-  — 
OGT.  U 
THE  BJJBAL  MEW-VOBKER 
247 
care  be  used  beet  sugar  is  apt  to  have  an  un¬ 
pleasant  buggy  llavor. 
Let  it  bo  understood  that  beets  can  only 
succeed  in  moist  bottom  lands,  iilelons  strike 
deep  root  and  they  grow  evciywhero  on  our  up¬ 
lands.  No  doubt  they  \TOuld  thrive  luxuriantly 
in  Jersey,  Delaware  and  Jtaryland.  In  the 
Svandy  soil  States  south  no  crop  can  be  more  cer¬ 
tain,  and  Baltimore  would  make  a  convenient 
center  for  8upplic.s  of  melon  sugar  works.  San 
I''ranci.soo  syinpathise.s  with  Baltimore  and  means 
to  tnvd(!  wilJi  her.  (.’hccrfully  wo  olTer  onr 
experiences  in  everything  wo  think  will  help  her 
prosperity,  and  wo  mean  to  keep  her  advised  of 
our  success  in  melon  sugar-making,  believing  it 
will  serve  her  interest. 
Bairi)  |)usb;iiii)rt|. 
TURNING  DAIRY  STOCK  IN  TALL. 
The  recent  plan  of  transporting  fresh  beef 
from  this  country  to  England  in  ships  littod  up 
with  refrigerators  is  pronounced  a  success,  and 
is  likely  to  have  an  important  intlucnco  on  the 
meat  trade  of  this  country.  England  for  a  long 
time  has  not  produced  a  Sufficient  suiiply  of 
moat  for  her  own  consumption,  and  iinmenso 
numbers  of  cattle  are  annually  imported  into 
the  kingdom  for  slaughter.  The  cattle  como 
from  various  parts  of  the  Gontiuent  of  Europe, 
and  a  visit  to  the  groat  cattle  market  at  Isling¬ 
ton,  l.ondun,  is  intorostiug,  not  only  for  tho 
largo  number  of  animals  exposed  there  for  sale, 
but  for  tho  great  variety  of  breeds  coming  from 
the  different  comurios  ou  tho  Couiiuont.  xMcats 
are  very  expensive  in  England,  and  tho  plan  of 
exporting  tho  carcass  in  rcfi  igcrators,  so  that  it 
arrives  in  England  fresh  and  without  change,  is 
said  to  afford  u  considi‘rai)lo  profit  to  tlio  sliip- 
pers.  The  American  Clrocer,  in  allndiug  to  the 
refrigerators  in  use  on  the  occiin  stnamers.  says  : 
‘•Those  now  in  ii'-e  arc  bnllt  just  opposite  tho 
main  hatchway  in  what  is  called  the  .sU  oragC  or 
orlop  dock.  Tlio  ice-box  is  an  air-tight  com¬ 
partment  about  70  feet  long,  12  feet  wide,  and 
in  bight  from  deck  to  dock.  'J’he  lloor  is  covered 
witli  zinc,  and  tho  h-on  side  of  tho  steamer 
boarded  over  so  as  to  form  a  compartment. 
Tho  wood-work  is  covered  with  thick  material  to 
insure  tiro  box  being  air-tight.  In  tho  center  of 
tire  floor  is  a  trough  to  carry  off  Hie  waste  water 
from  the  mcliing  ice.  In  filling  the  box  with 
ice,  largo  qnantilie.s  of  rock-salt  are  packed  with 
it.  In  one  corner  is  a  revolving  fan  whicli 
forces  tho  eohl  air  mto  Hie  meat-hox  at  tho  tup 
and  di’aw.s  it  hack  at  the  bottom.  This  moat 
box  is  uliout  25  feet  by  !15  feet,  and  is  lined  with 
1  looks,  on  which  the  beef  carcasses  are  bimg. 
Aiiout  2U0  carcasses  are  sent  every  week,  and  so 
successful  has  the  venture  proved  that  tho 
(piaiitily  sent  is  only  limit  sd  l>y  tho  want  of 
freight  room.” 
