BWeet  and  the  pulp  moderately  tender.  Ripens 
two  weeks  before  the  Concord. 
Amanda. — Also  similar  to  the  Ida;  scarcely 
distinguishable ;  very  sweet. 
BUCK  VARIETIES. 
Of  these  Sir.  SIinkk  has  quite  a  number  which 
are  fully  e(iual  to  the  Concord,  and  a  few  which 
wo  think  are  suiMsrior  in  quality.  Among  these 
wo  name  U’xhi^ton—&  handsome,  largo  Grape, 
with  very  sweet  iiiid  tender  tlowh.  The  Madison 
is  also  a  flue  sort,  very  sweet,  but  of  sorightly 
flavor,  ri])eiiiiig  early. 
But  wo  wero  more  interested  m  tli  Aliito 
sorts  than  in  the  Blacks,  as  those  give  promise 
of  filling  a  place  wliich  has  long  remained  va¬ 
cant.  There  is  scarcely  room  for  doubt  as  to  the 
success  of  these  sorts,  as  they  are  now  growing 
in  a  soil  and  exi)0Hure  which  we  should  not  con¬ 
sider  very  favorable  hi  tire  development  or  suc¬ 
cess  of  anything  but  the  most  vigorous  aud 
hardy  sorts. 
source,  and  the  subterranean  rills,  with  gravity 
alone  as  a  motive  force,  trickle  so  slowly  into  the 
well  that  a  brisk  siiell  at  the  pump  reaxiily  empties 
it.  In  a  tube  well,  on  tbo  other  hand,  the  earth 
hermetically  pricktsl  round  tbo  suclion-pipe  ex¬ 
cludes  the  air  from  the  rirca  close  to  its  jM.rf or¬ 
ated  extremity,  where  the  action  of  tlio  jnimii 
creates  a  vacuum  info  which  the  water  is  driven 
impetuously  from  the  environing  strata  bv  the 
joint  impulse  of  gi’avihitioii  und  atmospheric 
proHSure  at  the  fountain  head.  And  tliis  con¬ 
verging  rash  must  continno  while  the  pump  is  at 
work,  until  the  vast  tiihuUry  mass  of  subter¬ 
ranean  water  is  cxhaushid. 
By  Gkeen’s  order  Mudoe  continued,  for  some 
time,  his  experiments  with  this  unsatisfactnry 
result.  In  every  ease  a  “drive  rod”  to  make 
the  hole  w'as  Ju(li.‘<i)cnHablc.  'J'o  ascertain  when 
this  had  roacho<l  water,  repeated  withdrawals 
were  often  nocoBsary.  'I'lio  fall  of  loose  earth, 
sand  and  i)ebLlea  from  tho  sides  of  the  empty 
hole  added  annoyance  and  delay  to  increased 
labor.  Moreover  in  loose,  friable  formations 
there  was  always  daiigor  of  the  entire  work 
collapsing  whenever  the  »•(«!  was  withdrawn. 
Into  this  rickety  hole  a  sheet-iron  cylinder  was 
gingerly  introduced  to  serve  as  a  wall  to  the 
well,  and  a  guard  to  an  inner  Icad-iupo  for  tbo 
passage  of  tho  waters.  The  entire  operation 
was  more  complicated,  hazardous  ami  uncertain, 
am!  liarrlly  loss  expensive  than  the  old  mode, 
and  not  a  single  well  sunk  by  Miidoe  under 
Green’s  direction  turued  out  a  permanent  suc¬ 
cess. 
In  OetolKjr  ISfll,  Gueen’.s  regiment  went  south, 
but  Munoic  rctimned  home  in  tho  following 
much  eagerness  as  ordinary  inventors  have  to 
Ere  the  close  of 
exercise  in  searching  for  them, 
tho  year  the  piecemeal  sale  of  his  entire  patent 
had  lifted  the  lucky  well-digger  from  indigence 
to  afllnence.  and  lodged  him  snugly  among  tho 
capitalists.of  tho  village. 
llis  financial  success,  <pnto  as  mndi  as  tho  ob¬ 
vious  shorteomingB  of  his  crude  but  suggestive 
devices,  soon  flooded  tho  country  with  auxihary 
patents,  covering  a  few  nee<led  and  a  host  of 
superfluous  improvements.  Of  those  some  sub¬ 
stituted  an  adjnstihh!  imint,  of  various  shapes 
aud  material.H,  for  BuorjKTT’s  clarnslly  forged 
makeshift.  Otliers  excluded  sand  from  the 
suction  pipe  by  ncreeniug  its  perforated  cud 
internally  or  exlumally,  with  >vire-gauze  or 
minutely  perforated  shi  els  of  difforout  metals. 
