MOORE’S  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
their  ideal  tlirough  (load  matter ;  our  artist  dooM 
tho  same  througii  living,  growing,  vital  fc^rniH. 
The  work  of  one  remaiiiB  tho  aame  througli 
centoi’ies  ;  that  of  tho  other  dovolops  now  beauty 
every  year. 
The  year  Imforo  Coi^rrMnuu  discovered  America, 
ho  walked  about  tho  Eseurial  gazing  upon  its 
beautiful  pictures.  In  tho  (sountry  of  his  dia- 
covcix  a  young  oak  was  then  lifting  up  its  fore¬ 
head  to  the  sun.  Tlie  pictures  are  now  tho  same 
that  they  were  or  have  grovnt  dim  by  ago,  while 
tho  young  oak  has  budded  and  gro(vu  year  by 
year  into  a  sturdy  tree,  under  whoso  wide  spread¬ 
ing  branches  my  children  shout  and  play  to 
thoir  heart'e  content.  Is  not  be  tho  highest 
artist  who  works  with  these  living,  growing, 
vital  materials  ? 
To  make  my  thoughts  more  clear,  I  will  tell 
you  how  I  would  educate  a  boy  for  landscape 
gardening  and  rural  architecture,  provided  I 
could  have  his  time  at  my  control,  between  the 
ages  of  lifteen  and  twenty-live.  Assuming  that 
at  fifteen  ho  has  enough  of  Latin  to  read  Virgil 
and  enough  of  (Iroek  to  read  Homer,  I  would 
l)liu3e  him  for  two  years  at  chemistry  in  our 
scientific  school,  connecting  with  it  the  modern 
languages.  At  tho  end  of  this  time  he  would  be 
able  to  analyze  any  soil  and  toll  its  constituent 
pans  as  accurately  as  tho  merchant  tells  the 
constituents  of  tho  cloth  ho  sells.  Knowing 
what  is  deficient  in  any  soil  ho  could  apply  the 
needed  fertilizing  elements.  The  preparation 
of  the  soil  is  tl)0  first  step  in  landscape  garden¬ 
ing.  Ills  third  and  foinih  year  should  he  occu¬ 
pied  by  the  general  coiu’se  in  tho  scientilic 
Bcliool,  where  he  would  obtain  a  good  knowledge 
of  Burveyijig,  of  architectural  drawing,  including 
linear  ixirspoctive,  of  botany,  mineralogy,  geol¬ 
ogy  and  civil-etigineeriug.  All  those  w’ouW  be  of 
great  aid  in  his  profession.  Botany  is  of  course 
essential.  Surveying  and  topographical  drawing 
are  equally  so. 
In  laying  out  a  place,  tho  first  thing  to  bo 
done  is  to  survey  it  and  mark  the  precise  position 
of  every  tree  upon  it.  Tho  next  thing  is  to  jire- 
paro  a  ma])  of  it,  and  after  careful  examination 
of  tho  ground  to  lay  out  tlio  roads  aud  paths. 
These  can  then  he  made  by  inferior  bands. 
Brains  must  also  bo  made,  and  there  are  many 
other  things  to  be  done  which  would  require  the 
knowledge  to  he  gained  only  in  a  course  of  civil- 
engineering.  For  tho  fifth  year  I  would  idaco 
liim  with  a  skill  lii!  architect,  whore  ho  could 
more  thoroughly  apply  the  instructions  he  had 
received  at  tho  sciontitic  seboob  'J’he  sixth  and 
seventh  years  should  bo  passed  in  some  nursery 
establishmont,  wdiero  the  variety  is  as  largo  as 
possible  and  whore  his  eye  would  be  tlioroughly 
educated  t*>  tho  pocuUaritics  of  each  tree  or 
shrub.  This  i>criod  should  be  mar  ked  by  close 
reading  and  study  on  vegetable  physiology, 
arboricultiu'o  and  kimh-ed  .subjects. 
