SEPT.  2 
MOORE’S  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
MAUD  MULLER. 
(A  Travestle.)  After  Whittler-a  long  dis¬ 
tance. 
JiY  DBOWNE. 
^I\un  Mui.lek  on  a  hrlifht  Afay'  day. 
Was  plantintf  pc.aa  in  Jersey  clay. 
Beside  her  8t')nd  the  nnetuonx  Jujr, 
The  stinbttanis  slioiio  upon  her  iiiunr, 
TIU  liawued  uihjii  a«  sweet  a  snillo 
Ab  eVr  lurked  'uenlli  a  dollar  tile. 
Tims  workiin?  uti  without  a  si^jh 
She  saw  a  tnnlcnian  drawing  iiiKh ; 
’Twas  WrImuB,  a  Justice  of  the  I'oaoo, 
Coiijinir  (<1  buy  u  flock  of  geese. 
Hu.  seeing  Maud,  did  8<»n  coiumcnco 
To  f  lo  his  iuuleflr«])  to  the  fence. 
Bcatitlrrl  lie  etooil  lo  gaze. 
Then  a«ked  her  tor  a  drink,  liekaso 
Hi-'d  eaten  codfleh  bulla  that  morn. 
Maud  didn’t  look  on  him  with  scorn. 
But  handed  him  the  milk,  the  same 
Soon  floated  to  the  Judge’s  wanio. 
And  then  that  .1  iistice  of  the  I’eaco 
Askeil  If  her  father 'd  sell  some  geese. 
She  Maid  her  pa  shii  knew  would  sell 
The  broinl  of  the  hose  gcsiso,  Floribell. 
'T was  getting  near  the  dim  twilight. 
So  Urlmea  was  asked  to  stay  all  night. 
That  night  they  acted  much  like  pards, 
Drinking  older  and  playing  cards. 
Till  old  (IrlmcH,  feeling  loud  and  gay, 
Said  in  a  rather  feeling  wayr 
“  Mulhu:,  old  boss,  now  I'll  be  blowed 
If  1  wouldn't  like  b)  marry  .Mowd.” 
Muller  Uiin  by  the  collar  caught. 
And  poiindeil  well  his  dome  of  thought, 
lie  graaped  him  liy  the  pants  and  blouse, 
Aud  bounend  lihu  head-tirst  from  tbo  house. 
Maud  wept  that  night  till  lialf-pa.st  ten, 
Aud  u(!rer  aiw  tho  J  ildge  again. 
She  wed  with  one  uuskiUeil  In  tore. 
And  children  play  around  the  door. 
And  DOW  she  Bays  with  teur-dbinnod  lids : 
“  Thtwe  miglit  liavo  br.ui  tho  JiKlge’s  kids.” 
No  matter  unto  whom  allied, 
IVomaa  is  suldom  sutiMiled, 
For  looking  back  hi  some  *weet  scene. 
She  sadly  sighs,  ”  It  might  have  been. 
Or  else  sbo  loud  and  long  will  buzz; 
“  By'  Oosh,  it  hadn’t  ought  to  was.” 
- ♦♦♦ 
THE  KULEB  OF  OROQUET. 
EvBUT  one  who  plays  croi|uot,  knows  the  dl.m- 
groeabla  ro.salts  of  tho  dlvorslty  in  rules  and 
method  of  phay  among  dirrenmt  playors.  Tho 
books  wlilch  have  been  written  on  tho  subject 
are  atso  .at  varlaiiee  and  as  there  Is  nothliiij  but 
the  author’s  or  publlshiM-'s  name  to  give  authority 
to  either  book  about  the  Rrnme.  the  partisan  of 
either  side  of  any  disputed  question  can  readily 
Ilnd  printed  supiiort  for  lil^  viesvs.  What  is  need¬ 
ed,  Is  a  set  of  rules  which  shall  have  some  poal- 
tlvo  authority,  or  shall  ropresont  the  oomblnod 
wisdom  of  some  coar^hler.ible  body  of  experts  In 
the  game,  and  not  merely  the  opinions  of  any  one 
person.  A  reasonably  complete  and  sensible  code 
h.ivlng8UcU  sanction  ought  to  be  generally  adopt¬ 
ed,  for  tho  sake  of  harmony. 
