^364  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER.  BEO.  2 
TABLE  OF  OOHTENTS. 
PBAfTICAIi  DEPABTMItXTS 
f’holen  Rrepil*  nf  .  3S7 
Centennial  Ponitry  Show .  367 
Oiiertes  shnnt  Poultry . 353 
Boiiirinx  Mirturo. . . HSR 
Ci'ntregtlon . V.W 
niirbani  Pi>wi1er»  for  Fowl* . S-SB 
Rnifllxh  Chro«e  Hhovra  The . S.Afi 
Ootn*  Into  Winter  Quertere . AW 
Ilrltl'h  Dairy  Fnrmem'  Aaeorlntlon . 3“* 
P  rn*l*»o  lAinit  D!ae!i«e  In  Calve* .  363 
Ciitl'e  DUnaao*  In  tlie  Kaet . . .  ...........  3Wi 
Do  Jtor»o«  Iteaaon?  . AtO 
Srirni'thlnir  about  the  Suction  Pipe .  .AW 
A  I'hniToron  .  AW 
Kxoellent  Intcre't  Itnlea. . .AW 
A  New  Traction  Motor . AW 
Wstoliea . afift 
ITome  niintl  Corn  ^heller .  !W1 
iTOplenieoi  Trial*  In  ficotlnnO .  SflO 
The  Croon  Prolific  Cucumber . !Wfl 
Carler’e  fjrrcn  Caoe  Tomato .  3«l 
Crape.Tinca  in  Winter .  »•! 
rfrectaor  trr'K«tlon .  Efil 
Fwlnplmr  Riancheon* . .Wl 
Declrtiioiia  ‘^hnib*  forTIedKCB .  .V.I 
Terflnit  F^irmt  Tr-e  Seed* .  ?i51 
An  Imnnrtant  Dedulon . ARI 
The  Conlinenlal  lAfe  nnd  the  In*.  Dept . .W 
piiBKOBtlon* . ,V1? 
Docitirlnp  Plniitg..,,  .  fl’W 
Ml«ee|i|inen .  .  ;«!? 
FxehnnffO . .1112 
H  ilf-Sweel  and  Half-Sour  Apples. tWi 
The  Pliineo  Pear  Airain .  36? 
Proteetlon  aRalpst  Riibblt* .  3(12 
Conference  on  tlin  (imsshoppoi'  SconrKe... .  Sfl? 
Reeipe*.  . . .  .  3rt3 
ConeernlrrB  f*lmple*-No.  2.".!!!'.'.!.’.'.!’...!.'.!.!!!  3ft8 
Wool  Next  the  .Rkln  .  .  .  .  .3«l 
Food  for  De.iin  Women .  363 
KDITOIIIAT,  PAGK: 
Poiillry  On  the  Farm .  ....  364 
Worklnc  Ac»iln*tthe  Farmer . 364 
Note*-  lirevIlieB .  3rt4 
l-fTTRAIiy  ; 
’’"‘'‘  '■y . 365.  m.  .367 
Story . . . . . '  36.3 
Recent  I.llaraturc . . !!.!!!!!!.'.'!!  '!!  ’  366 
Habbnlh  R(‘iidlni/  .  . .  ,366 
I-adlea’  Portfolio  . . 367 
Readlntr  for  f  lie  VounK .  367 
Publlabcr*’  Notice* . 36R 
New*  of  the  Week..  . .  saa 
Market* .  «»(. 
Per»otml* . ....i .".'I '  37n 
An.*wer«  to  Corre*pon(lent».!'.‘..,“!"] . 371 
Hiimorou* .  3^2 
Advertisements . 
THE 
RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
PUJIMSHED  EVERT  SATURDAY. 
ANDREW  S.  FULLER,  Editor. 
ELBERT  8.  CARMAN,  -  -  Associate  Editor, 
X,  A.  WILLARD,  A.  M.,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y., 
KnrroB  or  thx  DxrtaTMRNT  nr  Dxirt  Ht)**tnnBT. 
O.  A.  C.  BAKNKTT,  PiibllMher. 
Address 
RURAL  PUBLISHING  CO., 
78  Duane  Street,  New  York  City. 
SATURDAY,  DEC.  2,  1876. 