The  winter  half  of  tho  ciglith  year  I  would 
send  him  to  the  Tropic.s,  to  the  shores  of  tho 
Amazon,  to  Urn  valley  of  Caraccas  and  to  the 
passes  of  tlie  I'Jordilleras  and  to  Conti'al  America, 
where  ho  can  see  nature  in  her  finest  combination 
of  grandeur  and  beauty.  No  ono  can  thoroughly 
appreciate  tho  capabilities  of  plants  uiiles.-j  lie 
has  seen  tho  wonderful  luxuriance  of  tropical 
vegetation.  No  sight  of  my  earlier  days  dwells  so 
vividly  in  my  memory,  as  that  of  some  of  these 
scones.  The  summer  half  of  the  eighth  year 
could  bo  usefully  oiMupicd  with  tlio  lectuvos  at 
Edinburg,  on  vegetable  physiologj'.  There  is 
hero  an  oxocUcut  botanic  garden,  and  the 
students  have  the  opportunity  of  study  from 
living  spiKiimens,  and  of  listening  to  lectures 
illustrated  by  numerous  diagram.s.  It  appeared 
to  mo  to  ho  as  thorough  a  course  in  vegetable 
physiology  as  could  bo  dosired. 
The  ninth  and  tenth  yoais  could  bo  profitably 
occupied  in  ti’avoling.  A  rapid  trip  to  India  and 
Persia  would  give  a  knowletlge  of  the  iieculiar, 
yet  beautiful  architeeturo  of  those  countries. 
A  winter  in  Italy  aud  Greece  would  be  cHseutial 
to  the  formation  of  correct  architoctiu'al  taste,  a 
few  mouths  would  bo  sufliciont  for  tho  rest  of 
Europe  aud  not  less  than  six  months  to  England. 
For  tho  hig)ic!?t  existing  dovolopmout  of  art  in 
tho  imitation  of  nature,  England  is  an  epitome 
of  the  whole  world,  and  a  landsoapo  gardeoier 
need  desii’e  for  thi.s  purpose  no  other  country. 
He  has  there  tho  finest  study  possible  luidcr 
overj'  beautiful  phase  which  the  combination  of 
taste  and  wealth  can  furnish.  Two  or  three 
Bummers  ooukl  be  very  profitably  spent  there  in 
studying  the  lincst  places. 
Our  student  however,  is  desirous  of  speedy 
practice  in  his  profession  and  cannot  spare  these 
tluee  smumers.  His  taste  however,  can  he 
further  cn]tivat(!d  by  devoting  his  seasons  of  re¬ 
creation  in  each  year,  to  traveling  in  the  most 
beautiful  luirts  of  our  own  country,  thus  making 
himself  familiar  with  nature  in  all  her  forms. 
Mt.  Desert,  the  Adirondacks,  tho  AUoghanies,  tho 
prairies  and  oak-openings  of  tiie  West,  each 
afford  a  different  and  attractive  study.  Now 
you  will  doubtless  say  that  few  men  are  able  to 
do  these  things ;  few  men  can  afford  to  sustain  a 
son  in  such  a  course  of  study  for  ten  years. 
Except  the  traveling  however,  it  is  no  more  ex-  * 
P  - 
pensive  nor  does  it  require  more  time  than  tho 
study  of  tho  law.  Ho  will  come  out  of  this 
traming,  a  thoroughly  wcU-skillod  man  in  all  the 
roiiuisites  of  his  profession,  and  if  wealthy 
gentlemen  who  own  costly  country  places,  could 
bo  made  to  appreciate  such  ability,  his  profession 
would  he  remtuicrative.  That  in  time  they  will 
80  appreciate  it  I  do  not  doubt,  hut  what  arc  tho 
facts  now  ?  Bo  you  not  think  that  such  ability 
ought  to  ensure  an  inc<.)mo  of  three  thonsand  a 
year,  or  ten  dollars  for  every  working  day  in  the 
year  ? 
