V  |-rj. 
THE  RyBAL  WEW-YORKER. 
m^.  4s 
THE  CULTIVATION  OF  PLUMS, 
A  oonnKsvoNDENT  of  the  Agricultural  Ga¬ 
zette  (Mug  )  in  writing  of  the  cultivation  of 
pluimi,  gives  his  cxi>cricnoe  as  regards  the  cul¬ 
ture  and  value  of  certain  varieties  which  we  think 
is  similar  to  that  of  many  of  the  iiioiit  extensive 
cultivators  of  this  fruit  in  the  United  Btates : 
The  phun,  like  many  others  of  our  hardy  fruits, 
is  a  tree  tliat  will  make  a  great  amount  of 
growth,  and  become,  in  a  tneasure,  bivrron  for 
the  want  Of  restriction,  Hut  it  can  also  Ikj  inwle 
abundantly  fruitful,  even  i>J  a  small  and  young 
state,  y'ouDg  trees  bought  from  a  nm-scry 
and  planted  against  walls  with  an  cast  or  we»t 
aspect,  and  in  a  soil  of  a  aomewbat  strong 
nature,  will  make  a  gi-eat  amount  of  wood  in  Ibe 
form  of  shoots,  sometimoa  a  yard  long,  as  we 
have  experienced;  and  even  when  grown  as 
pyramids,  and  in  the  bush  form,  wo  have  had 
them  muito  shoots  as  long,  and  they  have  gone 
on  for  soveral  years  making  an  abundance  of 
growtli,  but  alTording  us  uo  fruit. 
Ill  the  autumn  of  1874  we  had  soveTal  trees 
growing  against  the  walls  in  our  garden  which 
had  been  planted  flvo  or  six  years  jireviouBly,  and 
they  iiad  lioen  carefully  traincsl  and  pruned,  but 
never  carried  a  single  fruit.  We  made  an  attempt 
to  root-prune  them  by  simply  digging  a  deep 
trench  2  feet  six  inches  from  the  stem,  which 
formed  a  half  circle  around  the  trees.  We 
severed  many  lai'ge  gross  growing  roots,  and 
where  wo  cut  them  off  we  were  careful  to  mako 
a  clean  cut  witli  a  sharp  knife.  After  wo  biul  so 
treated  them  wo  tilled  in  the  trench,  well  tread¬ 
ing  the  same,  hut  we  left  one  tree  to  ascertain  if 
there  would  he  any  difference  between  them  in 
the  coming  year  of  1875.  When  that  year  came 
we  had  no  frnit  on  thoin,  but  they  did  not  mako 
so  much  wood  as  heretofore,  but  formed  a 
number  of  spurs  all  over  the  trees,  which  were 
covered  wKh  buds,  and  when  the  past  spring  ar¬ 
rived  these  proved  to  be  flower-buds.  Still,  wo 
considered  that  we  bad  scarcely  done  enough  to 
them  in  our  root-pruning,  so  we  resolved  to  lift 
them  entirely,  and  plant  again  in  the  exact 
places  they  occu)ued.  The  one  tree  we  left  nn- 
pruiied  wo  lifted  also :  it  was  an  Ickworth  Im- 
peratrico,  but  we  left  one  of  those  that  had  been 
root-pruned  unlifted;  this  was  tl^e  Goliath. 
And  now  wo  come  to  the  results. 
We  have  had  durmg  the  preseut  year  a 
splendid  lot  of  plums,  both  for  the  dessert  and 
also  for  tarts,  but  the  Goliath,  which  had  been 
root-pruned  only,  carried  double  the  ci’op  tlioae 
trees  did,  whicli  had  been  lifted  the  year  after 
root-pruning,  h>it  om-  Ickworth  Imperatrico 
never  carried  one  fniit  for  ns  to  prove  its  iden¬ 
tity;  but  no  doubt  it  will  another  season,  as  it, 
too,  is  now  forming  apm-s,  and  lias  made  less 
growth  this  year.  The  trees  that  wore  lifted 
last  autumn  have  made  but  bttle  wood,  but 
carri('d  nice  crops  ;  they  consisted  of  Greengage, 
one  of  ilio  very  best ;  AVashiugton,  a  veiy  large 
oval,  yellow  fruit;  Jefferson,  also  a  large  yellow, 
and  very  rich  plum;  mid  the  Goliath  before 
mentioned,  which  is  also  a  large  fniit  of  a  deep 
rod  color,  with  a  splendid  hlocm  upon  it.  that 
adds  to  its  beauty. 