The  BuxUsU  croiiuet  club.s  hold  a  oonferenoo  In 
January',  tsTO,  at  which  a  code  of  laws  wo-s  adopt¬ 
ed  which  are  characterized  by  simplicity,  good 
sense  and  straightforwardness.  Tho  rules  have 
since  been  revised  by  the  vote.s  of  the  clubs  repre¬ 
sented  In  the  confercnco,  and  seem  worthy  of  uni¬ 
versal  adoption.  We  have  been  guhhid  by  them 
for  three  setisons  and  like  I  bcin  better  and  better. 
The  principal  points  are  as  follows: 
1.  No  “Boour."— Rule  4.— The  striker’s  ball, 
when  placed  on  the  starting-spot  aud  struck,  Is  at 
once  in  play  and  can  roquet  another  ball  or  bo 
roqueted  whether  It  has  made  tho  first  hoop  or 
not.” 
2.  'ritB  Tpun.—o  A  player,  when  his  turn  comes, 
may  roquet  each  ball  once,  and  may  do  this  again 
after  each  point  made.” 
.1.  No  Tiout  C’koqdet.— “In  taking  croquet  the 
striker  Is  not  allowed  to  place  his  foot  on  the 
ball.”  There  ha.s  been  a  gradual  abandonment  Of 
the  “tight”  or  “foot”  croquet,  and  a  growing 
opinion  that  the  “loose”  or  ••ruquet-croijiiet”  1.h 
fairer  and  more  sclentltlc.  At  first,  the  foot  was 
oDUaed  to  be  on  the  b.all.  Then,  In  the  treatises 
of  Mayne  Retd  and  the  Newport  Club,  the  loose 
croquet  was  allowed  lo  the  rover  only.  Afterward 
(Bradley’s  rules)  tbo  method  was  optional.  Now, 
we  have  the  selontlllc  stroke  a.s  the  only  one  ad¬ 
missible.  All  the  rules  about  the  Illucb  and  the 
rover  are  now  unnece.ssary. 
4.  CROqUKT  l.MPKK.*TIVK  AKTEH  llOqUET.  — “A 
lilayer  who  roquets  a  ball  must  lake  croquet,  and 
In  HO  doing  must  move  both  lialLs.”  TliLs  sets  at 
restall  (luestlon  about  “declining.” 
6.  Bau.  IN’  Hash  after  Uoqcet.— When  a  ball 
strikes  another  It  Instantly  becomes  “lu  band,” 
and  must  be  taken  up  and  placed  beside  the  ro¬ 
queted  ball  lu  order  to  take  croquet.  “  No  point 
or  roquet  can  be  made  by  a  b  ill  In  hand.”  For 
example.  If  rhe  red  bull,  In  commencing  its  turn, 
bits  the  blue  and  rolls  on  tbrough  a  wicket,  the 
vvlcket  Is  not  made,  because  the  ball  was  in  hand 
from  the  mometi*.  it  struck  tho  blue.  Again,  if 
the  red  should  by  tho  sumo  blow  hit  first  tho  blue 
and  then  the  yellow,  ho  could  croquet  only  the 
blue,  but  would  have  tho  privilege  of  striking  .at 
the  yellow  aflcrward  and  croquotlnr  It  if  hit. 
You  may  therefore  stop  a  ball  which  hiis  roquet¬ 
ed  another  without  the  rl.sk  of  its  owner  saying, 
“If  you  had  not  slopped  my  ball  It  would  have 
made  the  wicket.” 
6.  Wuoxo  Playiuo.— When  a  bull  Is  played  out 
or  turn,  or  the  ivrong  ball  used,  or  a  foul  stroke 
made,  the  general  jirlnclple  Is  that  the  jiolnts  so 
I 
made  are  lost,  and  the  remainder  of  the  turn  Is 
forfeited  and  the  adversary  may  elect  whether 
tho  halls  shall  bo  replaced  or  remain  where  they 
lie.  But,  If  the  adversary  plays  on  wU.hout  claim¬ 
ing  the  penalty,  the  false  play  holds  good.  Spe- 
clHc  rules  are  given  tor  tho  various  cases  under 
this  rule. 