Yet  the  fact  is,  that  nearly  all  those  wlio  are 
formuig  costly  country  places— men  who  do  not 
hesitate  to  give  a  thousand  dollars  for  a  house, 
or  two  thousand  for  a  shawl— tliiuk  that  such  a 
cliarge  would  bo  exorbitant,  for  merely  laying 
out  groimds  or  planting  trees,  and  would  bo  per¬ 
fectly  shocked  at  the  idea  of  paying  in  addition 
to  this  for  plans  which  cost  much  labor  of  com¬ 
petent  draftsmen. 
One  of  tho  most  enterprising  gentlemen  I 
know,  who,  by  an  unusual  comhination  of 
wealth  and  taste,  has  made  twelve  acres  of  land 
tho  most  beautiful  place  in  America,  tells  me 
that  it  is  often  comical  to  witness  tho  expression 
on  the  faces  of  wealthy  gentlemen  who  visit 
them,  when  ho  shows  them  his  new  trees  a  foot 
or  two  high,  costing  iK-.rha])S  twenty-five  dollars 
each.  They  look  at  tho  tr(?e,  then  at  him,  think 
him  extravagant  if  not  crazy,  and  then  go  to  the 
city  and  buy  a  piec<i  of  furniture  for  five  hmidied 
dollars,  that  would  be  as  truly  beautiful  and 
useful  at  fifty.  The  fact  is,  that  tlicso  men 
have  spent  their  best  years  as  merebants,  they 
bav(5  no  scales  wherewith  to  weigh  such  improve¬ 
ments,  and  they  can  neither  roallzo  nor  under¬ 
stand  their  value. 
An  appreciation  of  art  follows  wealth  however, 
and  I  do  not  doubt  tliat  any  who  has  courage  to 
undertake  such  a  course  of  training,  would  find 
tho  profession  of  a  landscape  gardener  remuner¬ 
ative.  But  while  pleading  for  an  artist,  1  do  not 
wish  to  forget  tho  thousands  who  cannot  afford 
to  employ  such  a  man,  but  who  must  lay  out 
their  gi’ound  thomsolvos,  aided  by  tho  intuitive 
taste  which  every  wife  or  daughter  has,  in  a 
greater  or  leas  degree.  For  those  1  will  endeavor 
to  throw  out  such  hints  as  may  be  useful. 
There  are  two  things  which  are  essential  in  all 
places,  plenty  of  air  around  the  house  and  entire 
seclusion  by  hiding  your  bouudaiios.  Therefore 
no  trees  should  bo  sufficiently  near  tho  house  to 
shade  it.  Tho  sun  is  a  groat  purifier,  do  not 
shut  it  out.  To  increase  the  ajiparent  size  of 
tho  grounds  and  to  insure  socduaioH-i^lJ  y(mr 
boundaries  should  bo  planted  with  evergi-oens. 
These  will  afford  a  dark  and  rich  back  ground 
'  against  •w’hicb  can  bo  embroidered  all  the  finest 
trees  and  shrubs.  If  tho  place  is  occupied  the 
whole  year,  a  largo  part  of  tho  planting  should 
be  overgroens,  if  only  for  tho  summer,  it  should 
be  mostly  deciduous.  When  wo  reflect  that  for 
at  least  half  the  yooi'  in  our  Northern  and 
Middle  States,  deciduous  ti’ees  are  without 
foliage  we  wlU  see  how  important  it  is  to  plant 
for  the  winter ;  to  select  trees  which  are  in  full 
beauty  at  that  season,  and  winch  will  give  tho 
fresh  greenness  of  summer  to  the  winter  land¬ 
scape,  This  it  is,  which  in  wintia'  constitutes  so 
great  a  charm  in  Enghsh  pleasure-grounds, 
where  the  eye  will  rest  on  the  glossy  greenness 
of  tho  Laiirol,  the  Kaluiia,  tho  llhododeudron, 
and  other  hardy  evergreen  plants. 
