378 
THE  RORAL  WEW-YORKER. 
Srirntifif  aiilr  iscful. 
THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  MOKALS. 
It  is  generally  conceded  that  there  is  more  of 
good  than  evil  in  the  world ;  that  each  individ¬ 
ual,  however  vile  and  wicked  he  may  be,  does 
in  a  lifetime  more  commoudablo  than  reprehen¬ 
sible  deeds. 
The  causes  that  impid  ns  to  act  have  been 
subjects  of  discussion  from  the  days  of  Pi.ato 
and  AnisTOTi.K  to  the  present  time.  Different 
theories  have  htitm  promtilgatcd,  each  having 
strong  supporters,  many  of  wh<jm  desired  to  add 
thereto  ideas  of  tlfcir  own,  until,  instead  of  the 
original  two,  there  are  ])erhap8  two  score,  all 
of  which  may,  as  to  their  general  teachings, 
still  Ije  classed  as  two  -the  Utilitarians  and  tbo 
lutuitivcH. 
liio  iirst  hold  that  all  actions  are  fgood  or 
moral  as  they  cunduce  to  the  happiness  of  man¬ 
kind.  and  that  observation  and  experience  are 
the  only  guides  wo  have  to  aid  us  in  deciding 
what  is  right  or  wTong  for  us  to  do.  and  cm- 
phatically  deny  the  existence  of  any  moral  fac¬ 
ulty  r  sense  which  enables  us  to  Judge  between 
good  and  evil,  or  assures  us  of  any  rule  of  duty, 
or  j)ointH  out  any  course  of  conduct.  This  j>arty 
is  also  known  as  the  Selfish,  the  F-pionrean,  and 
the  Inductive,  and  numbers  among  its  later 
supporters  IIoiius,  IfiiXTHAM.  Mii-n,  and  many 
others. 
The  othor  party,  known  as  the  Intuitive  Mor¬ 
alists,  or  otherwise  the  Stoical,  the  Sentimental, 
and  the  Independent,  lujld  that  some  innate, 
natural  ixjwer,  implanted  in  us  by  the  Creator, 
ouahleH  us  to  know  that  such  qualities  as  benevo- 
lonce,  hojicsty  and  trutlifnlaoss  arc  virtues, 
witliout  reasoning  or  argument,  atid  without 
exainitiaiiou  of  their  effects  on  Indivldtials  or  on 
society.  Those  views  are  su|)|X»rtcd  by  sucli 
writers  a.s  IfnvHKBox,  Cnnwoujii,  Stkwaht, 
Kmii,  Ih  rnEK,  and  others. 
Mr.  liBCKV,  in  his  History  of  Kiuopoan  Mor 
als,  says.  ‘•The  Im uncss  of  a  moral  philosophy 
i.s  to  account  for  aj>d  to  justify  our  moral  seuti- 
rneuts,  or  in  other  words,  to  show  liow  wo  come 
to  have  our  notions  of  duty  and  to  supply  us 
with  a  reason  for  acting  upon  them.”  And 
again,  “A  theory  of  morals  must  explain,  not 
only  what  constitutes  duty,  but  also  how  wo  ob¬ 
tain  the  notion  of  there  being  such  a  thing  as 
duty.  It  iiuist  toll  us  not  merely  what  is  the 
course  of  c.onduct  we  ought  fx)  i)urauo.  but  also  | 
what  Is  the  iiicaiiing of  this  word  ‘ought’  and 
from  what  source  wo  derive  the  idea  it  ex¬ 
presses.’  fllearly  none  of  tlic  writings  of  the 
ablest  men  on  either  side  of  Ibis  great  (picstion 
were  able  to  aocomit  for  our  moral  seutimuiit  o 
to  explain  the  iiieaniiig  of  ‘ought.*  Assertions 
were  plenty,  but  argumonls  in  the  highest  dogre 
logical,  based  on  tlioso  assertions,  Jailed  to  con¬ 
vince,  hccaiiHi;  tho  bouikImcss  of  the  promises 
was  doubted. 
