riod  of  time  I  was  ofteu  at  Sezincota,  the  beau- 
tifnl  seat  erected  by  Sir  Citas.  Cockekei-t,  and 
now  in  poHKc«sion  of  Lis  grandson,  Sir  C.  Kus- 
HOUSE.  A\hilc  I  was  there  the  gamekeepers 
gave  mo  .sneh  correct  ideas  of  tbo  fcathere<i 
tribo  that  I  never  fail  in  any  undertaking,  every 
ostabhahmont  of  poidtiy  invarialOy  prospering 
when  I  have  entire  control,  and  iny  son  has  at 
tlie  present  time  the  same  good  results,  as  far  as 
he  proceeds  according  to  the  experiences  of  the 
past. 
13nt  to  return  to  the  gauiokccpors.  They 
raised  vast  quanfities  of  rheaKanls,  I’nitridges 
and  Wild  Ducks  from  the  eggs  wiilcli  were  found 
where  Iho  nests  w(!ro  disturljed  among  mowing 
grass  and  other  places  where  the  old  birds  could 
not  hatch  out.  There  were  a  groat  many  luin- 
dreds  raised  evciy  yeai-,  but  fresh,  untainted 
ground  was  resorted  to,  and  the  coops  and  the 
whole  area  of  three  or  four  acres  witliin  Iron 
hurdles,  was  niovoil  as  fast  as  the  droppings 
showed  it  was  iidviHahlo,  consequently  in  raising 
poultry  in  al  ter  years  fresh  ground  was  always 
obtained  for  young  chickens  and  range  liad  for 
old  ones.  A  few  yoai’s  since  myself  and  family 
offered,  by  advertisomoni,  to  raise  ten  tlioiisund 
on  shares,  but  not  one  out  of  many  corresi)ond- 
ents  could  be  niiide  to  see  tho  necessity  of 
sprearling  the  fowls  over  so  much  gjiace,  almost 
all  of  them  expecting  to  have  hundreds  together 
crowded  much  thicker  than  women  and  children 
in  tenement  houses  in  cities.  At  this  time  I 
have  enougli  in  family  to  raise  thousands  very 
easily,  and  this  is  the  only  time  of  tlio  year  to 
begin  j  but  altljough  tho  cheapest  possible  roosts 
only  would  ho  required,  which  we  could  ei-cct 
ourselvoN,  not  a  soul  could  be  found  who  would 
find  room  or  see  tho  necessity  of  placing  them 
all  in  small  faniilios,  althongli  by  doing  so  it  iS 
evident  the  p^jultry  would  get  half  their  Uving 
by  ranging  and  never  know  disease.  One  of  my 
SYMPTOMS. 
Tho  disease  commonly  known  as  “ 
exceedingly  wrong,  as  toads  and  birds  are  the 
fanner's  be.st  and  most  useful  friends  and 
heli>er8.  It  is  said  that  there  is  actually  a  con¬ 
siderable  commerce  in  toads  between  Franco  and 
England.  A  toad  of  goofl  size  and  in  fair  con¬ 
dition  will  fetch  a  shilling  (twenty-five  cents)  iii 
the  London  market,  and  a  dozen  of  the  extra 
quality  are  worth  XI  steiding  A  writer  iu 
a  European  paper  states  that  one  may  sec  those 
imported  toads  in  all  the  market  gardens  whore 
the  soil  is  moist,  and  the  owners  of  thc.se  gardens 
even  prepiire  shelter  for  them.  Many  grave 
persons  have  shaken  their  hoa<ls  when  they 
heard  of  lliis  now  whim  of  tho  English:  but 
those  laugh  tlio  host  who  baugh  the  last.  This 
time  the  English  are  in  tho  right. 
Tho  toad  is  very  bolpful  to  tho  Inisbandman  as 
a  destroyer  of  injurious  insects  on  whioli  it 
chiefly  feeds.  Toads  hare  a  curious,  nct-like 
lasso,  which  they  tlirow  out  so  quickly  to  trap 
insects,  that  a  tly  is  not  sufficiently  agile  to 
escape.  Jloys,  spare  tho  harmless  and  usefm 
toads,  and  the  dear  little  birds  that  snltsist  on  in¬ 
sects  whicli  destroy  our  fruit  and  gram.  The 
I’l'csident  of  the  Farmers’  Club  of  tho  American 
Institute,  N.  C.  Ely,  who  own.s  a  f.arm  worth 
860,000,  in  Connoctient,  once  stated  to  tJic 
Club,  that  he  was  accustomed  to  pay  fifty  cents 
each  for  toatls  which  were  put  on  his  farm  to 
destroy  in.sects.  We  place  small  pieces  of  boaids 
over  little  dopressiona  in  tho  garden  and  about 
the  yard,  as  refuges  for  n.seful  toads. 
j  constantly  have  on  this,  any  device  for  insuring 
its  purity  cannot  well  be  over-estimated. 