Young  trees  of  Pond’s  Seedling,  planted  two 
years  ago,  have  canned  nice  medium  crops. 
The  inference  gained  is  to  root-prune  all  gross- 
growing  unfruitful  ti'eeo.  Wo  proved  the  good 
of  it  yeai’s  ago  in  the  teeatment  of  apples,  pears, 
and  even  figs,  besides  plums,  aud  there  is  uo  bet¬ 
ter  time  of  the  year  for  performing  the  same 
than  the  month  of  October.  The  great  art  of 
fruitegrowiiig  is  to  so  mauage  our  trees  that  they 
shall  possess  suflicient  rigor  to  produce  fruit  of 
good  quality,  but  not  to  overgrow  that  limit,  by 
making  good  growth  at  the  expense  of  a  crop  of 
fruit. 
-  - ♦ 
FKUIT  IN  TEXAS, 
We  must  look  abroad  to  find  out  what  is  going 
on  at  homo.  A  writer  in  Texas  communicates 
the  following  interesting  items  to  the  Gardeners 
Chronicle  of  London: 
Pears.^ — Southern  Texas  cannot  be  boasted  of 
as  a  Pear  country,  still  first-rate  Pears,  aud 
heavy  crops  of  them,  too,  are  produced  all  over 
the  State.  In  the  northern  half  of  the  State  I 
have  seen  these  trues  as  heavily  laden  witli  fruit 
as  I  over  saw  Victoria  Plum  trees  in  Mr.  Lancer's 
market  garden  at  Chiswick — yes,  in  Philip  Un¬ 
ger’s  garden  at  Pale.stine  it  was  hardly  possible  to 
get  near  his  trees  of  Flemish  Beauty  on  account  of 
the  fence-rail  props  that  supported  the  groaning 
branches.  Pctir  trees  being  expensive  and  slow- 
growing  at  first,  as  well  as  taking  some  years 
after  planting  to  fruit  freely,  the  farmers  liecome 
discouraged,  and  the  trees  are  often  neglected  in 
consequence,  hut  I  am  confident  there  is  a  great 
future  for  Pears  in  Texas.  Duches-so  d’Angou- 
leme  is  the  best  of  all  Pears  for  Texas,  but  the 
following  have  also  been  thoroughly  tested 
and  found  most  satisfactory: — Doyeouo  d'Ete 
and  Madeleine,  ripening  from  mid-May  to  mid- 
June,  and  succeeded  by  Brandy  Wine,  Clapp’s 
Favorite,  BasUett.  Boiure  Ooubalt,  Howell, 
Flemish  Beauty,  Belle  lucrative,  Los  Nonues, 
Beurre  Giffard,  Steven's  Gennesflce,  Beurre 
d'Anjon,  St.  Michael  Archangel,  liawrence,  and 
Bourre  Glairgeau. 
Almut  as  many  standards  as  dwarfs  arc  grown, 
but  the  raising  of  young  I‘ear  trees  is  rather  un¬ 
certain  ;  besides,  wo  don't  got  that  luxuriant 
growth  j'ightaway  as  is  the  case  in  the  Northern 
States.  French  I’ear-stocks  we  u  se  for  standards . 
aud  Augers  Quinces  for  dwarfs.  Wo  bud  in 
Septomber  and  graft  in  winter.  In  both  cases 
the  stocks  are  at  least  one  year  undisturbed  prior 
to  working.  We  never  lift  Pear  stocks  as  we  do 
Apples  to  graft  them.  Grafting  or  budding  by 
contract  Is  worth  5  dols.  per  1000,  Apple  roots 
arc  BOinetlmos  used  for  Pears,  but  although  they 
are  productive  of  groBs  growth  they  bo  persist¬ 
ently  hear  suckerH  that  they  are  a  groat  nuisance, 
and  on  them  the  Pear  is  shortlived. 