1  have  mentioned  two  desiderata  in  all  grounds, 
sun  and  ventilation  around  tho  dwelling.  A 
third  one  is  equally  essential,  plenty  of  open 
tmrf  space.  Do  not  plant  trees  or  shi  ubs  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  old  rule,  wiiiclj  was  to  throw  n  hand¬ 
ful  of  potatoes  in  tho  air  and  to  plant  a  tree 
wiiere  each  one  fell.  Plant  In  groups  andmasses, 
leaving  broad  expanses  of  clear  turf  over  which 
the  eye  can  pass,  catching  glimpses  of  cozy 
nooks  aud  arbors  aud  vistas.  I  am,  however, 
becoming  ratlier  discursive,  aud  will  reserve 
practical  details  for  another  article. 
FACTS  ABOUT  BEE  KEEPING. 
In  the  Ritral  of  Aug.  12  is  an  article  on  bees, 
from  tho  “  Industrial  Moter,”  that  coutains  state¬ 
ments  tending  to  deceive  people  wlio  have  had 
no  experience  in  beekeeping.  The  article  says  j 
“It  is  estimated  that  70,000  of  our  people  are 
engaged  in  apiarian  pursnits.’'  This  ‘  ‘  estimate  ’’ 
has  no  substantial  proofs  to  rest  upon and  was 
a  mere  “guess"  of  a  writer  in  one  of  our  bee 
paijers  about  a  year  ago.  I  think  that  15,000  is 
nearer  the  truth,  judging  from  a  long  experience 
in  bee  keeping  in  several  States.  “Some  of 
them,”  says  tho  Motor,  “  sold,  the  last  year,  from 
50,000  to  100,000  pounds  of  honey  eacli,  the  pro¬ 
duct  of  their  own  bees."  No  man  can  keep  in 
ono  place  over  80  to  100  families  of  bees ;  and 
estimating  the  average  quantity  of  honey  that 
each  would  annually  produce  at  22  lbs.,  tho  Mo¬ 
tor’s  figures,  it  would  require  4,500  families  of 
bees  to  produce  the  100,000  lbs.,  and  to  be  loca¬ 
ted  in  about  fi.fty  different  jilaccs,  not  within 
three  miles  of  each  other.  Nobody  has  any  such 
numlier  of  apiaries  ;  and  tho  above  ipiotations, 
and  the  assertion  tliat  kir.  IIaubiso.v  of  Cali¬ 
fornia  ha.s  a  net  income  from  bees  of  ^2.5, 000, 
arc  not  reliable.  Ikie  kcejiing,  however,  in  Cah- 
foniia  is  vastly  more  profitable  than  in  the  .At¬ 
lantic  States  ;  and  the  yield  of  honey  there  ought 
not  to  be  cited  as  proof  of  what  can  bo  done 
here. 
“The  wax  prodtictsl  is  estimated  at  20,000,000 
lbs.,"  says  the  Motor.  Now,  wax  is  only  made 
from  combs  in  hives  where  the  bees  die,  and  a 
hive  full  of  combs  wiU  not  generally  produce 
over  ono  pound  of  wax.  There  are,  according  to 
tho  Motor,  70,000  bee  keepers  in  the  United 
States,  averaging  28  hives  each,  (I  will  now  al¬ 
low  the  Motor’s  figm'os  to  show  tho  hnmbuggery 
of  its  article  from  its  own  words)  making 
000  hives  in  the  entire  counta-y;  aud  if  every 
family  of  bees  in  this  country,  even  taking  the 
extravagant  numbers  of  tho  Moter,  shoidd  die, 
and  their  combs  be  made  into  wax,  tliere  would 
be  only  1,000,000  lbs.,  while  tlie  Motor  says  the 
amount  is  20,000,000,  made  from  the  combs  of 
only  such  fiitnilioB  as  jicrish  during  tlie  year! 
Tliis  is  a  sample  of  the  nonsense  and  falsehoods 
that  ai-e  being  ejircad  over  the  land,  by  parties 
interested  In  selling  hives  aud  bees.  I  think 
that  100,000  families  of  bees  would  cover  all  that 
exist  in  Hie  United  States,  out  of  California. 
