1863.] 
383 
lower surface of the leaves of deciduous trees. But this would prove 
nothing unless it could be shown that the peculiar arrangement is found 
in the embryonic leaf as well as in the developed form. 
The galls of C. q, seminator and operator have not yielded flies of 
any sort since the first of August, and, I think not, for some time pre¬ 
vious; yet there still remain in many of the cells small, perfect, living- 
larvae. I expect that when the gall season again arrives they will pro¬ 
duce flies differing from any they have hitherto produced. 
Having found, as before stated, two gall flies of the section Inqiii 
linse in the act of oviposition, I am satisfied that at least one species 
deposit their eggs after the galls are more or less developed. 
The parasitic flies mentioned in the same connection, as being found 
on a white oak bush covered with what I take to be C. q. hatatus^ did 
not come from the recent galls but from those of the previous year, 
many of which were still on the bush. 
This is sufiiciently proved by the fact that from the galls brought 
home no parasites of the same species have yet appeared. There are, 
however, in these dried and shrunken galls a few living larvae. Fur¬ 
ther, a large number of galls of apparently the same species, but larger, 
smoother and more woody were collected last winter and spring, and 
of the great number of flies produced from them, most, if not all, ha ve 
the radial area closed, showing that they belong to the Inquilinae 
In regard to the time when those parasites oviposit, that appear at the 
same time, or nearly the same time with the true gall-flies,—whether 
belonging to the Chalcididas,' the Ichneumonidae or the Inquilinae, 
I offer this conjecture:—That the female parasite closely follows the 
true Cynips, depositing her egg in the opening prepared for her by the 
ovipositor of the other, possibly because she may not be fitted by nature 
for this work^ not having power to penetrate the bud; probably, how¬ 
ever, because her sting lacks the mysterious gall-producing power of 
the true gall-fly. 