FOULTET  ON  THE  FAEM. 
lyitJCH  rooui  aa  Oiore  may  be  for  doubt 
in  regal'd  to  the  profits  derived  from  poul¬ 
try  rtiiaiug  Avhen  eoudneted  on  au  extended 
scale,  we  tbiuk  few  will  question  the  prof¬ 
itableness  of  a  few  fowls  wlien  kept  on 
the  fia’in.  Their  food,  in  great  pai't,  is 
made  u]i  of  gleanings  of  the  fields,  nox¬ 
ious  insects  and  ivaste  materials  from  the 
kitchen.  It  is  true,  that  when  loo  large 
a  number  of  fowls  are  kept  on  the  farm, 
tliey  may  draw  too  heavily  upon  the  grain 
in  the  field  or  vegetables  in  the  garden  ; 
but,  the  thousauds  of  uoxions  insficts 
Be.ratohed  up  and  picked  off  from  the 
plants  must  bo  phwjed  to  their  credit, 
which,  in  many  instances,  would  more 
than  balance  what  could  rightfully  be 
charged  to  the  damage  account.  But  a 
fai'm  without  fowls  would  leave  the  farm¬ 
er’s  table  barren  of  fresh  eggs,  broiled 
chickens,  and  many  other  articles  wliich 
ore  almost  an  indispensable  adjunct  to 
farm  life  and  good  living  everywhere ; 
consequently,  we  look  upon  thti  birds 
bringing  snob  luxuries  as  worthy  of  the 
highest  consideration  in  our  domestic 
economy.  In  addition  to  the  usofuluoss 
of  domestic  fowls,  they  should  also  rank 
high  among  the  omameiitHl  surroundings 
of  a  country  home  ;  for  we  can  imagine 
nothing  more  beautiful  than  n  flock  of 
some  of  the  pure  breeds  roaming  over 
lawn  or  field,  or  floating  upon  the  surface 
of  some  sheet  of  water  during  the  day, 
then  flying  or  trudging  homo  at  nightfall 
for  their  supper.  It  may  be  that  there 
are  men  to  whom  this  ornamental  view  of 
the  subject  will  appear  more  scntimeutal 
than  practiciJ,  but  it  is  just  as  legitimate 
and  importaut  as  the  admiration  of  beau¬ 
tiful  fruit,  flowers  or  pictures,  and  the 
one  who  can  take  such  a  view  of  the  rais¬ 
ing  of  fine  poultry,  has  the  advantage  of 
the  one  who  cannot,  for  he  adds  to  his 
ploRHures  thereby. 
We  notie.e  that  there  is  a  tendency  of 
late  to  breed  for  beauty  among  our  poul¬ 
try  fanciers,  and  it  should  be  rather  en¬ 
couraged  than  otherwise,  for  it  is  a  notable 
fact  that  the  mind  must  be  attracted 
through  the  eye  before  it  will  commence 
to  investigate.  Believing  that  poultry 
keeping  in  all  its  branches  is  an  import¬ 
ant  industry,  it  has  rec/tsivcd  special  at¬ 
tention  in  the  wlumns  of  the  Rubal 
Nbw- Yorker  for  several  years,  and  we 
propose  not  only  to  continue  it  in  the 
future,  but  to  engage  the  best  talent  ob¬ 
tainable  in  conducting  tin's  department. 
We  have  at  the  present  time  among  our 
regular  contributors,  several  of  the  most 
seientifio  and  successful  breeders  of  choice 
poultry  known  in  this  country  ;  and  the 
renders  of  the  Rttratj  may  rent  assured 
that  whatever  may  transjiiro  of  interest  to 
tliem  in  mgard  to  this  constantly -increas¬ 
ing  industry  will  aiqiear  iu  its  columns  ; 
for  it  is  our  aim  to  make  this  paper 
an  authority  on  all  subjects  relating  to 
rural  life. 
WOEKING  AGAINST  THE  FAEMEE. 
It  has  become  quite  the  fashion  of  ]at« 
among  a  certain  class  of  periodicals  which 
depend  largely  upon  a  country  circulation 
for  support,  to  tel)  the  farmer  that  men 
engaged  in  other  professions  or  industries 
are  his  most  implacable  enemies.  This, 
of  course,  is  in  unison  with  the  oft-re- 
jieated  saying,  that  “  the  farmer  pays  for 
all,"  M’hich,  by  the  way,  is  os  far  from 
the  truth  as  the  former  assertion  in  regard 
to  his  enemies  among  men  in  other  lines 
of  business.  Now  there  is  no  better 
ground  for  assuming  that  the  capitalist  is 
an  enemy  of  tlie  agriculturist,  than  that 
every  farmer  is  the  enemy  of  his  doctor 
or  minister. 