Bo  far  ton  European  sUiarners  have  been  fitted 
up  with  tills  now  refrigerator,  anil  it  is  said  the 
English  market  wJl  take  all  the  meat  that  ob¬ 
tainable  freight-room  wlil  iK?rmit  i>eiiig  sent. 
There  can  l»o  no  doubt  that  tliia  trade  will  bo 
largely  increased,  and  witli  a  constant  increase 
in  the  liomo  demand,  beef  is  likely  to  bear  a  price 
that  will  well  pay  our  farmers  for  producing  it. 
In  view,  then,  of  tlio  comparative  scarcity  of  and 
increased  demand  for  fat  cattle,  the  question 
occurs,  whether  it  will  not  pay  dairymen  in  put¬ 
ting  slock  to  be  tinned  hi  good  order,  instead  of 
Bolling  it  at  tho  riuiiously  low  rate  tliat  l.s  ons 
tomary.  The  plan  now  followed  by  dairymen, 
and  which  has  been  in  operation  for  many  years, 
is  to  sell  off  in  fall  all  animals  that  do  not  prove 
profitable  for  milk.  No  attention  is  paid  to  put¬ 
ting  tlieso  animals  In  condition  for  the  shara- 
bloH.  Tho  price  paid  for  this  kind  of  stock  is 
usually  very  low,  ranging  from  to  515  per 
head  for  animals  in  ordinary  flesli,  and  -^<20  to 
S2.'5  for  lai'go-bizod  cows  fit  for  tho  butcher. 
Oood-sized  ytmngcrly  animals,  thin  in  flesh,  are 
]int  off  at  tlie  lowest  rates  named.  Some  of  tho 
animals  arc  well  along  in  years,  and  the  whole 
lot  for  Bale  is  of  Leu  “  Imnpcd  off  ”  to  thehuyers 
dealing  in  this  khid  of  stock  at  buyers'  prico.s. 
In  years  past  tlie  poorer  .specimenfl  of  tliis  kind 
of  slock  have  been  slaughtered  merely  hjr  the 
rounds,  and  the  hides  and  the  remaining  part  of 
the  carcaBB  thrown  away,  llauy  an  animal  that 
in  spring  cost  tlie  dairyman  from  to  itfiO,  and 
wlitch,  proving  iinprolltablo  for  milk,  has  been 
sold  in  tho  fall  at  from  or  sj'iu,  or  for  sucli 
rates  as  could  be  obtained.  Now,  tho  cause  of 
tliese  low  prices  comes  from  tho  poor  condition 
of  the  stock ;  it  is  not  fit  for  marketable  beef,  the 
farmer  tiiinks  it  will  not  pay  to  w  inter  it,  and 
therefore  disiiosos  of  it,  making  a  heavy  loss  be¬ 
tween  purchase  and  sale. 
ITie  general  practice  as  above  described  wo 
believe  to  bo  all  wrong  and  that  better  results 
would  be  obtained  by  putting  at  least  a  imrtiou 
of  tho  animals  in  flesh  and  fitting  them  for  tho 
shambles.  It  seems  a  great  wf.ste  to  Itill  au  ani¬ 
mal  poor  in  llesh.  If  dah’ymen  would  more  gen¬ 
erally  engage  in  growing  roots,  tm'nips  and  man¬ 
golds,  the  animals  could  bo  fattened  without  any 
groat  outlay  for  meal  and  a  considerable  profit 
would  beobtaiued  from  thisliranchof  the  business 
instead  of  the  loss  which  is  now  made.  !Mncli  of 
this  stock  is  yielding  little  or  no  milk  by  Octo¬ 
ber,  and  if  they  wore  at  once  dried  off  and  fe<i  a 
little  meal,  with  pumpkins,  turnips  and  other 
available  food  from  tlio  harm,  the  animals  would 
bo  in  good  order  by  December  and  could  bo  sold 
at  satisfactory  prices.  Tliis  would  bo  especially 
the  case  with  young,  tlirifty  stock  which  have 
not  proved  profitable  for  milk.  There  are  many 
accidents  (hat  occur  in  tho  dairj’,  such  as  defect¬ 
ive  udileis,  tlio  loss  of  teats,  tho  failing  to  come 
in  calf,  which  render  it  desirable  to  turn  animals 
that  arc  young  and  thrifty  and  which  would  take 
on  tlcsli  rapidly  with  a  little  extra  feeding.  It  is 
poor  economy  to  sell  such  stoclc  in  tho  fall  when 
it  is  out  of  condition,  because  it  will  not  bring 
anything  like  its  real  value.  English  dairymen 
always  make  a  point  of  fattening  all  stock  to  bo 
turned,  and  they  thus  roalixo  a  profit  from  their 
animals.  Wo  hclievo  tho  same  system  can  bo 
curried  out  hero,  and  witli  tho  prospect  of  an 
increased  demand  for  good  beef,  dairymen  will 
do  well  to  give  tho  matter  attention. 