MY  CENTENNIAL  ORCHAED-HO'W  I 
PLANTED  IT. 
i  ♦ 
I  HAVE  just  finished,  November  8th,  planting 
an  orchard,  ten  acres  in  extent,  of  Baldwin 
apple  trees.  And  this  is  the  way  I  have  done  it. 
Iti  tlio  first  place  I  laid  out  the  ground  care¬ 
fully,  setting  a  short  stake  exactly  where  each 
tree  was  to  stand.  Blokes  two  rods  apart  each 
way.  Two  men,  provided  with  spades,  a  basket 
of  small  pcg.s  six  or  eight  inches  long,  aud  a 
board  about  two  inches  wide  aud  four  feet 
long,  ha>’ing  notches  on  one  side,  a  half  inch 
bole  near  one  end,  one  at  the  center,  and 
one  near  the  other  end.  dug  the  holes.  The 
holes  were  dug  about  fifteen  inches  deep,  the 
top  soil,  wliich  is  clay-loam,  being  thrown  to¬ 
gether  on  one  side  and  the  subsoil  on  the  other. 
Fine  top-soil  was  then  thrown  into  Uie  bottom 
of  the  holes  to  the  depth  of  six  indies,  and  tlior- 
onghly  mixed  wnth  a  shovel  full  of  fertilizer, 
composed  of  superphoBphato,  ashes  and  muck, 
equal  parts. 
When  the  boles  wore  ready,  the  trees,  thrifty 
four-yoar-olds,  six  to  eight  feet  liigh,  were  care¬ 
fully  dug  from  the  nimsery  rows  with  the  least 
jwiRsiblo  injury  to  the  roots,  broken  rootB  were  cut 
oir  smooth  as  well  as  all  the  side  branches,  leavuig 
the  body  a  single  straight  stem.  The  trees  were 
immediately  heeled  in,  and  the  roots  thus 
kept  moist.  A  boy  took  two  or  three  treoa  only 
at  a  time  directly  from  the  pit  to  the  men  as 
they  planted  them.  By  the  aid  of  the  abovo- 
menlioned  board  and  pegs  the  trees  were  .set 
exactly  where  the  stakes  stood  licforc  the  holes 
wore  dug.  Tlie  holes  wore  filled  with  fine  soil 
which  was  trodden  firmly  upon  the  roots,  and  the 
work  was  finished  by  throwing  up  a  mound  ten 
inches  high  around  each  tree  as  a  protection 
against  mice  and  the  force  of  the  wind.  It  is 
my  intention  to  put  a  liberal  quantity  of  half- 
rolled  manure  around  each  tree,  after  the  ground 
freezes.  c-  n-i>- 
Warsaw,  N.  Y. 
- - - 
SINGULAR  FACT  FOR  MR.  DARWIN. 
“Is  agwdenat  Billancourt,  the  property  of 
M.  Carlin,  locksmith,  may  be  seen  at  the  present 
moment  an  Ajiplc  tree  loaded  with  fruit.  There 
is  nothing  extraordinai'y  in  tliiB,  but  the  stock  of 
the  tree  Cherry,  on  which  has  been  grafted  the 
Apple,  a  species  of  Golden  Pippin.  T'ho  fruit 
precisely  resembles  Cherries,  the  same  stem,  the 
same  size,  the  same  foi‘m,  and  nearly  the  same 
color ;  but  its  taste  is  that  of  an  Apple,  and  it 
contains  pips  instead  of  stones.  Specimens  of 
this  botanic  jihenomonou  were  yesterday  sub¬ 
mitted  to  our  insiiection.  It  must  bo  a  real 
curiosity,  fori;  is  generally  thought  impossible 
to  gi'af  t  a  pip-bearing  fruit  on  the  stock  of  a  ti'ee- 
beariug  stone  fruit."— Bwtepcfwiance  Beige. 