Cheapness  iu  cost,  esjx:cuilly  in  districts  where 
materials  for  the  walls  of  a  well  are  scarce,  is 
another  jxiuit  no  loss  in  favor  of  these  weOs 
than  tho  raxiidity  and  ahsolnto  safety  of  their 
coDstniction.  Tho  ruin  that  sometimes  befalls 
a  dug  well,  whoso  walls  have  boon  undormintHi 
by  tho  waabuig  away  of  their  sandy  snijport,  is 
imiKissiblo  to  its  rival,  tbo  funudatiun  of  which 
is  jiaradoxically  in  the  pnnqi-slock  above  the 
eurfaco.  To  a  mollicr's  heart  it  will  always  be  a 
recommendation  that  tho  most  oapivcions  of 
•  thcHO  tnbo-girt  holes  cannot  well  prove  a  pitfall 
oven  to  tho  most  diminutive  of  her  adventurous 
bi'ood.  Tho  doggerel  riddle  nuent  the  immova¬ 
bility  of  wells,  which  mythologists  declare  to  be 
of  immemorial  descent,  is  hardly  apjilicablo  to 
this  modern  form,  ono  of  whose  olaiins  to  special 
merit  rests  on  the  case  with  which  it  can  bo 
taken  up  and  removed,  as  necessity  or  oouveni- 
enco  may  dictate.  Ktookinon,  emigrants  and 
other  nomads  are  likely  to  find  this  feature  as 
serviceable  as  tho  Jlrilish  army  did  in  the 
Abysinian  war,  and  still  later  in  tho  invasion  of 
Dalioiney, 
Although  it  is  seldom  that  any  consideration 
is  allowed  greater  weight  than  tho  accossahility 
of  water  in  detcrmlnmg  the  site  equally  of  a 
country  hovel  or  farm-house,  yet  the  conditions 
of  a  dug  well  generally  necessitate  its  kxiatton  at 
some  distance  from  the  drainage  and  movements 
immediately  around  tho  house.  The  ungrateful  j 
tlio  gapes  " 
is  caused  solely  by  tho  presence  of  numbers  of 
wonns  In  the  windpipo,  which  thus  becomes  so 
filled  np  as  to  render  resinration  diflicult,  and  if 
in  considerable  numbers,  by  Iboir  growth  tho 
obstruction  is  oxnnplctc,  and  death  results  from 
suffocation.  Young  chickons  Unis  attacked  sel¬ 
dom  recover  without  8i>ocial  treatment  for  the 
removal  of  tho  worms.  Chickens  only  tliree  or 
four  days  old  oftem  show  syinjitoiiis  of  the  dis¬ 
ease  by  opening  wide  tlicir  mouths,  gasjiing  for 
breath  and  atteiniiting  to  swallow.  They  also 
frctpiently  sneeze.  As  the  disease  grows  wor.se 
those  symptomM  become  more  m'lrked ;  the 
chicl;ens  eontimtally  gasp  and  struggle  for 
Lroath,  grow  weak  and  dispiiiUsl,  and  finally 
droop  and  die.  In  fatal  cases,  one  or  two  dozen 
of  thise  w'orms  arc  often  found  in  the  windpii>e, 
completely  filling  it  up. 
REMEDIES, 
Tlio  worms  may  ho  removed  by  a  feather  from 
which  tho  web  has  been  strippod,  except  a  small 
portion  near  tho  ti]).  This  may  bo  moistened 
wth  oil,  salt  water,  or  a  weak  soinfion  of  carbolic 
acid  and  introduced  into  the  windpiiHi,  when,  if 
it  be  twisted  round  once  or  twice  and  removed, 
it  will  usually  bring  away  several  of  tlie  worms. 