There  are  a  number  of  little  special  rules  In  the 
game  as  usually  played,  which  destroy  the  sym¬ 
metry  of  tho  game.  It  Is  a  mislakcu  Idea  that 
complication  of  ruhw  makes  It  “more  interest¬ 
ing.”  Tills  Is  shown  by  tho  fato  of  all  such  con¬ 
trivances  as  the  crossed  hoops  in  the  center,  little 
bells  on  tho  wickets,  eto.  No  croquet  player  who 
understands  the  giuno  thoroughly  and  can  play 
the  “spllt-shot,"  the  “follow,”  and  the  “hold¬ 
back,”  needs  any  such  aids  to  give  Interest  to  the 
game.  The  following  are  some  of  tho  usages  re¬ 
ferred  tj)  which  are  omitted  from  the  English 
code;— l.  Taking  "two  shoto”  or  a  “mallet’s 
length"  as  a  rewaid  for  running  twowlekctsat 
the  same  blow.  The  t  wo  wickets  are,  like  virtue, 
their  own  reward.  !i.  "Spotting”  a  ball  which 
ha.s struck  tho  turning  stake.  It  should  play  from 
where  It  lies  like  any  other  ball.  8.  The  Idea  that 
X  ball  must  move  six  Inches  to  constitute  a  stroke. 
Who  can  measure  tho  distance  traversed  by  a  roll¬ 
ing  ball  7  I  f  It  is  moved  at  all,  It  l.s  a  stroke. 
Finally.  If  you  play  by  these  rules  or  by  any 
other,  remember  to  bo  strict  In  matters  of  law ; 
but  always  rlefer  to  the  observatlrui  of  others  In 
matters  of  fact.— Aer/buer’s. 
REFINEMENT. 
Kefinemknt  Is  not  fastidiousness.  It  Is  not 
luxury.  It  Is  nolhlng  of  this  kind.  It  Is  far  re¬ 
moved  from  excess  or  wasto.  A  person  truly  rc- 
riued  will  not  squander  or  needlessly  consume 
anything.  llehnement,  on  tbo  contrary.  Is  always 
allied  to  simplicity  and  a  Judicious  and  tasteful 
employ  meat  of  Um  means  of  good  aud  happiness 
which  It  has  at  commaiuL  It  seeks  to  divest  It¬ 
self  of  superfluitlos  and  aspires  continually  to  tho 
utmost  possible  purity.  Rellnemeut  leads  to  per¬ 
sonal  cleanliness  aud  elegant  neatness,  good  taste 
and  simplicity  In  dress.  All  “  loudnoss”  or  "  flash- 
Innss”  Is  repugnant  to  Its  spirit,  Jn  lla  home  and 
sun'oundlngs— whether  palatial,  allluentor  hum¬ 
ble— the  same  ehasteue«3  and  natural  grace  are 
maintained.  Tho  aboili!  of  genuine  rufliicmont 
aud  a  more  pretender  to  It,  are  very  dlUerent.  I n 
tho  former  you  will  llnd  no  e.xceHS,  gaucllness,  or 
fauso  giltterlug :  but  the  latter  abounds  in  it.  lu 
personal  manner,  reUnoraent  Is  most  eouaplcuous. 
A  man  of  reOneraent  la  always  polite  without 
nourish,  gentle  without  effeminacy,  and  consider¬ 
ate  without  stUTnes-s.  Display  and  ceremony  are 
not  identical  with  rotlnomont  and  are  poor  snb- 
btitutos  for  It.  'I'hcre  is,  of  eoursis  uo  rellnement 
like  that  of  tho  heart,  which  ImpeLslts  possossor 
to  show  on  all  occasions  a  thoughtful  and  kindly 
regard  for  tho  feelings  of  othora.  No  adherence 
to  etnuelt.e  can  compare  with  It  lor  Au  8pouti?r 
neous  observatlcm  of  true  aiul  gratifying  polite¬ 
ness. 