Tim  Pall  Mall  Gazette,  in  a  recent  article  re¬ 
ferring  to  the  importation  of  yVmcrican  mc.ats 
and  cattle  to  Scotland,  says: 
“  Last  weok  151  cattle  wore  sold  in  Glasgow 
and  brought  on  an  average  XT};!  (4'T50)  each. 
Never,  it  is  stale<i,  did  a  lot  roacli  so  much  on  an 
average.  Dead  meat  is  also  imported  in  large 
quantities.  The  first  sale  was  liold  on  the  .0th 
of  June,  when  100  carcaasos  of  l/ocf  and  72  of 
mutton  woro  disposed  of.  Since  then  about  150 
carcasses  on  tlio  averngo  have  been  sold  wcoidy. 
Last  week  210  oaroassos  were  sold,  amt  On  Wed¬ 
nesday  evening  there  might  liavo  been  scon 
passing  through  the  streets  of  Glaseow  to  the 
cattle  market  the  nnemmnon  procession  of  .3.S 
loi'rios,  o.ach  luden  with  three  tons  of  butchers’ 
moat.  Tho  freight  paid  for  carriago  to  Ghis- 
cow,  Liverpool  and  London  last  week  amounted 
to  X’l,y0U  (40.500).  Altogether,  sliiee  tlio  im¬ 
portation  began,  1.250,000  pound.-t  of  dead  meat 
have  been  sold  iu  Glasgow.  About  1,000  cattle 
were  last  week  exposed  iu  Glasgow  market,  and 
of  these  !ll!5,  dead  and  alive,  were  iinporteil  fi'oiu 
America.  Cattle  killed  on  Tlmr.sday  ia  Now 
York  arc  sold  that  day  fortnight  in  Glasgow.  In 
tho  eour.se  of  a  month  or  so  the  importation  of 
live  cattle  will  cease  for  the  winter,  liut  iirrango- 
moiits  are  being  made  fi/i*  increasing  the  (kad  1 
weal  supply,  and  it  is  expected  to  be  not  loss,  all 
tho  wintc  r,  than  ‘inn  carcasses  a  week.” 
In  view  of  these  facts  and  Uio  prospects  of 
sliipiting  moats  largely  in  the  future,  we  tlnnk 
dairymen  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  make 
the  most  of  such  animals  as  are  not  wanted  in 
tho  dairy,  and  instead  of  turning  them  off  for 
‘  a  mere  song,”  they  should  bo  put  in  condition 
and  sold  for  a  good  price.  Dairymeu  have  tlio 
means  at  hand  for  doing  this  successfully.  If, 
only  requires  a  change  of  a  iiractico  wliieh  has 
always  resulted  In  loss,  and  which  has  been  dc- 
Ijlorod  because  no  other  course  seemed  foasihlo. 
- - - 
FOOT  ROT  IN  THE  DAIRY. 