We  hope  Mr.  Labwin  will  go  and  see  that  tree 
aud  let  us  know  what  he  thinks  of  it. 
NORTH  CAROLINA  STATE  FAIRS. 
The  North  Carolina  State  Fair  at  Raleigh, 
commencing  on  Oct.  17,  was  favored  during  the 
entire  four  days  of  its  existence  with  the  most 
delightful  weather.  This,  with  the  free  transit 
afforded  by  the  railroads  of  the  State  to  arti¬ 
cles  for  exhibition,  as  well  as  the  fact  tliat 
less  than  one-third  the  usual  rates  were  charged 
for  passengers,  combined  with  the  unceaB- 
ing  efforts  of  the  officers  of  the  Society  to 
make  the  Fair  pleasant,  ought  to  have  called 
out  a  larger  exWbit  of  the  varied  products 
of  the  “  Old  North  State  "  than  that  displayed. 
Being  a  Northeni  man  seeking  a  homo  hi  this 
State,  I  visited  the  Fail*  for  the  purpose  of  learn¬ 
ing  where  aud  by  whom  the  best  crops  and  speci¬ 
mens  of  grain,  vegetables,  fruits,  etc.,  were 
produced ;  also,  where  the  best  stock  breeders 
were  located— ail  these  eonsideratlona  having  an 
influence  on  my  selection  of  a  home.  My  ob¬ 
ject,  however,  was  but  imperfectly  realized,  as, 
under  the  mistaken  idea  that  it  might  influence 
the  committees  in  making  their  awards,  not  a 
single  card  had  the  exhibitor’s  name  on  it. 
In  the  Maciiinery  Department  there  were 
throe  small  steam  engines  and  a  general  assort- 
iiient  of  agricultural  machiner>%  but  with  the 
exception  of  plows  there  was  not  much  compe¬ 
tition,  there  being,  in  most  cases,  but  one  or  two 
niaohinos  or  implements  adapted  to  the  same 
work.  One  wing  of  the  main  ball  was  well  filled 
with  buggies  and  carriages  of  bomo  manufac¬ 
ture.  aud  small  tools,  stoves  and  furniture. 
Fruit  was  exhibited  by  only  three  persons,  and 
except  apploH,  of  which  there  were  many  fine 
B])ecimcnR,  there  were  but  three  quinces  and  a 
small  package  of  wild  graisis.  The  Dairy  was 
represented  by  three  samples  of  butter  and  three 
of  cheese.  A  light  display  of  very  fine  vegeta¬ 
bles  filled,  or  nearly  so,  one  side  of  the  eaBtcrn 
wing,  or  corn,  wheat,  ryo,  oats  and  iieas,  good 
as  to  quality,  but  eleven  samples  were  to  be 
seen.  Sowing  -  maebinoB,  lari  -  quilts,  needle¬ 
work,  fancy-work,  photographic  aud  other  pict¬ 
ures,  works  of  art,  curioHitics,  etc.,  were  in  full 
force.  Of  poultry  tliere  were  about  125  coops. 
One-half  of  the  birds  were  quite  inferior,  one- 
quarter  fair,  while  the  remainder  were  really 
fine  birds  and  a  credit  to  their  owners,  whoever 
they  are.  and  wherever  tliey  live.  One  T.ong- 
nose.  or  I’iney,  as  they  are  called,  one  FiSsox 
boar  and  a  few  pens  of  Rerksliircs  comprised 
the  show  of  piga,  all  of  which  wore  good,  tlie 
best  being  a  pair  presented  to  the  Society,  as  a 
special  premium,  by  the  Oneida  Commiuiity — so 
read  a  card  on  the  pen.  Next  in  the  row  were 
the  sheep,  comprising  one  pair  of  fair  Leices- 
ters.  another  of  better  Soutlidowns,  three  or  four 
more  of  no  particular  breed  or  special  merit; 
then  four  Cashmere  goats.  After  these  some 
twenty  cattle,  mostly  natives  and  grades,  a  few 
good  Jerseys,  a  few  good  Short-Homs  and  two 
good  Devons. 