-  - 
A  WARNINfi  TO  BACHELORS. 
BorruEnuRY  will  never  dive  Into  a  creek  to  save 
another  woman  from  drowning.  lie  saw  a  red- 
haired  girl  named  Sparks  tumblo  In  tho  other  day 
oil  a  boat  and  he  lustantly  plunged  in  after  her, 
caught  her  by  her  dress  ami  swam  to  the  shore 
wltli  her.  .'IS  soon  as  they  were  on  dry  land  .Miss 
Sparks  gave  a  hysterical  scroani,  flung  her  arms 
around  BotUebury’.s  neck  and  fainted.  Just  then 
tho  father  came  up  with  tho  re.st  of  tho  family 
and,  perceiving  tho  situation,  he  dashed  up  to 
Bottlobury,  grasped  his  hand  and  said,  “Take 
her,  my  boy;  take  her  I  It  Is  hard  to  give  her  up 
—It  wrenches  her  old  father's  heart ;  but  she  is 
youi-B.  Blessyou,  rny  children- blessyoui”  Then 
.Mrs.  Hparks  cried  and  said  she  hoped  Harriet 
would  be  happy.  The  Utile  Sparks  manifested 
their  emotion  hy  climbing  up  Bottlebury’s  legs 
and  pulling  his  coat  tails.  Then  Harriot  came  to, 
and  laying  her  head  on  his  shoulder,  whispered, 
“  Kiss  me,  darling !”  Bottleburi',  ainaved  and  In¬ 
dignant,  tore  himself  away  aud  flew.  He  w.as  ar¬ 
rested  that  aftornoon  on  charge  of  breach  of  prorn- 
Lse,  and  on  the  trial  the  Jury  gave  the  broken¬ 
hearted  .MLss  Sparks  $2uo  damages.  Bottlobury 
ha.s  Intimated  to  his  confidential  frlcmJs  that  If 
any  other  warm-haired  woman  Intends  to  fall 
overboard  near  lilin,  she  will  llnd  It  to  her  advan¬ 
tage  to  learn  to  swim. 
- - — ♦♦♦ - 
BOOKS  FOR  A  HOME. 
Books  are  not  made  for  furniture,  hut  there  la 
nolhlng  else  that  so  beautitully  furnishes  a  house. 
The  plainest  row  of  hooks  Is  more  slgultlcant  of 
refinement  than  the  moat  elahoratoly  carved  side¬ 
board.  Cilve  us  a  homo  furnished  with  books 
rather  than  furniture.  Botli,  It  you  can ;  but 
books  at  any  rale.  To  spend  several  days  .11  a 
friend's  hoiwo  aud  hunger  for  something  to  read, 
while  you  are  treading  on  costly  carpets  aud  sit¬ 
ting  on  luxurloiLS  chairs  and  sleeping  upon  down. 
Is  a.slf  one  were  bribing  yoiu*  body  for  the  sake  of 
cheating  your  mind.  Books  mo  Iho  windows 
through  which  the  soul  looks  oul,.  A  house  with¬ 
out  thorn  is  like  a  room  without  windows.  No 
man  h.i3  a  light  to  bring  up  his  chlldreu  without 
surrounding  tliom  with  books,  it  ho  has  tho  means 
to  buy  them.  It  Is  a  wrong  to  his  family,  chil¬ 
dren  Icam  CO  read  Ihrough  being  In  t.he  presence 
of  books.  Tho  love  of  knowledge  comes  with 
reading  and  grows  upon  It.  And  the  love  of 
knowledge  lu  a  young  mind  Is  almost  a  warrant 
agalust  tho  lufcrlor  e.xcltoments  of  passion  and 
vlec. 
,Jic;iijiitg  for  tk  |oini(i, 
MANAGING  A  MULE, 
Yon,  NebiiPhudnczzali,  whoa  Bah  ! 