The  Motor  continues:  “Tlio  jirofits  realized 
by  keeping  liocs  averages  from  one  to  two  hun¬ 
dred  per  cent,  on  tho  capital  invested.  It  is  a 
husiuosB  anybody  can  carry  on.  Students  fre¬ 
quently  support  themselves  by  keeping  bees :  and 
poorly-paid  ministers  often  depend  more  on  Iheso 
little,  industrious  creatures  than  on  tlieir  parish- 
oners."  Yes.  the  jirofits  are  sometimes  one  or 
two  hundi-ed  per  cent ;  but  quite  as  often  tlie 
beginner  fails  to  got  any  profit  for  years,  or  loses 
a  part,  or  his  entire  stock  of  boos.  I  resided, 
some  years  ago,  near  Hamilton  College.  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y. ;  aud  a  student  brought  70  fainiUes  of 
bees  there  to  ••  sujiport  himself,”  and  at  the  end 
of  four  years,  all  his  hoes  had  died  but  five  or  six 
families.  A  student  or  a  clorgymaii  may,  in 
some  cases,  make  a  little  money  by  keeiiingboos ; 
but  I  tliiuk  more  lose  thoir  investments  than 
make  money  by  them.  As  a  fair  Ulustnition  of 
what  occurs  to  half  the  beginners  in  bee  keeping, 
I  win  state  a  ease.  'When  I  removed  from 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y,,  to  Now  Jersey,  I  gave  a  cler¬ 
gyman,  who  had  retired  from  active  diitj'  in  his 
church,  22  hives  of  bees  to  keep  on  shares,  and 
at  tho  eud  of  thi'oe  years  he  Jiad  only  four  fami¬ 
lies  loft,  and  in  one  of  tho  host  locaUtios  for 
bees  in  tho  State.  The  great  trouble  is  to  ucinler 
bees  successfully.  Bee-honscs,  cellars,  aud  all 
other  places  are  subject  to  losses  in  winter,  and 
no  kind  of  hive  or  managcinont  has  been  di«- 
coveied  that  euables  bee  kecepers  to  winter  their 
bees  safely  under  all  circumstances.  Mr.  Qotm- 
BY,  the  noted  ajiiarian,  lost  as  large  a  percentage 
of  his  bees,  before  his  death,  as  other  bee 
kecjiers ;  and  it  is,  perhaps,  safe  to  say  tliat 
one-half  of  all  tho  hoes  in  tho  Northern  States 
die  every  severe  cold  winter,  and  that  we  now 
hai'e  no  more  bees  in  tliis  country  than  wo  had 
ten  years  ago. 
Another  example  of  tho  false  statements  float¬ 
ing  about  in  the  papers  in  regard  to  bees,  is  the 
assertion  of  the  Moter  that  “a  machine  has 
been  constructed  that  turns  out  combs  matho 
matically  con-oct and  then  it  goes  on  to  talk  of 
“  the  great  gaining  of  time  to  the  bees  it  is  to 
furnish  with  ready-made  combs  superior  to 
those  made  by  the  bees!"  Now,  Mr.  Editor, 
what  can  wo  do  with  such  Ij'ing  writers  ?  Tho 
only  artifidal  combs  made  in  tlie  United  States 
are  simply  comb  /oundationn,  mid  are  only  used 
as  guides  for  tlio  bees  when  tlioy  commence  their 
combs.  They  have  no  cells — only  indentations 
on  each  side.  A  little  strip,  say  half  an  inch 
wide,  may  be  Boourod  in  honey  boxes  as  an  in¬ 
centive  to  the  bees  to  come  up  into  them,  and  to 
build  combs  for  surplus  honey ;  and  this  is  aU 
they  are  good  for.  The  fact  that  they  ai'e  made 
of  pure  wax,  disqualifies  such  foundations  from 
being  used,  except  in  very  small  sti’ips  as  guides, 
because  no  ono  would  like  to  eat  pure  hees-wax 
in  his  comb-honey,  which  natm'ally  is  a  very  dif¬ 
ferent  thing  from  manufactured  wax. 