SuooETT,  with  characteristic  simplicity,  had  im¬ 
perfectly  accomplished  this,  during  tho  process 
of  driving  only  by  economically  pacldiig  the  per¬ 
forated  end  of  tho  drill  with  rags  to  bo  fished 
out  with  a  hook  attached  to  tho  end  of  a  long  rod 
when  water  harl  been  reached.  The  hulk  of 
these  patents,  however,  diEfered  from  each  other 
uierely  in  tritlos  so  ahsunily  immaterial  that  iin- 
jjDsition  not  imijrovement  must  liavo  been  tbo  aim 
of  their  owners.  Of  tho  tube  wells  throughout 
tho  country  fully  fonr-flfth.s  have  already  contri¬ 
buted  in  their  cost  to  tho  price  wrung  from 
well-di-ivers  for  territorial  rights  under  some  one 
of  these  patents. 
It  was  not  in  human  nature  that  Mcdue  should 
witness  Suooett’s  rapid  enrichment  without 
attempting  to  profit  in  like  manner  by  the 
scheme  which  it  was  now  exasiairatingly  evident 
he  had  hi  tnsolf  abandoned  prematiu-ely.  Accord¬ 
ingly  in  August  1805  ho  apiflied  for  a  patent  for 
Mac  Ken/.ie's  process  of  well-making,  aud  this 
was  readily  granted  on  tho  2  llh  of  the  following 
October.  8ix  months’  trial,  however,  demon¬ 
strated  tho  fatal  atlvantagos  of  the  pointed  and 
perforated  drill  protected  by  Hi  lOu  kit's  patent, 
all  claims  to  which  ho  had  frankly  repudiated  in 
his  oMTi  applicatiou.  Finding,  however,  that  his 
patent,  in  its  prosont  form,  was  useless,  and 
htill  worse,  uns.*ilablo,  ho  suiTendercil  it  on  tho 
.5th  of  Maixfli  18Gt>  and  boldly  aonglfl.  an  amended 
reisBiio  covering  a  pc-rforated  pii>o  and  point  in 
addition  to  tho  process  claimed  in  liis  surrendered 
)iatont. 
By  this  time  SuooErr's  success  and  tha  wido- 
siiieail  use  of  tho  system  that  had  sprung  from 
it,  had  rouBwl  GitEuN  to  a  lively  sense  of  tho 
va.st  possibilities  of  fortune  still  latent  in  tlio 
novel  enterprise.  Munore's  early  experiim<nts 
ordered  by  liim  were  consti’uctivoly  his ;  and 
Mcdoe’h  late  initeiit  gratnitously  jirovcd  that  a 
process  of  making  a  hole  in  tlie  ground  was 
patentable.  Hikuieit’s  application  had  em¬ 
braced  a  claim  for  this  wliich  tho  underlings  of 
the  patent  oftico  had  so  unfeelingly  ridiculed 
that  his  agent  JIou.  R.  11.  Dijei.e,  flongi-ess- 
mau  from  Onondaga  t’-o.,  in  those  days  and 
CointnisHiouer  of  I’litcnts  in  these— prudoutly 
docked  the  instrument  of  Giis  pretention.  Yet 
THE  TUBE  WELL  AND  ITS  HISTOEY 
The  essential  difference  between  tho  im¬ 
memorial  dug  and  artesian  well,  and  the  modern 
tube  well,  is,  that  in  the  two  former  the  earth 
removed  from  the  hole  is  bronglit  to  the  Rurf.ice, 
while  in  the  last  it  is  forced  aside  by  a  pointed 
drill,  driven  down  to  the  water-bearing  strata. 
With  a  few  rare  exceptions,  this  drill  consists  of 
an  ajijiropriate  length  of  wrought  iron  pipe,  ]K'r- 
forated  at  the  bottom,  and  tljipcd  with  an  ad- 
jugtablo,  conical  jioint,  having  a  short  stem 
fitting  into  the  tulx;  and  a  circular  shoulder  pro¬ 
jecting  slightly  beyond  it.  When  the  jierforiiUsl 
part  has  been  submerged  m  tbo  Bubterranoan 
water  n  pump  is  attached  to  tho  npjior  end,  and 
henceforUi  the  tubular  drill  serves  both  as  a 
curb  to  tlie  well  aud  a  suction  pipe  to  tho  pump. 
