1863.] 
215 
with G-ryllides Latr. (=Achetad8e Leach,) in Phasmidac {Diaphero- 
mera femorata Say) where however the inferior appendages are want¬ 
ing, in the Neuropterous family Panorpina, and also in the subfami¬ 
ly Corydalides Westw., of the family Sialina, the % appendages are 
similarly prehensile and the 9 appendages similarly simple. Here, 
however, it is the abdomen and not the neck of 9 that is grasped by % , 
Odonata being the only known family where the true % reproductive 
organs are placed at the base, instead of at the tip of the abdomen, and 
their coitus being consequently abnormal. In Forficuladse the superior 
basally or throughout, as in the Tribes .lEschnina and Libellulina, and lamini- 
form throughout. In the two latter cases the lamina is known to Orthopterists 
as ‘‘the infra-anal plate,” (squama suhanalis, Saussure.) On the other hand, in 
the Perlinous genus Acroneuria the 9 has a pair of small, triangular, inferior 
appendages, and the % has none; while throughout Ephemerina, where the 
superior appendages are similarly antenniform % 9 > the two inferior append¬ 
ages are multiarticulate and sexually prehensile , but absent 9 • 
Typically, the superior abdominal appendages are, I think, thi-ee in number. 
In Ephemerina they are all, when present, antenniform, and there is a regular 
gradation from groups where they are equal in length 9 (Ephemerella, 
Walsh,) through groups where they are subequal % 9 (Ephemera,) and others 
where they are subequal 9 but the middle one short (Pentagenia, Walsh,) 
and others again where the middle appendage is short or subobsolete 9 
either articulate (Bsetis A & B, Walsh) or exarticulate (Bsetisea, Walsh,) to 
groups where the middle appendage is entirely obsolete, (Beetis § C. Walsh.) 
In Odonata the middle appendage is obsolete , but is represented 9 by a lami- 
niform piece known as the superior anal process and most distinctly seen in 
Gomphina, the two inferior anal processes representing the inferior % appen¬ 
dages. In the Odonatous pupa, however, they are all three present, in the 
pupa of Gomphus and Agrion all three alike, and in that of Agrion long and 
subequal. Throughout Orthoptera, except Forfieuladse where it is obsolete, the 
middle appendage is represented by what Orthopterists call the supra-anal 
plate, and in several Acridians the three superior appendages are almost ex¬ 
actly alike, viz., triangularly laminiform. That this supra-anal plate is not the 
terminal dorsal joint of the abdomen is proved by the fact, that in Mantidse 
and Phasmidee it exists, though small in size, in addition to the nine typical 
abdominal joints which are all dorsally present in these two families. In most 
Neuropterous and Pseudoneuropterous families the middle superior appendage 
is obsolete or subobsolete'^ 9* Corydalis e. g. it is represented by an in¬ 
distinct triangular lamina. The Locustarian genera Phaneroptera and Cyrto- 
phyllus are remarkable for the intermediate appendage being greatly and nar¬ 
rowly prolonged and in the former genus bifurcate at tip, and in conjunc¬ 
tion with the similarly prolonged “ infra-anal plate,” which consists of the two 
inferior appendages soldered together, forming a vertical, prehensile, sexual 