There  is  a  bright  aud  a  dark  side  to  bee  keej>- 
ing.  A  great  deal  depends  on  the  loeahty. 
Whore  white  clover  does  not  exist  oxtonsively, 
bee  keeping  would  bo  a  hazardous  business ;  and 
even  in  tho  best  localities  it  is  not  a  business 
that  any  jierson  can  depend  on  to  make  a  living. 
Ono  may  succeed,  knd  he  may  not.  He  may 
prosper  for  some  yoai-s,  obtain  a  large  number 
of  families  of  bees,  aud  a  very  severe  winter 
may  destroy  nearly  all  of  them.  Even  warmly- 
built  winter  boo-huoses  are  not  safe  in  very  cold 
winters. 
Now,  suppose  that  we,  in  imagination,  call  on 
100  men  who  have  been,  or  now  are  keeping  bees 
in  movable  comb  hives  in  a  good  locality  for  bees 
—men  who  keep  from  five  to  fifty  famihos— we 
find  that  ten  of  them  have  lost  all  their  bees,  and 
have  given  up  the  business  in  disgust  Twenty 
have  fewer  families  now  than  they  had  five  years 
ago.  Thirty  “hold  thoir  own”  from  year  to 
year,  the  increase  of  each  season  about  equaling 
tlieir  winter  loBse.s,  and  the  balance  have  increased 
their  8tock.s  somewhat.  “What  is  tho  cause  of 
your  losses?”  “0.  sir,  our  cold  winters.” 
“  Have  you  made  money  by  bee  keeping  ?" 
“Some  seasons  we  make  a  little,  and  in  other 
seasons  nothing.  Mi'. - aud  Mr. - are  very 
successful.  They  bad  about  a  thousand  jiomids 
each  of  cup  honey  last  season,  each  havirig  about 
60  families." 
Wo  will  now  call  on  Mr. - ,  who  has  600  fam¬ 
ilies.  “  How  many  differently  located  apiaries 
have  you,  sir  ?"  “  I  have  eight — keep  a  man  to 
attend  to  each  in  swarming  time."  “Bo  your 
bees  iucrea.so  much?"  “I  get  a  good  many 
swaniis  some  seasons,  but  I  don’t  increase  my 
stock,  taking  out  winter  losses.  In  fact,  to  tell 
tho  truth.  I  had  moto  bees  five  years  ago  than  I 
have  now."  “  Wiat  are  your  annual  net  profits 
on  yonr  GOO  hives  ?"  “  Year  before  last  I  cleared 
about  ^1,000;  last  year  was  a  jioor  season  for 
bees,  and  I  just  came  out  “  whole  tliis  year  1 
shall  probably  clear  five  or  six  hundred  dollars. 
Bee  keeping,  sir,  is  not  the  fortune-making  busi¬ 
ness  that  wo  read  it  is  in  tho  jiajiers.’’ 
Probably  a  triji  among  the  bee  keepers  would 
result  somewhat  as  I  represent  the  case  above. 
Linden,  N.  J.  T.  15.  Mineh. 
- ♦  ♦  ♦ - 
An  apiarian  of  Maryland  has  secured  a  beauti- 
fuRy- marked  breed  of  bees  wliicli  he  names  the 
Albino.  The  markings  ore  these: — Beantifnl 
yellow  bands  ;  from  the  hands  to  the  end  of  the 
bee  is  (piite  white,  or  a  bright  silver  color ;  head.s 
dark  velvet  color,  differing  from  tho  Italian. 
Iiisaraiicc  gcjpm'tmciit. 
INSURANCE  NOTES  AND  NEWS. 