This  operation  should  be  roiicated  at  intervals 
until  all  tbo  worms  are  destroyed.  All  worms 
removed  in  this  or  any  othci'  way  should  be 
carefully  destroyed,  preferably  by  fire,  for  the 
embryos  are  extremely  tenacious  of  life,  and  if 
left  upon  tho  ground  arc  likely  to  spread  the 
di.soase, 
For  the  same  reason  birds  tliat  are  in¬ 
fected  should  bo  separated  from  healthy  ones, 
and  iMiultry  should  never  bo  allowed  to  run  in 
the  same  yards  or  grounds  or  be  kiijit  in  the 
same  bouses  where  infected  onesliuvo  previously 
been  kiqit,  unles.s  tho  premLses  have  first  been 
thoroughly  sprinkled  with  a  strong  solution  of 
carbolic  acid  or  petroleum  waUir,  to  dcsti’oy  the 
old  worms  or  Uio  eggs  and  embryos  tb.at  may 
have  beoii  discharged  from  the  sick  ones.  Tlic 
vessels  from  which  they  feed  should  he  fre¬ 
quently  and  thoroughly  cleansed,  and  tlicy  should 
be  supplied  with  pure  water,  frequently  renewed. 
Ill  extreme  cases  the  worms  may  be  safely  re¬ 
moved  by  a  em-gical  operation  ;  but  this  rcipiiroa 
skill.  Tills  is  done  by  lir.-it  carefuliy  securing 
the  bird,  or  still  better,  by  administering  a  few 
drops  of  chloroform,  jilaccd  upon  cotton  and 
held  to  tho  nostrils.  The  sliiii  of  the  neck  is 
then  to  be  divided  with  a  very  sharp  knife  and 
the  windpipe  opened  by  a  longitudinal  slit  about 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  long.  Tho  worms  may 
then  he  removed  )>y  a  pair  of  small  forceps  or 
other  snitable  instrument.  Tlie  incision  of  the 
skin  may  be  closed  by  ono  or  tivo  sUtches,  and 
Ihe  wound  will  generally  heal  iu  n  few  days.  By 
this  operation  an  almost  in.stautancous  cure  may 
be  effected,  even  when  tbo  disease  has  progressed 
nearly  to  tlie  iioint  of  suffocation 
A  NEW  INDUSTRY  IN  CALIFORNIA 
A  Sax  Franci.sco  corrosiiondent  of  the  Balti¬ 
more  Sun  says A  new  industry  unknown  to 
the  press  is  in  process  of  inangiuntion  in  Cali¬ 
fornia,  which  may  iuttrest,  the  rtiral  districts 
of  Maryland  and  elsowhere.  It  is  ninking  sugar, 
table  simp  and  table  oil  from  waterniclons.  Mr. 
Roe  of  Han  Francisco,  seeing  that  our  beet 
angaries  iiave  not  made  profit,  turned  attention 
to  watornudons.  Ho  found  that  when  beet 
sugar  proved  unprofitable  in  Hungary.  Herr 
Hoffman  substituted  melons,  with  most  gratify¬ 
ing  Bnocess.  His  sugary  at  Zonibar,  is  one  of 
the  largest  and  host  paying  in  Europe.  Accord¬ 
ingly  Dr.  Hiller  was  sent  to  Hungary  to  consult 
with  Herr  HoiTinan,  compare  cUmatos,  and  if 
satisfied,  ho  w'aa  instnicted  to  buy  works  and  im- 
jKirt  slnlled  labor.  To  make  double  assurance 
ho  bought  u  large  sugar  factory  in  full  and  sno- 
cessful  operation,  and  engaged  its  best  men  to 
come  to  California  and  go  on  just  where  they 
left  off.  In  this  way.  supposing  the  uielonfl  to 
bo  all  right,  there  can  ho  no  failure.  Tho  ma¬ 
chinery  has  arrived  at  New  York,  and  workmen 
are  now  planting  the  home-made  engine  and 
boilers.  Tho  locality  Is  on  Andros  Isliind.  iu  the 
long  Delta  ’twixt  the  rivers  Sacramento  and  San 
Joaquin— pi-onounced  Sanwaukiu.  'J’his  belongs 
to  a  group  of  low  islands  that  are  submerged  at 
high  water,  and  tberoforo  not  fit  for  culture. 
But  when  reclaimed  by  embankments  they  are 
exceptionally  iwoductive  in  all  seasons,  wot  or 
dry. 
But  while  beets  are  not  always  sure,  melons 
are  a  crop  that  never  fails  iu  this  climate,  and 
the  factory  being  on  navigable  waters,  it  can  get 
I  melon  juice  from  a  vast  area  of  melon  country 
at  small  expense  for  transport.  Andros  Island 
itself  is  famous  for  melons,  and  so  are  GnanJ 
and  Brannon  Islaiuls^near  bj’,  and  now  roclaiiuod. 