Whar  Ih  you  trylu’  to  kO,  rah  ? 
I’d  hab  you  for  to  know,  nah, 
/'*  a  holdln'  oh  do  Hues. 
You  better  uttip  dat  pranoin’ ; 
You’d  pow’ful  loud  Ob  dancin’. 
But  I’ll  bet  my  yeah 'a  advancin’ 
Dat  I’ll  cure  you  oh  your  BbincM, 
Book  heah,  mule  I  Better  min’  out— 
Fus’  t’ini?  you  kuow.  you’ll  tin’  out 
How  iiuick  I'll  wear  dtn  line  out 
On  your  Uifly.  Btuhbo’n  back. 
Yon  needn’t  try  to  .ileal  up 
An’  Ilf’  dat  precious  heel  up ; 
You’s  (rot  to  plow  tills  fleP  up, 
You  has,  sab,  for  a  fac’. 
Dar,  tint's  do  way  to  do  It ! 
He’s  coinin’  rlKbt  down  to  It ; 
Jes’  watch  him  plowin’  t’roo  it ; 
Dls  niKKor  ain’t  no  fool. 
Home  folks  dey  would  'a'  beat  him ; 
Now,  dat  would  only  heat  him— 
1  kuow  ’Jos’  how  to  treat  him ; 
You  mua’  raison  wld  a  mule. 
Ho  minds  mo  like  a  tuKirur. 
If  ho  waB  only  blgRor 
He’d  fotch  a  uilKbty  IhfKor. 
Ho  would,  I  tfU  you !  Yes  sah  ! 
.See  how  ho  keeps  a  cUckin’ 
He's  as  Koulle  ui  a  cliinken, 
An’  neber  thinks  o’  klcku'— 
WluM  dah!  Nebnchiulnezznh. 
Is  dls  hoah  me,  or  not  me  ? 
Or  is  de  dvbbll  (rot  me  ? 
Was  dat  a  caiuiuu  shot  me  ? 
Hall  I  laid  heah  morc'n  a  week  ? 
Dat  mule  do  kick  amazin'- 
De  beast  was  spil'd  in  raisin’— 
By  now  I  'spect  he’s  Krazin’ 
On  de  odor  side  de  crook. 
[Irioln  liussell. 
- - - 
A  WORD  TO  THE  GIRLS. 
“  I’u-  toll  you  how,  CI.AIIA  :  don’t  say  anything 
to  your  mother  about  it  If  she  l.s  so  particular,  hut 
just  tell  her  you  are  going  to  call  on  me— that 
won’t  bo  telling  a  lie,  you  know.  Wo  can  go  over 
from  our  house,  and  she’ll  never  know  the  dllTer- 
cnce.” 
In  spite  of  haste  I  turned  to  take  a  second  look 
at  tho  dainty,  girlish  forms  tlius  plotting  to  enjoy 
forbidden  pleasure.  They  were  young— not  more 
than  seventoen,  It  that— and  there  was  something 
In  tho  ta,sty  arrangement  of  Clara’s  toilet  that  In¬ 
dicated  a  mother’s  watohful  earo.  The  siieakir 
w;ls  more  richly  dressed,  but  there  was  a  wrinkled, 
^ogleeted  look  In  her  whole  attlro  that  plainly 
<iti.mve!l  the  ab.sr.ncti  Of  a  mother’s  refinlcg  t-ml. 
When  I  saw  tho  restless,  undecldod  look  on 
Clara’s  face  It  was  with  dlflleulty  I  restrained 
myself  from  speaking.  I  wish  now  Miat  l  had 
said  to  her  Just,  what  I  say  to  all  girls  who  iiro 
temptod  In  llko  manner.  Don't!  Do  not,  under 
any  circumstances,  or  at  any  l  ime,  do  that  which 
will  cause  you  to  shrink  from  telling  mother.  But 
above  all  things,  do  not  stoop  to  meanness  or  de¬ 
ception. 