IIoKns  says,  “  Oblig.-ition  i.s  Iho  necessity  of 
doing  or  omittiug  any  m  tion  in  order  to  ho  hap¬ 
py.”  Hays  Be.ntiiatvi,  “Nature  has  placed  man 
under  (ho  govcrnnienl  of  two  great  masters — 
Pain  and  ricasuro.  It  is  for  them  to  point  out 
what  wo  ought  to  do.  as  well  as  what  we  shall 
do.”  lu  Mim.  s  UtiUtarianism  we  road,  “  Hap¬ 
piness  is  the  solo  end  of  human  action,  and  the 
promotion  of  it  is  tho  test  liy  which  to  Judge  of 
nil  human  conduct.”  Loiikk  asserts  Uiat  “  good 
and  evil  are  nothing  hut  pleasure  and  pain,  or 
that  whiidi  occasions  and  produces  pleasure  and 
pain  to  118." 
Tho  iuluitlvo  philosophers,  on  tho  other  hand, 
aro  mi  loss  positive  in  their  assertions.  They 
deny  that  there  can  be  any  merit  or  goodness  in 
a  selfish  action,  no  matter  what  may  ho  tho  re¬ 
sult.  ('tuiwoRTU  taught  tliat  tliero  was  some 
particular  faculty  of  the  mind  that  enabled  us  to 
distinguish  truth  from  falsehood,  and  Uio  difTer- 
ont  writers  of  fJiat  school,  varying  as  they  do  as 
t  o  details,  mainly  agree  with  the  teachings  of 
Plato,  tliat  there  is  aii  innate  power,  whoUier 
derived  from  the  experiences  and  conclusions  of 
a  pro-existing  sUite,  oi*  specially  bestowed  upon 
man  by  his  Creator,  which  Is  competent  to  dis¬ 
tinguish  between  good  and  evil. 
Tho  believers  in  Phrenology  think  they  have 
the  true  solution  of  this  vexed  questiou.  They 
hold  tliat  all  things,  whether  they  be  physical, 
organic  or  spiritual,  aro  governed  by  Jaws,  and 
that  tliese  laws,  vvhioh  are  innate,  universal  and 
unbending,  ai  e  in  harmony  with  the  whole  con¬ 
stitution  of  man.  iu  which  the  moral  and  intel¬ 
lectual  power.s  hold  the  supremacy.  But  they  do 
not  decide  if  imiato  ideas  are  coufoiTed  directly 
by  the  Uroator,  or  if  they  are  only  the  effi'cts  of 
accumulatod  exporience.s,  inherited  from  auces- 
tors. 
They  teach  that  the  brain  is  the  organ  of  the 
muid,  and  that  the  different  faculties  have  each 
a  definite  location  ;  that  concordant  faculties  are 
located  eontigiiously  and  ail  may  he  divided  into 
throe  cluHseB-  tho  Animal,  the  InlfUectiial,  and 
the  Spiritual,  and  these  last  subdivided  into  the 
dealistic  and  the  Moral.  In  the  latter  group 
[  and  located  in  the  crown  of  the  head  arc  Benev¬ 
olence,  Veneration,  and  ConscientiousiieHH ;  that 
the  office  of  ConsoientiouBness  is  to  incite  man 
to  the  performance  of  that  wliich  he  believes  to 
be  right,  leaving  il  for  tho  Intcdlectual  faculties, 
guided  by  P.easOJi  and  Experience,  to  decide 
wliat  is  right. 
They  hold  that  all  the  faculties  are  inherent, 
implanted  by  tho  Creator,  and  that  the  happi- 
noBB  of  man  consiets  in  their  satisfaction,  and 
that  the  result  of  the  violation  of  any  of  the 
Natural  laws  is  evil. 