It  is  now  about  a  dozen  years  since  this  itrocoss 
of  well-making  was  first  pressed  nimn  imblic 
attention.  lu  this  interval  its  inarkcil  sniHiriority 
over  former  mctliods,  in  cheapness  and  facility 
of  <!Oustraetion,  as  well  as  in  tlio  purity  and 
abundance  of  tlio  water  supplied  by  it,  lias  lc<l  to 
its  rapid  intidduction,  wherever  the  geological 
formation  of  tlio  comitry  would  aijinit  of  its  em¬ 
ployment.  To  this  Kuccess  tho  ubiquitous  can- 
vassors  for  the  uiulUtudhious  patents  connected 
with  it,  havo  contributed,  not  a  little,  by  indefa¬ 
tigable  [lersistonco  iu  forcing  on  the  public  tho 
use  and  merits  of  tlieir  respective  devices,  and 
necessarily  also  of  the  system  that  gave  these 
birth  aud  value.  'J'lms  it  happeus  tliat  at  a 
moderate  computation  tho  United  States  jiosses- 
ses  to-day  at  least  760,000  of  these  wells.  At  a 
low  avoi'age  those  cost  §50  apiece — an  aggregate 
cost  of  &37,50ll,0ll0.  A  recent  deciskm  in  a 
patent  suit  recognizes  the  broad  claim  of  N.  W. 
Green  as  the  inventor  of  this  process  of  well- 
making  ;  and  straightway  Mr.  Green  proposes 
not  only  to  o.liiirgo  a  royalty  on  all  tube  wells  to 
bo  sunk  during  the  imcxpirod  term  of  his  patent  ; 
but  also  to  exact  a  jienalty  of  §10  from  the  guile¬ 
less  owner  of  each  well  now  in  operation ;  or,  in 
other  words,  to  levy,  for  his  ow'u  jiocket,  an 
arbitrary  tax  of  20  jior  cent,  on  §37, .500,000 
already  legitimately  invested  in  this  species  of 
property,  lu  view  of  the  jflienomeual  modesty 
of  Giis  demand  a  brief  history  of  tho  invention 
covered  by  tho  jiateut  on  which  it  is  hasin^GH 
lie  intercHting  to  Uiousands  hkcly  tobo  peemma- 
ly  uffeobxl  by  it. 
The  e-irliost  acoonnt  pnlilishcd  in  this  country 
of  tho  tube  well-process  of  woll-malaug  occurs 
in  an  American  reprint  of  “  Mao  Kenzie’u  5,000 
Receipts,”  issued  iu  Philadclpliia  iu  1829  by 
Jas.  Kay  .iu.  A  Bro.  On  page  388,  a  receipt 
“  to  raise  water  in  all  Ritnations.”  tells  us  that 
WINE -  MAKING, 
I  at.i.cde  to  the  article  under  the  above  bead 
iu  your  issue  of  tbo  16th  inst.,  signed  “T.  B. 
Miner,"  not  for  tbo  pm-pose  of  criticising  it,  for 
1  thiuk  he  is  aboutrightin  bis  mnnnerof  making 
Wine  from  such  grai>cs  as  ho  has  meutJoned, 
grown  cither  in  his  or  my  latitude.  Tho  Dela¬ 
ware  and  Concord,  I  have  no  doubt,  will  contain 
more  sugar  grown  fimthcr  south,  whore  they 
can  safely  remain  on  the  vines  till  later  iu  the 
season.  The  Clinton,  I  think,  is  about  in  its 
proper  climate  at  about  42'’  Nnrtli,  though  oven 
here  it  is  the  lient  In  the  wannest  aud  longest 
seasons.  While  agreeing  in  tho  main  with  Mr. 
M.,  I  do  not  see  tho  propriety  of  adding  alcohol 
or  spirits  to  tho  must,  for  tho  same  thing  is  ac- 
oomplislicd  by  the  adding  of  cane  sugar,  a  jiint  of 
which,  at  least,  will  bo  changed  to  alcoliol  iu  tlie 
process  of  femontation. 