Now,  my  dear  girl-friends,  think  of  mo  as  one 
among  you.  I  am  not  such  uu  ancient  girl  os 
some  of  you  Imagine -not  old  enough  to  keep  out 
of  mischief  that  a  watchful  mother  would  have 
prevented.  I  have  to  learn  by  bitter  experience. 
They  say  that  B.X|ierleuce  is  a  superior  teacher. 
I  do  not  doubt  It,  still  ,1  would  rather  go  to  scliool 
where  I  know  punishment  was  certain  every  day 
In  the  week  than  loslt  dreading  It  all  tho  time 
and  ordy  get  It  once  a  fortnight. 
Experience  often  hardens  M)0  nature— develops 
tho  cold,  harsh,  sarcastic  qiiallUes  which  should 
be  kept  burled  till  we  are  old  enough  lo  know 
when  and  where  to  u-so  them.  Mother  Is  the 
queen  of  home,  and  all  of  yon  who  are  so  bleK.sed 
should  bo  proud,  willing  subjecto.  As  I  write  my 
g.aw  Is  Involuntarily  dlrocU'd  t«  the  wall.  Yes, 
Uw  eyes  are  watching  me— they  follow  my  every 
motion,  whether  near  or  distant  In  tho  room.  It 
la  only  a  shadowy  face  and  form  prisoned  In  Its 
frame,  yet  I  would  risk  my  life  to  save  It  from 
harm.  It  Is  all  I  iiavu  of  the  dear  one  walling  for 
me  In  the  “  Bright  Beyond."  Even  you  who  have 
been  called  to  say  ?he  last  good-by  can  remember 
mother’s  kind  admonitions,  and  the  dear,  grave 
tone  of  voice  In  which  advice  was  given.  I  liave 
not  even  tlie  fond  remembrance  of  lender  caro 
and  caress,  but  ah— I  know  what  It  Is  lo  feel  the 
need  of  all  this.  Sometimes,  when  I  grow  weary 
and  wicked,  1  lay  iny  check  close  to  tho  dear  lips 
and  pray  Oow  to  aid  me  lu  my  endeavor  to  become 
like  her ;  then  all  the  hard,  rebellious  thoughts 
vanish,  and  1  start  again  with  new  resolves. 
But’tls  a  hard  battle  we  girts  right  alone.  It 
needs  a  mother's  wise,  firm  hand  to  direct,  and  a 
mother’s  stern  experience  to  point  out  the  various 
snares  lliat  are  lying  so  thickly  about  our  path¬ 
way.  Homettmes  there  are  dear  frlopds  who  at¬ 
tempt-  w  aid  us,  but  no  one  so  thoroifghly  under¬ 
stands  our  nature— no  one  feels  so  deep  an  luter- 
esl  In  our  welfare — as  mother.  Hard  work,  trouble 
and  multitudinous  cares  wearhard  on  the  mother’s 
mind,  and  she  may  at  times  seem  stern  and  indif¬ 
ferent,  but  1  toll  you,  girls,  there  is  a  largo,  gen- 
erous  heart  there  boating  for  you,  and  a  depth  of 
love  known  but  to  tho  creator.  So,  it  you  arc 
pondering  a  hard,  knotty  question,  take  it  to 
mother,  and  abide  by  her  decision.  If  you  are 
about  to  taka  any  step  out  of  your  usual  course, 
whether  of  minor  or  supreme  Impoitance,  let 
mother’s  aupertor  wisdom  guide  you.  Remember 
the  years  ol  laborious  care  given  lo  your  interest 
and  command  oven  your  thoughts  to  bo  filled  with 
respect  for  her.  We  all  know  that  a  mother's 
heart  seeks  a  thoughirul,  unceasing  affection  from 
her  orfsprlng,  and  3.idly  to  bo  pilled  Is  tho  heart 
unable  or  not  willing  to  respond. 
C.  KhTELIvE  Bkikce. 
- - - 
ALL  ABOUT  SALT. 
W E  never  appreciate  the  advantages  wc  possess. 