Thus,  it  will  bo  seen,  this  new  Philosophy  of 
Morals,  while  it  includes  the  ideas  of  both  the 
Utilitarians  and  the  Intuitive  schools,  agrees  en¬ 
tirely  with  neither,  but  furnishes  a  platform  on 
which  all  may  stand  in  harmony.  It  kdls  us  the 
“course  of  conduct  wo  imghl  to  pursue"  is  that 
wliioh  is  approved  of  by  the  whole  moral  and  in¬ 
tellectual  faculties,  fully  enUghtened  and  acting 
in  harmonious  comhinatiou;  (iiat  the  meaning 
of  tile  wiird  ought  is  duty,  and  t  hni.  wii  derive  the 
idea  it  eNiuosses  from  tlie  natural  laws  of  our 
constitution.  And  it  teaches  us  that  the  highest 
duty  of  mau  is  to  do  that  which  will  in  tho 
greatest  degree  insure  Ills  own  haiipiuess,  and 
that  this  can  be  done  only  by  iisiug  all  tho  facul- 
tioH  of  his  mind  and  all  the  powers  of  his  body 
in  jiromoting  tlio  physical  and  spiritual  welfare 
of  thoHo  about  him.  Those  principles  arc  more 
fully  sot  forth  in  tho  hooks  noticed  in  eonucction 
herewith,  which  are  commended  to  the  attention 
of  all  interostiMl  in  the  subject. 
Tmc  Nait  ual  Iaws  ok  .Man.  A  Philosophical 
I'ateclilKm.  IJ.v  ,1.  (i,  .nki’kziikim,  ,M.  J).  nimo, 
pp.  171.  Pajior,  r.()c.  New  York:  S.  It.  Wells 
A,  (Jo. 
Tuk  Constitution  ok  .Man,  exmsirtered  la  relation 
70  KxtAirnal  ohjficis.  by  Hkohok  Oo.mkk.  laiuo, 
pp.  4.T«.  Cloth,  f  1.50.  .New  York  It.  Wells 
A  Co. 
Moral  PiriLosornv,  or  the  DuMes  of  Man  consid¬ 
ered  In  Ids  Individual,  UoincsUc  and  Social 
e.'apiu'ltles.  by  Ukorge  Combe.  12nio,  pp.  :>:i4. 
Cloth,  New-  York ;  It.  Wells  A  (.:o. 
®l)t  naturalist. 
PROTECTION  AGAINST  SPORTSMEN. 
A  coHnEsroNOENT  of  Our  Dumb  Animals  in 
comparing  the  laws  of  California  with  those  of 
Massachusetts  in  regard  to  tho  protection  of 
game,  says : 
While  there  are  general  laws  in  California, 
protecting  the  birds  aud  other  game  during 
certain  seasons- of  the  year,  at  Kan  Francisco  IJic 
local  legiHlatiirc  extends  its  iirotection,  through 
.’Ul  the  year,  over  tlio  birds  within  its  own  jiii  is 
diction,  in  which  Oakland,  across  the.  Bay, 
joins  ;  and  during  a  rocent  risitit  w.a8  a  constant 
pleasure  to  me,  while  passing  between  the  two 
places,  to  observe  the  water-fowl,  as  wo  rode 
over  tho  wharf,  more  than  a  mile  long,  from 
Oakland  to  the  ferry,  which  swum  direct ly 
beneath  the  car  windows,  in  great  multitiides 
with  porfiict  freedom  from  f«i,r.  They  literally 
swarmed  iu  tho  shallow  water,  and  as  the  cars 
thundered  along,  the  little  creatures  would  cast 
0  r  eyes  up  iu  roguish  defiance,  as  if  they 
understood  all  about  tlio  law.  and  were  tempting 
the  passer  to  its  violation.  There  were  enough 
ducks  there  to  drive  a  Boston  sportsm.'ui  crazy^ 
but  never  a  gnu  disturbed  their  peaceful  enjoy 
meat.  Beautiful  gulls,  too,  enjoyed  this  im? 
inunity,  and  they  would  settle  upon  the  posts  of 
the  ferry  slip,  almost  within  tlie  roach  of  hand, 
never  doubting  that  man  was  their  best  friend. 