A  conKr.HPOxnEnT  writes  us  as  to  tho  best 
matmor  of  treating  Foot  Rot  iu  cows.  Tho 
treatment  adopted  siicoossfnlly  by  Herkimer 
County  dttirjmen  is  to  apiply  an  ointment  made 
of  lard  and  red  precipitate  (oxyd  of  mercury)  to 
tlie  affected  jiarts  and  ruljbiug  it  in.  Tho  oint¬ 
ment  is  mailo  mucii  stronger  Uiau  that  usually 
sold  at  tlie  shops,  which  is  composed  of  one  part 
rod  precipitate  to  eight  parts  lard.  For  the  pur¬ 
pose  uameil  it  should  be  composed  of  one  part 
of  tiio  preoipitato  to  four  of  lard.  It  is  clieaper 
and  better  to  purchase  tho  precipitate  and  make 
tlie  oiutmOnt  at  homo.  Take  a  (|uaitfir  of  a 
Iiound  of  laril,  melt  it,  and  thou  let  it  cool  oft  un¬ 
til  it  begun  to  tiiiokon  or  is  not  in  a  llnid  state ; 
then  stir  iu  one  oiinco  of  red  precipitate.  In 
bad  oases,  where  the  disease  is  in  the  licel  and 
upon  tho  leg.  Die  fiinlment  should  bo  applied 
ami  worked  in  by  Imlding  a  hot  iron  near  tlio 
affected  part.s.  Tlie  foot,  of  course,  should  bo 
cleaned  ’previous  to  tlie  apjilieation  by  washing 
well  with  soap  and  wfft  water.  Wlicn  tho  dis¬ 
ease  is  between  the  claws  and  tho  animal  is  frac¬ 
tions.  the  ointment  may  bo  rubbed  in  by  draw¬ 
ing  a  rtqie  thiougli  the  jiarts.  One  application, 
if  thorough,  will  genorally  effect  a  euro;  but  if 
all  the  ]iart8are  not  reached  by  one  application, 
apply  again  iu  48  hours. 
Wo  have  successfully  treated  foot  rot,  when 
between  tho  claws,  by  cle-auing  tho  parts  of  dirt 
and  washing  thoroughly,  then  while  tlie  jiarts 
ai’o  wot  applying  corrosive  subliinato  in  the  cen¬ 
ter  of  the  toot  between  tho  claws.  The  corro¬ 
sive  Biiblimato  is  reduced  to  a  powder  and  a 
quantity  that  can  be  raised  on  tlio  point  of  a 
pen-kuife  talien.  This  will  bo  sufficient  for  one 
application.  Tho  dauipnoss  of  the  paits  causes 
the  powder  to  adhere,  which  soon  produces  sup¬ 
puration. 
Foot  rot  should  be  treated  iu  the  eaiiy  stagc.i 
of  the  disease,  as  tho  animal  often  is  iu  great 
pain,  and  when  neglected,  not  uufrequently  be¬ 
comes  useless  for  milk  during  tho  remainder  of 
the  season.  One  canso  of  foot  rot,  it  has  been 
supposed,  is  from  allowing  animals  to  tramp  in 
wet,  muddv  places ;  hut  this  is  not  always  tho 
case,  as  wo  have  kiiosvn  it  to  occur  in  herds 
whore  tlio  pastures  were  dry  and  tho  animals 
never  allowed  to  go  Into  muddy  places.  It 
sometimes  is  very  bad,  running  through  tlio 
whole  lierd,  and-  prompt  monsnres  should  be 
taken  in  treating  tlie  disease  iu  its  eaiTiest 
stages. 
- »»» 
VERMONT  DAIRYMEN’S  ASSOCIATION. 
The  annual  meeting  of  the  Vermont  State 
Daiiynieii’s  Association  will  bo  held  at  the  Capi¬ 
tol,  Montpelier,  on  tho  2.')th  of  October.  X.  A. 
Wii.LXun  of  tho  lluiiAii  New-YThikkii  has  been 
engaged  to  give  tho  annual  address. 
The  meetings  of  tho  Vermont  Dairj  mon's  As¬ 
sociation  have  been  very  largely  attended,  and 
the  annual  session  at  Montpelier  will  bo  of  great 
interest. 
®l)c  liitiivalist, 
A  WORD  FOR  THE  SNAKES. 