This  may  not  strike  you  as  an  original  remark, 
and  Indeed  I  do  not  reserve  the  right  of  trans¬ 
lating  Its  Perhaps  U  might  oven  he  tennod,  with 
Justice,  a  platitude,  but  It  is  remarkably  true.  1 
doubt  whether  It  ever  oeeurred  to  any  one  that  it 
was  nice  to  be  able  to  breathe,  uiile.ss  asthma,  or 
fog,  or  a  n.sUbOiie,  or  a  rope,  or  some  other  Imped¬ 
iment  to  free  respiration  drew  lilsaltentlon  to  tho 
fact.  Living  people  can  remember  the  time  when 
no  ouo  placed  any  particular  value  upon  water, 
which  nuiked  wtUi  air  as  a  thing  loo  common,  too 
necessarj'  to  bo  grateful  for.  The  nearest  pump 
or  well  supplied  It  In  profusion,  clear,  sparkling, 
wholesome.,  free  from  "  organic  matter.”  In  like 
manner  we  of  the  present  gencrailou  think  ilgntiy 
enough  of  salt,  and  can  hardly  appreciate  the  dis¬ 
tress  whlctli  would  ensue  if  u  became  S(;nrco  or 
dear,  or  If  the  progress  of  clvllazallon  poisoned  It. 
•Salt  Is  an  essential  constllueut  of  llio  blood, 
from  wlilcli  It  Is  coastantly  drawn  by  tlio  soiu’e- 
tlons— you  know  how  briny  tears  are— and  t  iiere- 
toro  It  must  be  supplied.  It  Is  the  only  mineral 
food  of  man.  To  understand  tho  necessity  for  It, 
wo  must  turn  to  the  experience  of  iTavelers  who 
liave  taken  long  Journeys  through  regluim  where 
cannot  be  procured,  and  who  are  resirleteil  all 
the  while  to  a  vegciatilo  diet.  For  Micro  is  salt  in 
all  animal  fond,  so  that  after  a  certain  period  of 
privation  the  freshest  meal  Uisles  strongly  of  It, 
and  Is  exciRidlngly  grateful  In  enusequenee.  H.x- 
plorers  who  have  neglected  to  supiily  themHelve.H 
with  a  sunielont  slock  of  the  mineral,  sjicak  of 
iliclr  yearning  after  It  In  terms  which  we  should 
have  fancied  applicable  to  the  want  of  water 
alone ;  ami  this  Is  not  merely  due  lo  tho  force  of 
habit,  for  the  natives  show  an  eiiual  appreciation 
of  It,  and  the  little  children,  in  places  where  salt 
Is  rare,  will  oat  It  with  the  avidity  which  tho  hoys 
and  girls  of  other  countries  show  wltli  regard  to 
sugar.  All  animals  are  likewise  fond  of  it,  and 
will  lick  a  lump  whenever  they  get  the  chance. 
When  wo  consider.  In  addition  to  this  n.at.ural 
need  of  salt,  how  useful  It  Is  for  the  preservation 
of  food  wlilch  must  be  wasted  wittiout  It;  whon 
we  romeiiihci-  Iiow  dependent  the  poor  especially 
are  upon  salt  pork  and  llsli,  wo  can  fona  some 
estimate  of  the  hardness,  nay,  of  Uio  positive  cru¬ 
elty  of  the  laws  which  should  tax  It  so  lilgUly  as 
to  orealo  an  artitlelal  scarcity. 
Balt  Is  round  lu  vast  maases  more  or  less  pure 
amoug  rocks  of  all  geological  ages,  but  principally 
lu  the  New  lied  Sandstono.  Tho  subterraneous 
streams  percolating  through  Hie  strata  where  It 
lies  become  lui|>regri«ti  4  with  U,  and  rurm  tho 
brine  springs  from  which  tho  supply  of  salt  has 
from  carllu.st  times  boon  drawn. 