Kuch  oonfidonce  to  me  was  delightful,  and  1 
could  not  help  contrasting  this  state  with  our 
own  destructive  onstom  of  shooting  such  little 
creatures  w  herever  e  meet  w  itb  them.  As  1 
w’rite,  there  is  a  hoy  in  the  street  ivith  a  bit  of 
rock  in  his  hrnd,  his  eye  intent  on  a  beautiful 
pigeon  whose  harm  he  int<Mid.s.  It  illustrates 
exjictly  this  cruel  disposition  to  destroy.  Tho 
possessors  of  private  grounds  in  California,  also 
take  jiains  to  protect  the  birds  .agaiust  sportsmen 
and  I  frequently  saw,  over  tho  gates  to  such 
grounds,  “No  Shooting  Allowed  1”  And  the 
birds  soomod  to  appreciate  it,  crowding  the 
precinct  with  their  numbers  aud  making  Hie  nir 
meiry  with  their  songs.  On  a  visit  to  one  of 
these  places  one  little  California  lark  preceded 
us,  step  by  step,  for  a  mile,  perching  himself 
upon  a  fence,  a  little  ahead,  and  Binging  the 
most  joyful  song,  of  welcome,  as  it  seemed,  that 
I  had  ever  hoard.  It  was  a  gusli  of  most 
ecstatic  melody  that  he  poured,  without  a  note 
of  fear  iu  it,  and  he  iipjieared  as  if  eager  to 
speak  for  his  race,  out  of  his  own  hapjiy  heart, 
and  ask  onr  attention  to  their  blissful  )irivilege. 
„  'J’hero  is  another  class  of  dumb  ii.niirmlB  over 
which  the  laws  of  California  extend  protection  : 
the  sea-lions  which  tenant  ttie  rocks  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Golden  Gate.  Those  huge 
mousters  live  in  perfect  freedom  within  easy 
rifle  range  of  tlie  shore,  and  no  one  dare  molest 
them.  There  we  hiuidreds  of  tliem  upon  the 
rocks  all  the  time,  aud  they  play  or  sleep,  lu 
perfect  security  without  a  fear  of  molestation,  in 
full  view  of  the  uuiititudes  who  Hock  to  see 
them.  There  was  an  attempt  made  last  winter 
to  repeal  Hie  law  protecting  tliom — on  the  good 
ground,  too,  that  they  were  great  conanmers  of 
fish  which  w'as  neediM  for  the  people — but  the 
attomiit  was  futile,  and,  being  antc-pionoers, 
they  are  sustained  a  while  longer  in  theii’ 
original  possession. 
Visiting  the  Seal  Rooks  with  me,  for  tlie  first 
time,  was  a  Bostonian,  who,  on  seeing  the 
monsters,  as  they  lay  there  at  easy  distance, 
cried,  with  the  true  instinct  of  the  sportsman : 
“  If  I  only  had  a  gim !” 
■■  ■  - 
SCENT  IN  DOGS. 