Every  man,  no  matter  what  his  calling, 
aims  to  better  his  condition  financially, 
and  in  doing  this  he  is  very  prone  to  take 
adviuitage  of  the  necessities  of  others  iu 
his  dealings ;  and  until  we  learn  that  it  is 
the  general  practio.c  of  farmers  to  sell  liay 
for  five  dollars  per  ton,  wheu  tlie  market 
price  is  ten,  we  shall  believe  they  are  like 
other  men  and  take  all  they  can  get  for 
3vhatcv<sr  they  have  for  sale,  “But,” 
says  the  farmer  who  resides  hundreds  of 
miles  from  our  seaboard  cities,  “do  not 
the  railroads  combine  and  charge  exhorb- 
itant  rates  for  carry! ug  our  produce  to 
market  ?"  True  to  the  letter ;  but  what 
was,  or  what  would,  your  farm  jiroduce  be 
worth  without  the  railroads  ?  Tlieu,  would 
it  uot  be  3vell  to  ascertain  just  how  much 
the  capitalists,  who  furnished  the  money 
to  construct  and  Ocpiip  those  very  roatls 
which  you  now  denounce  in  no  unmeas¬ 
ured  terms,  made  on  tlieir  investments  ? 
tlust  look  up  some  of  the  original  invest¬ 
ors  in  your  nearest  road  and  let  them  an¬ 
swer  ;  lor  if  railroad  budding  is  haK  as 
safe  or  paying  a  business  as  farming,  then 
our  eyes  have  been  grossly  deceiving  us 
all  through  life. 
The  cfipitalists  who  put  a  road  through 
a  region  of  country,  exiiect  to  make  money 
on  their  investment ;  a  right  which  every 
reasonable  man  will  concede  is  their  just 
due,  and  the  changing  of  rates  to  secure 
this  or  eveu  morr',  cannot  he  construed 
inlAj  enmity  to  the  farmer  or  others  who 
may  desire  to  use  the  facilities  offered  for 
transportation  of  various  articles  over  the 
line.  There  is  no  compulsion  in  this 
matter  of  transportation,  and  if  the  farmer 
in  Allegany  Co,,  N.  Y.,  or  elsewhere,  does 
not  care  to  pay  the  exorbitant  rates  charg¬ 
ed  for  taking  his  prtxluoe  to  market,  the 
country  roads  are  open  to  him  and  hcfcan 
haul  it  with  his  own  team,  jnat  as  he  or 
his  father  ilid  thirty  years  ago. 
We  have  lived  long  enough  to  experi¬ 
ence  some  of  the  changes  made  in  these 
matters  during  the  last  quarter  of  a  cen¬ 
tury  or  more,  and  although  there  is  duuht- 
Icss  some  extortion  on  the  part  of  trans¬ 
portation  companies,  wc  would  not  like 
to  go  back  k>  iJie  days  of  twelve  cents  a 
pound  for  butter,  (and  take  if.  in  trade  at 
that,)  six  cents  a  dozen  for  eggs,  and 
other  faiTU  prtHiuets  at  similar  prices — all 
because  there  was  no  cheap  and  ready 
means  for  transporting  them  to  a  distant 
aiul  better  market. 
The  so-called  enemies  of  the  former 
have  helped  very  materially  to  make  these 
beneficial  changes  and,  for  our  part,  we 
do  not  think  it  becomes  ns  t/o  treat  or 
speak  of  them  as  outlaws,  deserving  noth¬ 
ing  better  than  universal  condemnation. 
Suppose  we  dam  up  the  Mississiiipi,  close 
the  canals  and  house  the  locomotives  for 
a  few  months  or  a  year,  and  see  how  we 
can  get  along  without  these  outlets,  and 
what  is  known  among  farmers  as  the 
“  giant  monopolies  !’’ 
RURAL  NOTES. 
