460 
[March 
from the same galls/’ (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. I, p. 49.) I have re¬ 
peatedly observed that the little cells of the above-named inquiline are 
placed in great numbers—sometimes 20 or 30 of them—immediately 
under the outer skin or rind of the gall of spongifica^ whence the imago 
emerges through orifices like pin-holes; and on two occasions I have 
found in the central cell of spongifica galls, that were full of such little 
cells under the rind, not the spongifica fly itself indeed, but what comes 
to the same thing, its parasitic destroyer the large green Callimome (?) 
above referred to. Hence three results follow:—That it is not 
the Sgnophrus that makes these galls, for it only occurs in some few of 
them. 2nd. That the eggs of the Sgnophrus must have been deposited 
after the gall had attained some considerable growth; for if the eggs 
that produce the Sj/nophrus had been laid in the bud of the oak along 
with that of spongifica.^ it seems difficult to understand how they could 
get invariably to the rind of the gall, or why they should do so. ^rd. 
That the Sijnophrus does not interfere with the health and prosperity 
of the original proprietor or builder of the gall, and is consequently not 
what is generally called a parasite but a true inquiline or guest gall¬ 
fly.—Some important observations to the same effect have been recently 
published by Mr. Bassett. {Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. II, p. 329-381.) 
It is proper to add, in conclusion, that Baron Osten Sacken writes 
me word that “according to Dr. Rheinhardt spongifica., inanis, &c., be¬ 
long to a new genus” distinct of course from Cynips. Both Latreille 
and Westwood state that Ggnips {=Diplolepis Latr.) has % antennae 
15-jointed and 9 antennae 14-jointed (Latr. Gen. Cr. et Ins. IV, p. 18 
and West. Intr. II, Synops. p. 56.) Yet on examining a 9 specimen of 
G. gaUm tinctorise, a species obtained from the “ nut-galls” of commerce 
and which Westwood expressly refers to Ggnips, I find that the 9 
antennae are distinctly 13-jointed, (not 14-jointed,) the last joint full 
as long as the two preceding ones put together and divided into two 
by a rather obvious connate suture, which however disappears in cer¬ 
tain lights when the adjoining ones do not, and is entirely invisible on 
holding the antennae up to the light, while the others are very plain. 
Our S spongifica and S inanis have both of them 15-jointed antennae, 
but the 9 9 , as above shown, including aciculata, have all the 13th 
and 14th joints of their antennae connate and almost confluent, and 
their antennae are therefore, in the usual sense of the term. 13-jointed, 