On  the  whole,  the  show  was  a  creditable  one 
as  to  quality,  but  meager  as  to  quantity,  com¬ 
pared  with  what  it  should  have  been.  Lot  mo 
say  a  word  to  the  farmers  of  North  Carolina : 
Don’t  lot  another  Fair  pass  by  without  lending  a 
helping  hand,  and  see  to  it  that  every  exhibitor  s 
name  is  attacliod  to  the  animal  or  article  cxhili- 
ited.  Half  Hie  pleasure  of  seeing  a  fine  animal 
or  a  big  beet  is  taken  away  when  wo  are  unable 
to  learn  whether  it  was  grown  on  the  shore  of 
Pamlico  Sound,  or  on  tho  top  of  .Afount  Mitchell. 
By  tho  way,  when  I  loft  on  the  evening  of  the 
second  day,  the  Treasurer  assured  me  of  the 
financial  success  of  tho  Fair,  although  the  at¬ 
tendance  BO  far  seemed  light.  M.  B.  Puixce. 
Ridgeway,  N.  C.,  Oef  21,  ISTC. 
aiiti  llsrful. 
PHRENOLOGY.  ‘ 
The  publication  of  a  new  Centennial  edition  of 
the  writings  of  Georok  Combe,  by  S.  K.  AVeliji 
&  Co.,  tho  well-known  publishers  of  works  on 
mental  science,  seems  to  have  awakened  a  new 
interest  in  Phrenology,  of  which  Mr.  Combe  was, 
at  an  early  day,  an  able  defender,  expounder  and 
promulgator. 
The  founder  of  Phrenology  was  Dr.  Francis 
Joseph  Gaix,  a  German,  born  in  Wurteuibiu-g 
in  1758.  'WheH  only  nine  years  old  his  attention 
was  called  to  the  fact  that  all  his  school  ooni  pan- 
ions  who  had  proiniuent  eyes  had  correspond¬ 
ingly  good  memorj'  for  words,  and  by  degrees  he 
oanie  to  learn  that  the  cei-tain  forms  of  heads 
were  always  found  with  peculiar  characteristics, 
either  mental  or  moral.  Being  afterwards  edu¬ 
cated  as  a  physician,  he  gave  great  attention  to 
anatomy,  particularly  of  tlie  hraiii.  He  disputed 
the  theory  of  those  who  had  variously  located 
the  seat  of  the  soul,  or  mind,  in  the  heart,  stom¬ 
ach  or  other  parts  of  tho  body,  aud  after  many 
years  of  study  and  careful  observation,  declared 
as  a  fact,  susceptible  of  proof,  that  tho  mind 
manifested  itself  tlu’ough  the  brain.  “  This," 
said  he,  "is  truth,  though  at  enmity  with  the 
philosophy  of  ages." 
Continued  study  and  experiment  with  the 
brains  of  both  man  apd  animals  satisfied  him 
that  not  onlv  was  the  brain  the  prgan  pf  the 
mind,  bnt  that  different  portions  of  the  brain 
w’ere  acted  upon  by  different  mental  faculties, 
and  that  tho  oxtei-ior  surface  of  tlie  skull  was 
generally  an  index  to  tho  form  of  the  brain  bo- 
neatli.  Aftei’  he  had  located,  not  without  some 
errors,  about  twenty  of  the  principal  faculties, 
he  began,  in  1790.  to  lecture  in  Vienna  on  the 
subject,  and  was  mot,  as  most  advocates  of  any 
new  ideas  are  likely  to  be,  with  opposition,  scorn 
and  derision,  and  in  1802  ho  was  dirocled  by  tbo 
Austrian  GOYoruiuent  to  refrain  from  teachings 
•  A  System  of  Plirenologr.  by  Geo.  Comob.  [Cloth : 
kSnio,— iV  «1.C0.]  New  York  :.S.  K.  WeUs  &Co. 