_ 
A  WRITER  in  Chambers  .Journal  tells  a  very 
iuterostiug  story  of  how  a  dog  in  India  found  his 
way  home  through  the  aid  of  keen  sc^iit ; 
Jlany  years  ago,  when  in  India,  1  had  a  hound 
of  a  kind  of  cross-breed,  which  in  liidia  is  known 
as  the  Polygad.  These  dogs  ant  unsuited  for 
coursing,  but  make  Hjilendid  companions  for 
long  and  rapid  journeys  on  horseback,  being 
able  to  go  groat  distances  without  fatigue,  and 
caring  little  for  heat.  Phakree,  (J)cautifulj,  for 
such  was  her  n.vmc.  had  been  my  companion  for 
years,  and  during  the  time  was  seldom  out  of 
my  sight.  Whuu  she  had  become  old  and 
unable  to  keep  pace  with  me  in  my  gallojis,  1 
partcsl  with  her  to  a  friend  whom  she  scuued  to 
take  a  groat  fancy  io.  and  wlio  then  reeided  on 
the  Mahablcshwiir  Hills.  My  own  station,  Poo- 
nah,  lay  alajut  eighty  miles  east  of  Jlahable- 
ahwnr,  and  is  separated  from  tho  hills  by  three 
ranges  of  lofty  mountains,  wliich  in  tliose  days 
were  covered  with  douse  jungle.  On  the  day  of 
my  departure  I  cautioned  my  friend  to  keep 
Phakreo  st'cnroly  chained  for  some  days,  so  that 
she  might  not  follow  me.  On  this  occasion — for 
I  had  bixui  (he  journey  once  or  twice  before — I 
left  the  main  road  and  selected  an  uufreiiuonted 
bridle-path  for  my  rmiks  in  order  that  1  might 
enjoy  the  heaiitifn)  mountain  scenery  through 
which  it  lixl. 
1  halt  reaclutd  Poonah,  and  liad  boon  there  for 
several  days,  living  in  my  tent,  when  ouo  night 
I  was  roused  by  the  bowling  of  a  dog  under  my 
bedstead.  I  struck  a  light,  when,  to  ray 
astonishment,  there  was  poor  Phaki’ce,  'with  a 
collar  round  her  iicck,  and  a  few  links  of  ch.ain 
hanging  to  it,  A  letter  1  received  next  morning 
from  my  friend  gave  me  to  know  that  she  had 
broken  loose  and  run  away,  and  that,  although 
he  liad  mode  every  search  for  her,  sho  was 
nowhvre  to  be  fnimd.  Ho  regretted  that  we 
sliould  never  sec  lior  again.  Klio  hod  been  four 
days  on  her  joiirnoy ;  ami  her  famished  con- 
ditl6n,  and  the  imtuerons  vonuds  sho  had  on 
her,  allowed  tlio  privation  sho  had  niidergoiie, 
.and  the  treatment  she  had  roocivod  from  tho 
dogs  of  the  difforent  villages  tlirough  wliich  sho 
hiid  passed.  'J’lio  poor  creature  had  no  doubt 
scented  me  tho  whole  way,  for  had  she  followed 
or  aoeomiianiixl  any  one.  slie  would  have  been 
oared  for  and  jirotoctwl.  Wo  never  parted 
again. 
FALL  PLANTING  OF  HARDY  VEGETABLES. 
Kprino  is  the  season  iu  which  most  persons 
make  their  vegetable  gardens,  planting  both 
tender  and  hardy  kinds  at  the  same  time. 
While,  as  a  gcnc.al  rule  this  season  is  the 
pre-ferahle  one  for  sowing  seeds,  still  there  are 
many  kinds  of  hardy  perennial  vegetable  roots 
which  may  bn  sot  out  in  the  Ml,  thereby  saving 
valuable  time  in  the  usually  more  hurried 
lienod  named.  There  is  also  another  goixi 
rea.sou  for  fall  iilaiiting  of  tho  hardy  vegetable 
roots,  aud  it  is  that  owing  to  their  usual  early 
giowth  in  spring  they  are  more  liable  to  injuiy 
from  transplanting  at  this  season  than  when  in 
a  perfectly  dormant  condition  as  they  always  arc 
in  the  fall.  Among  tlie  many  kinds  of  plants 
M  inch  may  safely  be  set  out  at  this  season,  we 
name  the  following  witli  some  hints  as  to  the 
method  of  propagation  and  culture  : 
AtPARAauS. 