At  Last.— After  waiting  patiently,  we 
notice  that  some  of  our  contemporaries 
have  at  last  actually  discovered  that  there 
was  such  a  thing  in  existence  as  the  “  Cen¬ 
tennial  Dairy  Ring,"  The  Elmira  Hus¬ 
bandman  publishes  a  letter  showing  the 
incapacity,  or  worse  qualifications  of  the 
Judges,  wiiile  an  Ohio  paper  which  has 
kept  an  eilitor  at  the  Centennial  the  whole 
season,  announces  with  n  flourish  of  ti'iim- 
pets  that  it  inteuds  to  cxponf.  the  Hairy 
Rinp.  Well,  gentlemen  !  I’ropel  1  None 
can  be  more  pleased  than  we  are  te  see 
you  lock  the  barn  dimrs,  even  fhoiujh  (hr. 
horftt:  ho.it  bmn  alohn.  If  you  need  ma¬ 
terials  for  vour  terrible  expftsnres,  run 
over  your  old  exebauges  and  ex.amino  the 
ooluinns  of  tlie  Rcbal  for  several  months 
bock.  But  are  you  not  a  “  leetle"  behind, 
this  time?  Never  mind.  “While  the 
lamp  holds  out  to  burn,”  &c. 
Corn  and  the  Phylloxera. — An¬ 
other  Frenchman  has  discovered  a  “sure” 
method  of  heading  off  the  much-dreaded 
Phylloxera,  or  Grape  louse.  This  time, 
however,  it  is  not  by  killing  the  pest  but 
by  diverting  its  attention  and  pampering 
its  ajipctite  for  n  sweeter  morsel  than 
grape  roots.  One  M.  Gacbr/.  informs 
the  Academy  of  Sciences  that  for  the  last 
two  years  he  has  protected  his  vines  by 
planting  red  Indian  com  among  them,  the 
Phylloxera  preferring  the  latter  plant  to 
tlie  former,  crowding  upon  it,  leaving  the 
vines  iiumnlested.  Tliis  is  proceeding 
upon  the  same  plan  adopted  by  some  of 
onr  vineyardiats  in  protecting  their  vines 
from  the  Rose  beetle  by  planting  Spirasaa 
and  other  plants  blooming  at  the  same 
time  among  them,  which  these  pests  prefer 
to  the  flowers  of  tlie  grape. 
- 
Americans  not  Inventors.  —  A 
writer  in  tlie  Engineer  (Eng.)  declares 
that  Americans  are  not  inventors,  but  mere 
imitators  of  othei-K,  especially  of  the  En¬ 
glish  artizans.  Be  claimfl  everything  in 
the  3vay  of  inventions  for  Englishmen, 
asserting  that  “  not  one  of  the  great  in¬ 
ventions  of  the  ago  has  originated  in  the 
United  States. "  The  steam-engine,  tele¬ 
graphy,  and  like  wonders,  are  all  the 
outoroiipiugs  of  English  genius,  leaving 
Americans  with  nothing  to  brag  about 
alKive  a  Gonneoficut  ivooden  nutmeg  or 
an  Ohio  baaswinid  liam.  Poor  fellow^! 
we  hope  he  may  live  to  come  to  our  bi- 
centeuimry  show,  and  write  up  the  history 
of  this  puny  nation. 
Wc  are  Pniiicd  to  learn  by  the  fol¬ 
lowing  letter,  of  the  death  of  one  of  our 
old-time  agent-friends : 
Ndnpa.  Lli-lngRton  Co.,  N,  T, 
Mr.  Editor; — 'I’iiomas  C,.  Hf.vnktt,  who  )ixh 
hcmi  HKLiit  lor  Ihn  Uokai.  New-Yoeker  for  the 
la6t  ku  veai’H  iu  tiiiH  j>lace,  rliod  Oct.  18,  aged  61 
yearH.  ile  haw  token  the  Rueal  ninco  itn  fir6t 
ijuljlioatmii.  heiiig  tiveuty-Heven  years  next  .lan- 
uary.  We  have  felt  that  it  wa«  like  a  friend, 
Biuely  coining  every  week  a  nd  as  ghullr  greeted 
by  n»  all.  Mr.  IlBNNKrr  was  always  interested 
in  reeling  it;  he,  being  a  farmer,  could  always 
And  sometbing  worthy  of  note  and  practice  from 
itH  pages  and  I  have  found  much  excellent  and 
prolitable  reading  from  the  lady  contributors  of 
the  ftPKAL  and  would  earnestly  commend  it  to 
all  pursuing  a  like  employment.  Respectfully 
yours,  Mrs.  T.  C.  Bf.nnbtt. 