Pekmit  mo  to  say  a  few  words  iu  behalf  of 
these  much  abused  animals.  Not  that  some  of 
them  do  not  merit  tlioir  abuse,  but  that  there 
arc  those  whicli  do  not  and  Uio  whole  class  should 
not  suffer  for  tlio  bud  qualitlos  of  a  part. 
Tlio  whole  class  docs,  however,  suffer  from 
this  cause,  aud  it  is  almost  iuipoM.sihle  to  find  a 
single  species  of  serpent  to  which  some  one  will 
not  imimto  venomous  qualities.  At  tlie  same 
time  it  is  an  established  fact  that  in  ovoiy  coun¬ 
try,  Australia  excepted,  nonveiiouioiis  serpents 
exceed  tho  venomous  in  numbers.  Moreover,  in 
all  troincal  countries  tho  venomous  snakes  oon- 
stituto  a  greater  proporlion  of  tho  entire  mimlx  r 
than  they  do  in  temperate  regions,  and  iu  our 
favored  laud,  ospceially  in  the  northern  statesj, 
such  as  New  York,  tho  proiwi  tioii  of  venomous 
Hiiakos  is  very  smull.  In  the  above  mentioned 
state  fifteen  species  of  snuUos  are  known :  on'y 
two  of  llieso,  the  Geppor-lieiul  and  Raltlc-smike, 
are  venomous  and  till  ir  bites  rarely  prove  fatal 
if  proper  remedies  arc  immediately  applied. 
This,  however,  is  often  impossible  and,  as  pre¬ 
vention  is  better  than  cure,  the  best  plan  to 
adopt  is  to  Iciirii  to  distinguish  the, so  species 
from  all  o. hers.  This  plan  I  believe  to  bo  fur 
hotter  than  tho  one  now  in  vogue,  especially 
among  ladies,  1  mean  the  custom  of  nmning 
away  with  screams  of  terror  at  the  sight  of  every 
snake,  lizard,  crooked  slick  or  otlicr  innocent 
object  which  a  fictiou-lruined  imagiiialiou  can 
convert  into  the  semblance  of  a  serpent. 
Another  undeserved  charge  i.-i  mado  against 
thc.se  croaliwes.  It  is  th at  of  viciousnos.s.  Hero 
again  a  quality  oharuclerlstio  of  tho  minority  is 
ascribed  to  tlie  whole  class.  Comparatively  few 
of  the  uou-vciiouious  snakes  aie  vicious  and 
many  of  the  venomous  sualces  do  not  possess 
this  quality :  thus,  our  northern  lUttlo-siiako  is 
not  at  all  vicious,  rarely  luting  unless  it  has  re¬ 
ceived  some  real  or  fancied  injury,  and  oven 
then  it  rarely  fails  to  give  warning  liy  soundiiig 
its  ominous  rattle.  In  Australia  there  is  a  snalio 
whicli,  t.hougli  venomous,  may  bo  taken  up  .and 
liuiidled  with  impunity,  as  it  is  so  gentle  by  na¬ 
ture  I  hat  the  idea  of  biting  never  sooms  to  enter 
its  head 
It  is  stated  that  snakes  do  a  groat  deal  of  harm 
by  destroying  toads,  frogs,  birds,  and  otlier  use¬ 
ful  animals.  Tliis,  I  regret  to  say,  cannot  be  de¬ 
nied  ;  but  that  is  no  excuse  for  overlooking  the 
fact  that  a  few  of  our  snakes  really  do  a  great 
deal  of  good  and  little  or  no  evil.  Such  arc  tho 
Grass-snake  and  Iting-suake,  tliat  subsist  upon 
worms,  slugs,  and  insects;  one  or  two  others 
also,  about  whoso  liabits  little  is  known,  are 
prohiilily  content  with  tho  same  humble  diet. 