The  roots  of  tins  pilaut  aro  generally  set  A-ery 
deeji  in  order  to  allow  of  cutting  tho  stalks 
several  inches  Isilow  tho  surface,  to  accommodate 
a  very  foolisli  notion  that  the  white  uueolorcd 
stems  aro  better  than  tho  green,  when  in  fact 
they  aro  unhealthy  and  scai'cely  edible.  For  i 
home  use.  or  a  market  where  common  sense  iire- 
vails  over  ignorauoe  and  prejudice,  tho  roots 
ne<!d  not  be  set  deeper  tbari  four  to  six  inches 
and  at  this  depth  the  annual  top-dressings  of 
manure  applied  to  tho  surface,  will  roach  tlmm 
sooner  and  the  sprout  appear  earlier  ui  the 
spring.  Besides  this,  it  is  not  necessary  (o  en¬ 
rich  the  soil  to  so  great  a  depth  if  tho  roots  are 
sot  shallow,  as  when  placed  a  foot  below  the  sur¬ 
face. 
Another  mistake  frequently  made  in  planting 
out  asjiaragiis  roots  is  in  jdaciug  them  too  near 
together.  Two  by  throe  is  near  enough  oven 
for  garden  beds,  and  in  (ho  field  the  rows 
siioiild  be  four  feet  apart  and  the  ]jlants  two  in 
the  rows.  Roots  one  or  two  years  old  are 
generally  considered  better  than  older,  although 
those  who  are  hi  haste  to  have  asparagus  to  eat, 
get  tlio  largest  and  oldest  root*  to  be  obtained. 
RHUBARB. 
Fall  is  the  best  time  to  divide  large  stools  or 
clumjw  of  roots  ns  tho  loaves  start  very  early  in 
spring.  In  dividing  tho  stools  for  planting  only 
a  single  crown  should  be  set  in  a  hill.  Tho 
crowns  of  the  roots  should  bo  covered  some 
three  or  four  inches  in  heavy  soils  aud  a  little 
deeper  m  light.  J.iko  asparagus  there  is  little 
danger  of  making  tho  soil  for  rhubarb  too  rich, 
because  tho  more  rajildly  the  plants  grow  the 
more  suociilout  and  lender  the.  stems.  1’liere 
arc  many  varieties  iu  cultivation,  but  the  l.in- 
nii'iis  is  now  the  most  jiopiilar  among  our 
market  gardeners,  hnt  the  Golossal  and  Victoria 
aro  jirohably  eipially  as  good,  and  the  difference 
is  mainly  in  the  color  of  the  stalks  and  leaves, 
(’ahooti's  Mammoth  is  tho  largest  variety  known, 
but  it  is  rather  coarse  aud  uot  quite  equal  to  the 
former  iu  flavor. 
PIGEON  BERRY. 
Tho  I’igeon  Berry,  (^Phijiolacca  tlfirarnlrn). 
also  called  Poke  and  Garget  root,  is  not  often 
planted  in  the  vegr-tahle  gardens  of  this  country, 
still  it  18  a  valuable  osculciit,  and  deserves  to  be 
more  extensively  cultivated.  It  will  thrive  iu 
almost  any  soil  and  situation  and  may  be  readily 
propagated  by  divi<liiig  tho  old  roots  or  from 
seed.  'Tho  young  shoots  arc  used  as  a  substitiifo 
for,  or  in  tho  sauio  manner  as  asparagus  which 
they  resemble  in  taste.  Tho  sprouts  may  also 
bo  cooked  iu  the  same  niaunor  as  sea-kale,  or  as 
spinach  for  greens.  There  is  also  an  amiiial 
variety,  the  J'li'/hitarra,  known  as  P,  isruhtila, 
but  the  former  is  tho  preferable  species  on 
account  of  being  a  perennial. 
HORSE  RADISH. 
This  is  another  well-known  vegetable  used  as 
a  condiment  with  moats  tho  roots  of  which  are 
porfei-tly  haixly  aud  may  be  planted  iu  the  (.all. 