The  distance  from  Han  Francisco  is  about  70 
miles  by  w'ater.  Watermelons  with  white  pulp 
are  preferred.  Their  agriculture  is  more  than 
60  per  cent,  less  costly  than  beets.  They  are 
planted  twelve  feet  apart  one  way,  and  tho  other 
way  six  feet  apart.  Before  weeds  interfere  tho 
leaves  of  the  ])laats  cover  tho  ground  and  kill 
them.  Besides,  they  malte  an  impeneriable 
mulching,  wliioh  keeps  the  soil  moist  and  pre¬ 
vents  baking.  Harvesting  melons  is  cheap  and 
cleanly,  while  uprooting  beets  is  laborious,  and 
tlio  coarse,  adhering  dirt  is  removed  by  baud 
while  the  crown  is  cut  away  as  unprofitable  for 
sugar.  Beets  also  need  much  weeding. 
A  melon  field  needs  only  ono-fourth  tho  plow¬ 
ing.  Beets  can  only  be  deliverod  in  tho  root, 
because  the  juice  turns  quickly  black  and  the 
sugar  becomes  starcli,  while  melon  juice  is  not 
affected  for  several  days.  Beets  are  washed  and 
rasped  or  sliced,  while  melons,  by  one  cut,  de¬ 
liver  their  juice  over  a  seed  sriainer  into  the  vats 
direct.  The  melon  being  free  from  impurities, 
which  make  costly  diemiatry  in  beet  sugar,  is 
much  less  expensive. 
Beet  simp  is  only  lit  for  distillation.  The 
sh’up  from  melons  is  delicious.  The  seeds  make 
the  finest  table  oil,  and  the  refuse  is  good  for 
cattle.  Taking  account  of  so  many  advantages, 
sugar  from  melons,  though  rated  at  7  per  cent, 
of  the  weight  of  the  fruit,  instead  of  8  allowed 
for  beets,  costs  less  to  make.  Tho  difference 
may  bo  set  down  as  5)4  cents  for  melon  sugar  to 
7  cents  ft  pound  for  beet  sugar.  In  regard  to 
quality  beet  sugar  is  superior.  Unless  exUa 
fttroani  and  prevent  many  wearisome  complaints, 
domestic  as  well  as  iiliy.sical. 
In  some  districts  the  only  possibility  of  well- 
water  is  from  tbo  heart  of  a  quicksand.  Here  a 
dug  well  is  wholly  impracticable,  and  despite  tbo 
vaunts  of  well-drivers,  the  success  of  a  tube  well 
is  seldom  entii-ely  comjilete  or  ponnanent.  To 
prevent  the  iullnx  of  sand  from  ;choking  up  tho 
Kiictiun  pipe  is  the  diflicult  problem  which  many 
patents  claim  to  have  solved,  a  claim  w’hicli  has 
here  a  trillo  more  truth  than  patent  iiretentious 
goiiorally  possess.  A  fair  moasuro  of  succcas 
has  111  reality  been  achieved,  and  to  lia  /e  rendered 
tbo  impossible  praeticable  is  not  entirely  without 
merit. 
In  searching  for  watc’’  by  this  process  of  well- 
making,  a  rocky  formation  presents  an  iuipcnc- 
trablc  barrier,  and  a  chance  boulder  encountered 
by  tlie  descending  Urill,  necessitates  its  witli- 
drawal  and  a  change  of  site  for  tho  well.  No 
special  preparation  is  needed  to  penetrate  thin 
layers  of  clay,  but  to  avoid  serious  injury  to  tho 
tube  and  its  couplings  tho  tenacious  deptJi  of  a 
thick  bed  must  ho  pierced  either  by  an  earth 
I  auger,  a  pioneer  “drive  rod"  or  by  forcing 
down  a  tube,  wholly  or  partially  open  at  tho  bot¬ 
tom  and  withdrawing  it  p-t  inteiwals  to  lessen  the 
resistant  friction  by  the  extraction  of  its  adhesive 
contents. 
As  the  bight  to  whieh  atmospheric  pressure 
can  force  a  column  of  water  into  the  vacuum 
created  in  the  suction-pipe  of  a  pump  is  limited, 
under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  to  about 
30  feet,  it  is  absolutely  essential  that  this  should 
bo  the  greatest  interval  between  the  cylinder  of 
tho  pump  and  tho  water.  In  many  wells  driven 
to  ft  much  greater  depth,  hydiostatic  pressure 
lift*  the  Avatcr  to  a  bight  from  which  atmos- 
liheric  iirossiiro  cau  readily  force  it  to  tho  surface. 
^Vhenever  tJie  water  in  a  well  however,  rests 
more  than  thiity  foot  below'  the  brink,  tho  pump 
cylinder  must  he  lowered  to  within  fln'.s  distance 
into  a  pit  sunk  for  its  reception. 