Ill  IBW,  some  persons  trying  for  coal  at  Mar- 
bury,  England,  carno  upon  tho  betla  of  rock  .salt 
from  wlieiico  tho  brlno  springs  Issued,  and  over 
since  It  has  been  e.xcaval(;d  lu  blocks,  by  mining 
and  blasting,  like  any  other  mineral.  In  some 
places  the  rock  salt  Is  found  at  gro.at  depths,  la 
others  near  the  surface— nay,  It  crops  above  It, 
for  there  is  a  hill  of  rook  salt  some  huudredsof 
feet  high  in  Spain;  and  Hie  Island  of  Ormuz,  Iti 
tho  Persian  Uiilf,  Is  eompu.scd  of  It.  Tim  ilnest 
salt,  however.  Is  obtained  Irom  the  brine  springs. 
The  UuDrognatod  wator  i.spumpoci  uj)  into  a  res¬ 
ervoir,  and  thenco  conveyed  by  jilpns  Into  Mm  .salt 
pans— large,  shallow,  Iron  reeeptaeles,  arranged 
with  Hues  underneath  them,  so  that  sunieleut 
heat  may  be  applied  to  eau.so  the  water  lo  piiss 
off  lu  stoain,  leaving  tho  salt  deposited.  Tho 
more  rapid  the  cvaponiUon,  the  Uiier  tho  quality : 
so  to  produce  table  salt  tho  brlno  Is  caused  aetu- 
ally  to  boll;  while  a  temperature  of  a  little  over 
100*  Is  HUtneleut  for  the  coarser  kinds,  which  aro 
used  for  the  preservation  of  ilsh,  etc.,  and  aro  do- 
pusllucl  In  largo  crystals.  When  the  water  has 
eviiporatod,  tho  salt  Is  giitherod  out  of  the  pans 
Into  vessels,  where  It  Is  left  awhile  to  drain,  and 
then  stored  in  apartments  which  are  kept  care¬ 
fully  dry.  It  Is  estimated  that  every  pint,  of  bri  no 
yields  about  six  ounces  ol  salt.  Hock  sail,  cannot 
be  sold  In  blocks  us  It  Is  quarried;  even  the  best 
Is  mixed  with  t,oo  nnicb  foreign  sniistanco  (or 
tliat.  So  It  Is  llrst  dissolved  in  water,  when  what¬ 
ever  matter  Is  Insoluble  sinks  to  the  bottom,  Tho 
liquid  Is  then  strulued  off,  aud  treated  like  tho 
other  brltie. 
The  famous  Salsburg  district,  in  (iermany,  In¬ 
cludes  the  llalleln,  ilallstadt,  Borehtesgtulen  and 
other  mines.  The  salt  la  a  moiioiioly  of  the  Aus¬ 
trian  Ooverument,  and  it  brings  lu  upwards  of 
ten  million  of  dollars  a  year.  A  visitor  to  tho 
Bcrchlesgaden  mine  deserlbes  the  manner  lu 
which  the  salt  Is  obtalmal  so  clearly  aud  eoiielsely 
that  1  am  tempUd  lo  (luolo  his  very  words : 
“  If  pure  rock  salt,  or  nearly  so,  It  Is  merely 
quarried  Into  blocks,  and  then  conveyed  to  Hie 
eiitraneo  Of  tho  mine.  If,  however.  It  Is  imbedded 
lu  earth,  clay,  uiai  1  or  gyiisum,  tho  process  is 
more  curious  and  complicated.  Oallorlcs  are  llrst 
cut  through  tho  limestone  rock  to  the  soft  beds  of 
salt,  where  a  small  chamber  Is  excavated.  Hue 
set  of  pipes  Is  then  convoyed  into  Uds  chamber 
from  above,  and  another  set  from  tlic  chamber  to 
the  foot  of  the  mountain.  These  are  closed  at  the 
bottom  by  a  valve,  which  can  be  opened  at  pleas¬ 
ure,  and  arc  In  communlcailon  wlHi  other  pipes 
or  tanks.  When  these  preparations  are  complete, 
the  wator  is  turned  on,  and  the  chamber  ooin- 
piet^ly  lined.  The  roof  and  sides  gradually  crum¬ 
ble  and  fall  away,  the  salt  dissolves  in  the  water, 
aud  the  earth  and  rubbish  sink  to  the  bottom. 