It  is  a  valuable  plant  but  quite  generally 
neglected  iu  farmers’  gai’dens  being  UKually 
found  in  some  corner  over-run  with  weeds.  If 
planted  iu  good  soil  and  carefully  ciilH\  ated  tho 
roots  grow  quickly  and  largo  and  aro  much  loss 
likely  to  he  stringy  and  tough  than  when  gromi 
slowly  and  in  poor  land. 
iiodifulfiiral, 
WILSON’S  EARLY  BLACKBERRY. 
Tue  impression  is  very  general  that  the  Law- 
ton  BlikOkherry  exceeds  nil  others  in  size.  But 
this  mistaki-  is  readily  accounted  for  by  tlio  fact 
(hat  Hio  Lawton  was  the  fii'st  of  these  largo 
lierricH  introduced,  and  its  api>earanoe  created 
so  ranch  notice  that  the  name  was  firmly  fixed 
iu  the  minds  of  the  public.  It  has  gained  such 
a  fiiTn  hold  that  in  many  places  all  largo  black- 
berrioB  are  called  or  classod  as  I.aivtons,  and  yet 
in  tho  New  York  markets  probably  nut  one-third 
of  tho  mammoth  blacklKwries  exiiosed  for  sale 
are  of  tho  Lawton  variety. 
The  berry  mentioned  .at  tho  head  of  this  article 
cannot  bo  called  a  new  berry,  and  yet  to  many 
the  name  is  probably  almost  unknown.  It  de- 
serx'os,  however,  far  gre.at<^r  notoriety  tlian  it 
has  yet  attained,  as  it  has  morits  that  may  well 
entitle  it  to  be  jilac.od  in  almost  every  garden. 
If  is  called  cnrii/,  not  so  mnch  on  account  of  its 
being  a  wr;/  carlij  variety,  as  from  tho  fact  Uiat 
it  riiiens  it.s  entiro  croj)  wry  early  in  the  season, 
within  a  space  of  two  or  throe  weeks,  while  the 
Kiltatlnny  and  Iiawion  extend  over  nearly  twice 
that  time.  This  ripening  of  the  entire  crop 
early  in  tho  season  iiiukcs  it  of  osiiecial  value  to 
those  who  are  growing  fruit  for  maiket  and  who 
Irish  to  obtain  tho  highest  prices.  They  are 
very  largely  planted  out  for  this  imrjxise  in  some 
sections  of  Uic  country,  and  prove  ouo  of  the 
most  profitable  crops. 
In  liabit  of  growth  the  Wilson's  Early  is  very 
similar  to  tho  othor  kinds  mentioned,  though 
frequently  tho  canes  are  more  slender,  allowing 
them  to  he  bent  down  to  the  ground  aud  kept  in 
place  by  iiegs  or  stones,  if  severe  winters  are 
feared.  The  benics  are  fully  ripe  as  soon  as 
they  become  black,  are  sweet,  juicy,  and  in 
every  resiH!0t  tirst-class  for  eating.  Home  ber¬ 
ries  have  been  grown  of  enormons  size— one, 
the  past  summer,  measuring  very  nearly,  if  not 
fully,  two  inches  in  length.  It  only  requires 
about  a  dozen  of  these  superb  berries  to  make  a 
tempting  dish  that  but  few  will  be  found  to  re¬ 
sist. 
risut-ations  are  made  in  the  fall  or  early  in  the 
spring,  placing  Hie  jilants  ttireo  feet  apart  and 
in  rows  sevmi  or  eight  feet  distant  from  each 
other,  or  iu  hills  five  or  six  feet  apart  each  way. 
Malden-oii-lhe-Uudson,  N.  V.  l(,  H.  Haines. 
[The  Wilson  Blackberry  is  all  that  is  claimed 
for  it  by  our  coirespondent,  hnt  the  plants  are 
uot  hardy  north  of  the  latittide  of  this  city,  and 
frequently  they  are  winter-killo'd  eVeii  considera¬ 
bly  further  south.-  -Ell.  It,  N.  y. I 