What  a  Pity  I-  We  are  informed 
that  Dtoanu’s  t*  Great  American  Straw- 
beiTy"  is  not  only  going  to  snpersede  all 
other  sorts  now  Iniown,  but  it  grows  so 
large  that  the  good  housewife  will  never 
think  of  asking  her  guests  to  take  a  dish  of 
Htrawberrit-H,  but  tlie  question  must  needs 
be  changed  to,  “  Wdl  you  take  a /itecc  of 
strawberry  ?"  Strawberries  of  Ltiis  sort 
will  liave  k)  be  cut  up  like  wate.r melons, 
and  tlie  slices  passed  around.  It  is  a 
jiity  that  Seth  Boydkn  could  not  have 
lived  to  see  the  results  obtained  by  his 
now  illustrious  neighbor,  Dttband. 
Profits  of  Trout  Culture. — Re¬ 
cent  exiierimeuts  show  that  it  Lakes  about 
thirteen  iiounds  of  kidney,  liver  and  sim¬ 
ilar  kinds  of  meat,  to  produce  one  pound 
of  fish.  This  point  having  been  deter¬ 
mined,  the  owner  of  trout-ponds  or  streams 
can  very  readily  ascertain  whether  the 
raising  of  trout  for  market  hy  feeding 
artificially  can  be  made  a  profitable  busi¬ 
ness — not  forgetting,  however,  that  trout 
fed  upon  livers  and  kidneys  are  more 
beautiful  k)  look  upon  than  savory  when 
cooked. 
Ayer  &  Son,  in  their  “Manual  for 
Advertisers,”  in  speaking  of  agricultural 
papers  say,  “No  class  of  papers,  with  the 
exception  of  religious  journals,  are  so 
carefully  read  or  so  long  preserved  for 
reference.  Their  circulation  is  principally 
among  the  most  intelligent  class  of  coun- 
try  population — hence,  (hey  are  of  pecu¬ 
liar  value  to  advertieerit,"  Of  the  truth 
of  this  we  are  constantly  reminded  by  re¬ 
ceiving  rejilics  to  mlvertisements  inserted 
in  the  Rubab  l>ut  discontinued  years  ago. 
- - »«*  *— 
Selling  Pork  Early. — Onr  Western 
contemporaries  advise  farmers  to  sell  off 
their  hogs  so  soon  as  they  are  ready  for 
the  butchers,  iusteiul  of  holding  on  for 
higher  prices,  during  which  time  they 
may  lose  more  or  loss  by  disease.  Hogs, 
when  exposed  t-o  rain  and  coltl  skirms,  do 
not  gain  rapidly  in  flesh,  although  they 
oouBumo  ns  much  food  as  during  warmer 
weather  when  laying  on  fat  rapidly — and 
tills  is  another  reastju  for  selling  early  and 
lieforo  cold  weather. 
- - — 
RURAL  BREVITIES. 
A  compound  for  previntiug  parasitic  diseases 
in  plants  is  offered  in  England  under  the  name 
of  “  Sains." 
Emobt  Cobb's  Short-Horn  bull,  “Nineteenth 
Duke  of  Airdrie,"  valued  at  i820,000,  died  at 
Kankakee,  III.,  Nov.  21. 
It  is  reported  that  the  beets  raised  for  con¬ 
verting  into  sugar  in  Illinois  this  season,  are  so 
pfKir  in  aaccharino  properties  as  not  to  pay  for 
working  up, 
Twe  grasshopper b  in  parts  of  the  Western 
States  not  fully  annih  Hating  tho  vegetation,  the 
mice  arc  reported  to  have  come  in  great  numbers 
to  finish  what  was  loft. 
Mr.  Mechi,  tho  noted  English  Agriculturist, 
has  boon  okickMl  to  the  Presidency  of  tho  Lon¬ 
don  Farmers'  Club.  Tho  honor  of  bestowing 
and  receiving  arc  about  equal  iu  this  instance. 