Another,  tho  Bibbon-Knako,  chooses  a  more 
varied  bill  of  faro  now  dining  on  toad  or  frog, 
now  coiidoHccnding  to  imt  up  with  a  dinner  of 
largo  bugs  or  other  insects.  As  to  tho  larger 
serpents  that  live  on  bii’ds.  frogs,  etc.,  ovcntliey 
partly  atone  for  the  damage  done  in  killing  these 
u.seful  animals,  by  the  destruction  of  flcld-mico, 
moles,  cliipmuuks,  and  many  other  kinds  of 
small,  noxious  rodents  Uiat  infest  our  fields  and 
ganlons.  However,  only  tho  first  mentioned 
sjiecics ;  namely  tlioso  living  entirely  upon  in¬ 
sects,  can  bo  reckiiiiMl  among  tlie  farmer’s  real 
fiicuds,  and  coiiscqaoiilly  among  those  that  de¬ 
serve  cncounigeiiient  and  protection. 
Before  1  closo  1  must  say  a  few  words  for  a 
family  closely  related  to  snake  .  I  refer  to 
hzards.  Many  arc  in  total  ignorance  as  to 
whether  or  not  tlicy  arc  poisonous.  For  Uie 
benefit  of  sucli,  let  mo  say  that  there  is  not 
known  to  science  a  single  lizard  that  is  veno¬ 
mous,  all  are  as  harmless,  and  many  as  tractable 
as  kittens. 
Another  point,  concernuig  which  some  are 
equally  ignorant,  is  the  food  of  lizards.  Many 
1  are  unable  to  decide  satisfactorily,  when  they 
meet  with  a  lizard,  wlietlier  it  is  then*  duty  to 
kill  it  or  to  let  it  go.  Tjizards,  on  account  of  the 
structure  of  their  jaws,  cannot  swallow  large 
prey,  but  aro  heller  adapted  to  feed  upon  insects 
from  which  tliey,  ai  jiostcxcliisivoly,  derive  their 
sustoiiamxi  so  that  any  one  who  kills  a  liziu’d, 
instead  of  benefiting  ngricuUuro,  is  really  injur¬ 
ing  it.  By  all  means  encoimago  the  lizards. 
THE  BIRTH  OF  THE  FLY. 
Btr  Jonx Lurrock,  in  a  recent  paper  in  Natm-e, 
London,  describes  tlio  birth  of  a  May-fly  from  a 
full  grown  larva,  which,  having  observed  it  to  be 
in  a  glistening  condition,  he  caught  aud  put 
under  tho  microscope  iu  a  drop  of  water.  Very 
few  minutes  had  eliipsud  when  ho  liiid  the  satis¬ 
faction  of  seeing  tlio  thorax  open  along  tho 
middle  of  Uio  haclt ;  tho  two  sides  tm’ued  over ; 
the  insect  literally  walked  out  of  itself,  unfolded 
its  wings,  and  in  an  instant  How  up  to  the  win¬ 
dow.  Several  tiivio.s  slneo  ho  has  witnessed  this 
wonderful  metamorphosis,  and  it  is  extraordinary 
how  rapidly  it  takes  place.  From  tho  moment 
when  tho  skin  llrsl  criiek.s,  not  ten  seconds  aro 
over  before  the  insect  lias  llowii  away.  Like  tho 
ephemera),  dragon-flies,  at  first  dull,  brown, 
sluggish  and  ugly  larvio,  with  six  legs,  are  dovol- 
opod  ill  water.  Not  so  tho  ant-lion,  which  passes 
its  early  days  iu  dry  sand. 
SHEEP  FOR  ENRICHING  LAND. 
Tue  National  Ijive  Stock  Journal,  in  speaking 
of  tho  value  of  sheep  for  enriching  land,  says ; 
“  Some  fifty  years  ago  Anderson  said,  ‘  One 
thoiiHaiiil  slieep  folded  on  an  acre  of  ground  one 
day  would  manure  It  sufficiently  to  feed  one 
thousand  and  one  sheep ;  so  that  by  this  prow  sa 
land  which  the  first  year  can  feed  only  one  thou¬ 
sand  sheep,  may  tlie  next  yeai-,  as  a  result  cf 
their  own  dropiiings,  feed  thirteen  hundred  and 
sixty-five.’ 