Lectures  oji  Phyeuolcvy,  includiujf  its  application  to 
the  present  aod^P'rosiieotive  conditiou  oi  the  United 
States.  By  Geo.  Combe,  Esa  .  with  notes,  an  iutro- 
auetury  esKay  and  hdsiorieal  sketch  by  Andrew 
Board  MAX.  P.  (Cloth;  i2mo.-pp.W  New 
York;  S.R.  Wells  lit  Co.  ' 
so  much  at  variance  with  preconceived  ideas,  .and, 
as  the  Church  believed,  so  dangerous  to  religion. 
Ill  1800.  came  to  bini  as  a  student.  Joii.s  Gas¬ 
per  SPunzHEiM,  wlio  soon  became  strotigly  con¬ 
vinced  of  the  soundnoHS  of  Gall's  conclusions, 
and  in  1804  they  became  associated  in  their  La¬ 
bors.  SptmzuEj.v  was  well  calcnlated  to  carry 
tonvard  what  Gai.i.  had  bo  well  begun.  His 
skill  as  an  anatomist  was  suiairior,  and  bis  inves- 
tiga'.  ions  of  the  brain  unveiled  much  that  have 
before  been  bidden.  Ho  discovered  and  cor¬ 
rected  some  of  the  errors  O.tLL  bad  made,  and 
locabri  several  new  organs.  Indeed  his  ser¬ 
vices  in  the  work  were  such  as  to  give  him  rank, 
second  only  to  Gall,  while  many  have  been 
willing  to  accord  him  greater  honor.  Tlie  truth  is, 
each  complimented  tiic  other,  and  alone  neither 
could  have  aceoniiilishod  what  their  joint  labor 
enabled  them  to  do. 
In  1816,  SpunzuEiM  vi.sited  England.  The 
estimation  in  which  Blircnology  was  held  there 
may  bo  inferred  from  the  fact  that  such  publi¬ 
cations  as  tho  Edinbnrgh  neviow^and  Blackwood's 
Magazine  spoke  of  it  as  “tiiorough  quackoy 
from  beginning  to  end :’’  ‘‘  a  collection  of  mere 
absurdities  without  truth,  connection  or  consis¬ 
tency;"  "  tlieso  infernal  idiots,  the  Bhrenolo- 
gists."  Dr.  GoRiMiN,  of  Edinlnugh,  wrote  an 
articlo  against  it,  in  which  he  seemed  to  exhaust 
tlio  language  to  find  abusive  epithets.  SpunZi 
ULUi  imnieiiiately  wont  to  Edinburgh,  and,  in 
the  presence  of  several  bundl  ed  of  Dr.  Gordon's 
students,  proved  the  falsity  of  his  assertions,  ho 
far  as  tlie  eonstniotion  of  tho  brain  was  con¬ 
cerned,  by  dissecting  one  in  their  presence. 
Among  the  attendants  at  hislectnroB  tliere  was 
Georok  Combe,  a  lawyer,  who  had  studied  care¬ 
fully  the  various  systoms  of  iiiontal  philosophy, 
only  to  bo  convinced  tliat  they  were  founded  lii 
onor.  The  position  taken  bySi-uuzuEJM  seemed 
to  him  to  be  roasoiuilile,  and  iio  concluded  to 
give  the  matter  a  thorough  investigation,  be¬ 
lieving  that  tlie  general  reception  of  phreno¬ 
logical  ideas  wtmld  create  a  revolution  in  mental 
science,  aud  prove  of  untold  advantage  to  the 
human  raco  by  giving,  as  it  would,  a  sure  foun¬ 
dation  on  which  to  base  all  laws,  particularly 
those  relating  to  crinies  and  punisliinetits. 