In  constructing  a  tube  well  tho  services  of  a 
skilled  well-driver  should  be  obtained  wherever 
convenient,  elsewhere  a  handy  novice  can,  at  tlie 
cost  of  a  little  forethought,  care  and  mgenuity, 
readily  supply  his  place,  while  dispensing  with 
his  special  appliances.  Points  and  filter-sections 
are  purchasable  with  tho  necessary  tubing,  and 
tho  sldll  that  could  sapicntly  locate  a  dug,  can 
also  wisely  doteriniiio  tho  best  site  for  a  tube 
well.  Kejie. 
but  in  un¬ 
skillful  bands  it  is  not  iilioly  to  bo  so  snocossful 
as  tbo  otiior  remedies  already  described. 
THE  TUBE  WELL  AND  ITS  USES, 
In  a  lato  article  on  tho  Tube  well  it  was  inci¬ 
dentally  shown,  that,  while  tho  re.servoir  of  a  dug 
well  is  cucumscribod  by  it.s  walls,  that  of  a  tube 
well  is  oouxteusivG  with  tlie  tributary  water¬ 
bearing  slrtita.  Wherever  a  demand,  thoroforo, 
C-xists  for  a  constant,  uniform  and  abundant 
stream,  tho  modern  AveU  has  a  decisive  advantage 
over  its  venerable  congener 
As  ft  rule  this 
demand  cau  bo  ilUmitably  supplied,  cither  by 
sinking  a  single  tube  of  sufiioiontly  largo  calibre, 
or,  preferably,  by  driving  dosvn  a  number  of  ad¬ 
jacent  tubes  and  ooucenti'atiug  their  discharges 
in  a  single  exhaui>t  pipe  by  means  of  ordinary 
elbow  couidiiiga.  Tho  diiiiculty  of  driving  is 
thus  vastly  lessened,  as  woU  as  the  risk  of  iujuiy 
to  tho  tube  and  its  couplings,  while  the  sliglit 
increase  of  fluid  friction  is  off.set  by  the  freer  in¬ 
rush  of  water  from  the  broader  area  drained  by 
tho  clUKtei’  of  isolated  tubes.  Factories,  rail¬ 
roads  and  stock  farms  are  the  chief  beneficiaries 
of  this  adaptation,  and  not  a  few  Western  towns 
al.so,  still  too  now  or  uututerprising  for  water 
works  employ  it  for  lire-extinguishing  pmposes. 
Nor  is  the  tubo  well’s  claim  to  superiority  a 
whit  loss  bold  for  tho  qu.ahty  than  for  the  quan¬ 
tity  of  its  waters.  A  dug  well  is  often  a  recep¬ 
tacle  for  refuse  and  vei'uiin,  and  always  for  sur¬ 
face  draimige  with  its  attendant  Impregnations  of 
decaying  animal  and  vegetable  matter.  Fertile, 
alluvial  lands,  and  iiewly-scltlod  districts  are 
esiiecially  exposed  to  msidious  diseases  iucidcait 
to  these  noxious  impurities.  Tho  w'ater  from  a 
tubo  well,  on  the  contrary,  pm-ified  by  filtration 
from  a  distant  source,  and  impei'viously  guarded 
from  local  lattcral  peiwlatious,  is  as  pure,  cold 
and  spaikliug  as  that  still  fiowiug  iu  the  aqueous 
strata.  Iu  view  of  the  paramount  importance  of 
health  to  the  farmer  and  colonist,  and  of  the 
dominant  influence  tho  water  ho  daily  uses  must 
SPARE  AND  PROTECT  THE  TOADS 
The  Practical  Farmer  has  the  following  to  say 
about  tho  usefulness  of  toads,  which  we  com¬ 
mend  to  the  attention  of  our  readers  and  especial¬ 
ly  to  the  Bov.  J.  W.  Sheaueb,  who,  in  a  late 
commuuicatiou  to  the  Beo  Keeper’s  Magazine, 
urges  tlio  destruction  of  those  useful  animals  : 
Many  boys  seem  to  have  a  w'oiidcrful  itching 
to  knock  over  every  toad  with  a  stone  or  club, 
and  when  they  liappen  to  go  within  a  few  rods  of 
a  hii'il,  tliey  look  around,  ahuost  instinctively,  for 
a  stone  to  kill  tlie  dear  little  songster.  This  is 
The  following  account  of  the  symptoms  and 
treatment  of  this  disease,  the  most  fatal,  per¬ 
haps,  of  any  to  which  chickens  and  hens  aie 
sub  j  ect,  is  well  given  by  tho  Canada  Farmer : 