••Sprciigel  allowed  that  Die  manure  of  fonr- 
teon  hundred  sheep  for  one  ilivy  is  equal  to  ma¬ 
nuring  higlily  one  acre  of  land,  which  is  about 
four  slieo|)  per  year.  Mechi,  a  still  more  recent 
aulliorlly,  estimate.^  that  fifteen  hundred  sheep 
folded  on  an  acre  of  hind  fur  twenty-four  hours, 
or  one  huiidrod  sheep  for  liftcon  flays,  would 
mimnro  tho  land  siilliciontly  to  carry  it  through 
four  years’  rotation.  In  tho  United  Staf  os  much 
lc.ss  attention  has  been  paid  to  this  item  of  profit 
to  bo  derived  from  lloelts.  Only  upon  the  poorer 
land,  and  then  only  from  tho  exceptionally  few 
close-observing  ami  oaleulating  men  do  wo  meet 
witli  any  notice  of  it  at  all.  Not  so  hi  England 
and  Eruiicc,  where  the  neoossitios  imposed  on 
the  density  of  poimlalioii  and  coiiseqiient  on- 
haucod  vaino  of  llic  land  c.ompol  recognition  of 
every  miiiutia  of  profit  by  tho  cultivator  of  tho 
soil.  Thoro  feeding  and  grazing  of  sheei)  enters 
into  a  system  of  rotation  with  invariablo  regu¬ 
larity.  Without  tho  shoep  of  England  to-day 
licr  agriculturo  would  bo  a  failure.  Tlieir  value 
to  English  agriculturo  is  to  bo  found  ir.  their 
inanuro.  Thougli  not  of  themselves  profitable, 
tlioy  mako  it  po.s8iblo  for  other  branches  of  ag- 
rionltiu’iil  industry  to  become  so. 
“  Prof.  Ooloinan  of  tlio  AgrioiUtural  College  at 
Circiiccsler  once  said,  •  It  i.s  not  difficult  to  show 
that  sheep  alone,  ajiart  from  tlicir  influence  on 
tho  corn  crops,  will  not  pay  a  living  jirofit  after 
all  the  expenses  of  growing  tho  crops  are  con¬ 
sidered.’ 
“M.  Thiers  says,  ‘The  agricultural  industry 
of  Franco  cannot  dispouse  with  sheep.’ 
“  Kcienco  has  lately  mado  tho  gum  washing 
from  fleeces  at  the  factories  contribute  to  the 
fertilization  of  soils.  Mr.  Hayes  tells  us  that 
the  French  clicniists,  MM.  Maumoiio  and  Rogo- 
lot,  have  establislietl  very  recently  at  tlio  great 
scats  of  tho  woolen  manufacture  in  Franco, 
as  at  UhoiinB  and  Elbeuf,  factories  for  putting 
tho  new  indu'itry  which  they  have  created  into 
jiractical  opcTation.  'They  induce  the  woolen 
manufacturers  to  presei’vo  and  sell  to  them  tho 
HolutiouH  of  yolk  obtained  by  the  washing  of  tho 
raw  fleeces  iu  cold  water,  and  pay  such  a  price 
as  oiioouragos  tlio  manufacturers  to  wash  thoir 
wool  mothfslically,  so  as  to  enrich  the  same 
water  with  tho  yolk  of  a  number  of  fieoce.s. 
These  ecourings  tho  chemists  carry  to  their  fac¬ 
tory  and  thoro  boil  them  down  to  a  dry,  carhoii- 
acoous  residuum.  Tho  alkaline  salts  remain  in 
tho  charred  rosiduuni,  aud  are  extracted  by  lixi- 
viatiou  witli  water.  Tho  most  important  of  tho 
alkalies  obtained  is  potash,  which  is  recovered  in 
a  state  of  great  purity.  It  is  compiitod  that  if 
the  floccos  of  all  tho  sheep  of  France,  estimated 
at  49,000,000,  were  subjected  to  tho  now  treat¬ 
ment,  France  would  derive  from  tliis  source 
alone  all  the  potash  she  requires  in  tho  arts— 
enough  to  make  about  12.000  tons  of  comniercia' 
carhonate  potash,  convertible  into  17,500  tons 
of  saltiieter,  wliich  would  charge  1,870,000  car¬ 
tridges.” 