Exchniifjing  Tumrance  Policu  i). — At  least  one- 
third  of  all  tho  life  insurance  companies  in  ex¬ 
istence  live  years  ago  have  since  abandoned  the 
business.  Most  of  them  made  sonic  sort  of  ar¬ 
rangement  to  ro-insuro  thoir  risks.  The  remain¬ 
der  arc  winding  up  in  various  degrees  of  insol¬ 
vency.  Tho  failure  of  those  coiniianies  caused 
a  great  deal  of  irreparable  loss  to  thoir  policy 
holders.  Many  of  the  insiired  were  in  bad 
health  and  could  not  bo  again  insured  with 
other  eonijianies.  The  Bame  thing  may  occur 
again  whenovec  tho  biiaiuoss  of  a  ooiujiany  ceas¬ 
es  to  bo  jirofitablo.  Such  is  and  has  been  tho 
case  for  years  with  several  of  them.  'They 
would  close  out  their  business  at  any  time  if  rq)- 
jiortunity  offered  or  could  he  created.  AVIien 
they  do  so  a  rcjiotitiou  of  tho  old  evils  may  be 
[  expected  unless  some  preventive  measures  are 
taken.  The  greatest  injustice  is  souictimes  prac 
ticed  in  exchanging  policies  from  one  company 
to  another.  Every  policy  has  a  certain  value. 
Tho  laws  jirescribe  tho  amount  of  this  value 
aud  the  company  is  roquired  to  have  an  equiva¬ 
lent  sura  to  tho  credit  of  each  policy.  This  val¬ 
ue  usually  inci’cases  rajiidly  year  by  year,  conse¬ 
quently  those  which  have  been  longest  in  force 
are  most  valuable.  When  a  policy  lapses  the 
conijiany  gains  and  apiirojiriatoa  tho  sum  to  its 
credit.  The  same  thing  occurs  whenever  it  is 
voliiutai'ily  snrroudored,  as  in  tho  cases  where 
they  are  exchanged  from  company  to  company. 
The  profit  to  tho  companies  and  loss  to  the  pol¬ 
icy  holders  is  made  by  giving  a  new  policy  hav¬ 
ing  httJe  or  no  value  in  exchange  for  an  old  and 
valuable  jJoUcy.  Millions  of  money  have  been 
made  in  this  way.  Companies  that  are  doing  a 
profitless,  if  not  aotually  a  losing  hnsiness,  are 
preparing  to  re-iusui*e  for  the  sake  of  the  illicit 
gains  to  he  made,  The  only  way  to  forestall 
this  kind  of  outorpriso  and  to  protect  one’s  self 
from  something  closely  allied  to  robheiy,  is  to 
refuse  peremptorily  to  exchange  either  company 
or  policy.  There  can  ho  no  conijiulsiou  in  this 
matter.  One  or  other  of  tho  companies  must 
cany  the  risk,  and  if  all  tlie  risks  of  the  retiring 
company  are  assumed  and  guaranteed  notliiug  is 
gained  by  exchanging,  though  »  great  deal  may 
be  lost.  There  is  always  a  deposit  of  a  hundred 
thousand  dollars  with  the  State  authorities  that 
cannot  be  withdrawn  while  there  is  one  policy  in 
force.  This  is  the  best  of  security  and  becomes 
greater  in  jirojjorlion  as  other  people's  iiolicies 
are  exchanged.  'Therefore,  hold  on  to  your  pol¬ 
icy.  Pay  the  premiums  promptly  before  they 
are  due.  Pay  by  draft  or  jiostal  order  so  as  to 
have  something  to  show  that  you  have  done  your 
duty.  You  kiww  nothing  about  the  value  of 
youi'  policy,  nor  that  of  the  one  offered  in  ex¬ 
change,  therefore  don’t  swap.  If  you  ai'o 
strongly  tempted  by  the  apparent  desirableness 
of  the  offer  write  tho  kind  of  jiolicy  you  have, 
the  number  of  tlionsauds  insured,  the  annual 
premium  paid,  the  notes,  if  any,  given,  the  age 
at  which  it  was  taken  and  the  present  age,  also 
as  nearly  as  you  can  the  kind  of  policy  offered 
you  and  send  it  to  the  Rokai..  In  reply  you  will 
receive  the  advice  of  one  skilled  iu  these  things, 
honestly  given,  and  wholly  wilhoul  charge. 
