,  or  that  plowed  laud  is  robbed 
for  them.  w.  f. 
DJ 