Mr.  Combe  soon  becauio  strongly  convinced  of 
the  truths  of  Phrenology,  aud  gave,  thereafter, 
tho  whole  power  of  bis  intellect  in  its  supjiort. 
la  1818  he  contributed  a  sorioB  of  papers  on  tlie 
subject  to  Literary  and  .Statistical  Magazine  for 
Scotland,  which  were  afterward  published  in  a 
separate  volume,  entitled,  "  lissays  on  Phrenol¬ 
ogy,”  A  sccoud  eciitioii  being  called  for,  it  was 
revised  and  published  under  tho  name ;  “  Sys¬ 
tem  of  I’lireiiology.  ’  This  [laBscd  tlirongh  many 
editions  aud  now'  ranks  ns  one  of  tho  standard 
works  on  tbo  science,  allliough  coutaLnlng  many 
statements  which,  in  the  liglit  of  later  investiga¬ 
tors,  appeared  erroneous,  or  at  least  not  com¬ 
plete. 
In  1838  Combe  visited  America,  giving 
lectures  in  New  York,  Boston,  and  Philadelphia. 
The  American  public  were  in  a  measure  prepared 
for  his  teachings,  as  tlie  works  of  Gall  and 
SruBZirm.M,  as  well  as  his  own  System  of  Pliru- 
uology  and  Constitution  of  man,  had  been  intro¬ 
duced  and  carefully  read  by  many  thinking 
IKioplo.  Besides,  as  early  as  1834,  the  broUiers 
O.  S.  and  L.  N.  Fowler  had  commeiioed  lectures 
on  the  subject,  and  hod  to  a  considerable  extent 
awaked  discusidou  as  to  tho  truth  of  their  teach¬ 
ings,  exciting  the  hitter  hostility  of  lUo  religious 
world,  by  whom  they  wei'e  designated  as  materl- 
aUslic,  atheistic,  aud  infidel. 
But  those  days  are  long  past,  and  now, 
although  there  is  not  a  universal  content  to  ul| 
that  is  claimed  for  I’lirenology,  its  loading  ideas 
are  not  disputed  by  the  press,  pulpit,  or  people. 
There  ai’C  but  few  who  do  not  admit  its  general 
principles  and  acknowledge  its  superiority  to  any 
other  system  of  mental  pliiloBophy  ever  taught. 
Some  who  do  not  dispute  that  tho  hrani  is  tlie 
organ  of  tlie  mind,  doubt  if  it  can  be  so  mapped 
out  as  to  show  the  location  of  faculty,  while 
others,  adnutting  all  that  is  claimed  fqr  It  in 
theory,  boliovo  that  there  oje  serious  obataeleB 
in  the  way  of  its  practical  utility.  Bnt  as  a  rule 
it  may  be  said  the  scicneo  is  now  most  Btiougly 
opposed  to  thoBe  who  know  least  about  it.  Tlw 
Pbrenologists  of  the  present  day  claim  that 
w’hile  tho  system  is  not  entirely  complete  or 
perfect,  it  demands  and  deserves  the  acceptance 
of  the  public  in  so  far  as  its  claims  are  supported 
by  proof,  and  they  advance  certain  principles  as 
being  firmly  oBtablisbed,  among  which  are  these: 
Tlie  brain  is  tho  organ  of  the  mind;  eaclifaci]!' 
ty  of  tho  mind  has  its  separate  or  special  organ  in 
the  brain ;  organs  related  to  each  other  in  func¬ 
tions  are  grouped  together  in  the  brain;  size, 
other  things  being  equal,  is  tho  measure  of 
power ;  tlie  jibysiological  conditions  of  the  body 
affect  mental  manifestation ;  any  faculty  may  be 
improved  by  coltivation,  and  may  deteriorate  by 
neglect;  every  faculty  is  normally  good,  but 
liable  to  perversion. 
- - 
ANCIENT  HINDOO  MEDICINE. 
Thomas  A.  Wise,  M.  D.,  late  of  the  Medical 
Staff  of  the  Bombay  Anny,  has  furnished  to  the 