Tho  most  perfect  Wines,  suiting  tho  palates  of 
tho  most  poi’foct  drinkers  and  judges,  are  doubt¬ 
less  made  from  perfectly  ripened  grapes  without 
anything  added.  It  la  stated  that  tlie  Germans, 
in  tho  manufaefnre  of  tho  most  choice  Wines, 
dry  tho  grajies  for  a  wliile  on  straw  to  evaporate 
a  portion  of  the  water  of  the  must. 
Connoisseurs  iu  Wiuo  do  not  gener.aiiy  I'refer 
Swoot  WincB,  and  though  discsu'diug  the  least 
suspicion  of  acetic  acid;  they  prefer  it  strongly 
tinctured  with  tartaric.  With  us,  however,  who 
havo  not  generally  mada  Wine  a  daily  beverage, 
the  majority  prefer  a  tasto  of  sugar-  that  is,  do 
not  prefer  tho  small  1  ist  of  tai  tarie  aeid.  To 
make  such  Wine  as  tlie  majority  of  men  hero 
prefer  out  of  suoli  grapes  as  w©  can  get  fully 
colored.  I  thiuk,  requires  some  water  to  reduce 
the  excess  of  acid,  and  some  sugar  to  sweeten 
and  preserve  it.  There  may  ho  exceptions  iu 
favorable  localities,  like  Islands  snrroimded  by 
largo  triKds  of  water,  or  the  sides  of  mountains 
of  oonsidorablo  elevation,  where  Ly  those  means 
frost  is  kept  off  to  a  later  period. 
Tho  best  Whio  I  ever  made,  allowing  my 
neighbors  and  myself  to  bo  tho  judges,  was 
made  Oct.  1,  1874,  from  wiiat  remained  of  my 
Clintons,  Concords,  Ivch, 
Hartford,  Catawba, 
Diana  and  Isabella  Grapes  (tho  last  three  never 
fully  ripen  here),  making  11  gallons  of  must,  to 
which  I  added  dbi’  gallops  of  waler  and  41  pounds 
of  N.  O.  sugar,  making  in  nil  l!)?j  g.allons.  Tho 
must  was  sLiaiued  through  a  lino  sieve  into  a  40- 
gallon  cask,  tlio  wabT  and  sugar  added  at  once  ; 
has  boon  drawn  from  ever  since,  and  never 
racked  till  lately,  when  there  was  hanlly  a  gallon 
of  refuse,  .\fter  pressing  out  tho  must,  1  then 
added  to  the  bagasse  li  gallons  of  water,  and  after 
a  day  or  two  pressed  out  G ‘4  gallons  and  added 
I’OUnds  of  N.  0.  sugar.  This,  I  presume, 
would  not  havo  kept  through  the  following  suin- 
inor.  Don’t  know  — didn’t  try  it,  but  pieforred 
it  greatly  to  eider  made  of  apple  aud|worm  Juice. 
Now,  the  only  excuse  I  have  for  tho  foregoing 
is  that  I  havo  often  been  benefited  by  tbo  expe¬ 
rience  of  others  as  reported  in  books  aud  news¬ 
papers,  and  have  the  vanity  to  think  that  I  may 
thus  ]io88ibly  henelH  some  one.  My  intention 
on  tho  commencement  of  this  article  was  to 
show,  l>y  quoting  h’om  their  writings,  tho  groat 
differences  of  opinion  and  praotico  among  tho 
most  eminent  wuie-uukers  of  America,  as  to  tho 
propriety  of  adding  under  any  circumstances 
»uy  water  or  sugar  to  the  mii.st,  also  to  give  the 
analyses  of  some  of  our  common  grapes  and  to 
answer  in  my  own  w.ay  tho  long  unanswered 
question,  “’Who  shall  decide  when  doctors  disa¬ 
gree?”  but  I  have  already  occupied  tho  space 
intended,  but  will,  if  permitted,  resume  tho 
subject.  S.  B.  rECK. 
Muskegon,  Mich. 
New  Varieties  of  GuArKs.— I’ersoijs  having 
now  seedling  grapes  fruiting  this  season,  for  the 
first  time,  should  carefully  compiu’o  them  with 
old  sorts  before  offoring.tho  same  for  sale  or 
propagating  to  any  extent.  If  a  new  sort  is  no 
better  than  an  old  one  what’s  the  use  of  it,  or 
adding  another  name  to  the  list. 