The  consnmers  of  Tobacco  may  consider  them¬ 
selves  profitable  citizens,  as  they  have  paid  the 
Govcninient  nearly  forty  million  in  taxes  on  the 
weed  daring  the  fiscal  year  ending  Juno  30, 1876. 
Aiirtirr  the  only  farm  product  which  command* 
a  high  price  in  our  market  this  season,  is  poto- 
kjes,  now  soiling  at  $8  to  |i3.50  a  liarrol,  with 
ioiliohtions  of  a  further  advance.  The  Early 
Rose  takes  the  lead  in  price. 
The  mnuibers  of  the  Michigan  Pomologioal 
Bociety  are  ditycussing  tho  subject  of  a  change  of 
uaiuo,  by  substitiiUug  the  word  ’*  Horticultural" 
in  place  of  “  Pomologlcal’’  which,  we  think, 
would  be  a  vciy  sensible  thiug  to  do. 
CoBUEsroN DENTS  of  the  Press  who  wrote  con¬ 
tinuously  during  the  Centennial  of  what  they 
saw,  are  now  teUiug  us  of  tho  “  Recollections," 
in  order  to  prove  that  tlieir  memory  of  recent 
events  is  still  gcxMl  and  in  working  oonditiou. 
A  Bocthbbn  pajier  tells  us  Uiat  a  sleek  mule 
is  a  sure  sign  of  prosperity  in  a  community,  and 
kind-hearted  owners.  We  tliiuk  this  same  sign 
may  also  bo  apphod  to  other  animals,  for  iioor 
formers  generally  have  poor  stock  of  all  kinds. 
There  is  said  to  be  a  cotton  tree  iu  Florida 
twenty  feet  high,  with  a  stem  twenty-six  inches 
in  circumference.  To  gather  the  cotton  from 
such  trees  men  ciitnb  up  among  the  branches  or 
use  very  high  step  ladders.  NVhere  Is  Cahfomia 
now  ? 
One  of  the  patriarchs  of  English  gardening, 
Ml.  E.  O.  Henderson,  founder  and  proprietor 
of  the  Wellington  Nurseries,  died  on  the  4th  of 
Novemtor  last,  at  tho  rijoi  old  age  of  94.  Who 
can  say,  alter  tliis,  that  the  oocuimtion  of  a  gar¬ 
dener  IS  an  unhealthy  one  i 
The  Poultrymon  are  anxious  to  know  what 
has  become  of  their  awards  at  the  Centennial 
Poultry  Show.  It  is  seiiously  proposed  to  club 
together,  when  the  medals  arrive,  and  have 
them  cast  into  a  Bronze  Donkey  for  presentation 
to  the  Centennial  Commission. 
The  apple  crop  ihroughoui  tho  Northern 
States,  this  year,  is  au  enormous  one,  and  some 
of  onr  orchardists  talk  seriously  of  outtiug  down 
the  trees.  A  friend  writes  us  from  Wisconsin 
that  the  “  whole  West  is  full  of  apples  ttus  fall, 
and  such  a  crop  was  never  known  before.” 
A  Webteun  contenqiorary  echoes  our  senti¬ 
ments  hi  proolaliniug  that  the  only  “  serene 
inan"  during  these  tempestuous  political  times 
is  the  “  Agncultural  editor"  who  quietly  studios 
tho  Potato  beetle  or  Ichneumon  fiy  and  watches 
the  steady  inotease  of  his  subscription  list. 
Mr.  Coameu,  thu  Lecturer  of  the  Kansas 
State  Grange,  has  prepared  a  Pocket  Companion 
for  paU'ouft  of  Hiibbaiidry,  coinprismg  the  rules, 
laws  aud  regulations  hy  which  Granges  are  gov¬ 
erned.  It  is  advertised  on  anotiier  page  and 
should  he  in  the  hands  of  every  Patron  who  is 
interested  in  the  Order. 
The  Farmer's  Journal  of  Raleigh,  N,  C.,  after 
having  passed  through  various  motamorphoses 
aud  innumerable  proprietorshi]),  has  finally  fallen 
into  good  hands.  It  will  iu  future,  be  conducted 
I  by  Mr.  R.  T.  Fudouum,  whose  experionoe  as  an 
I  Agricultural  editor  assures  a  valuable  and  read- 
!  able  paper.  Long  may  she  wave,! 
a 
