1864.] 
491 
shaped pencil of yellowish hairs”, described in pezomachoides as at¬ 
tached to the tip of the abdomen, is the hairy “ dorsal valve” with the 
two sheaths lying in it. Dr. Fitch has founded a new genus, Philonix^ 
( which according to the Grreek etymology that he himself favors us 
with should be Philonips^) to receive two subapterous species found on 
the snow in the winter, which however are specifically distinct from 
forticornis. As many species of insects sometimes occur with long 
wings, and sometimes with mere rudimental ones, it seems unnatural 
to place an insect in a separate genus merely and simply on account of 
the wings being rudimental. Biorhiza Westwood, which Dr. Fitch 
has most unnecessarily and inelegantly changed into Biarhiza, {N. Y. 
Rep. II, 5th Rep. p. 1,) has no wings at all. It is singular that all 
these apterous and subapterous Cynipidm, (in all, six European and 
X. K. species,) have hitherto occurred only in the 9 sex. 
GrUEST GALL-FLY, Sijnophrus Iseviventris O. S. ( = O', q. ficus? 
Fitch. See above, p. 463.) Bred at various times before and after 
May 17, (from the same lot of galls as forticornis^') 31 S , 5 9 . 
13. Black oak. Grail q. podagrse n. sp. ? (autumnal.) Rough, 
hard, woody, gnarled and scaly swellings on such twigs and limbs as 
run from i to IJ inch in diameter, never at their tips but often 4 or 5 
feet from their tips. Occasionally these swellings are placed at the 
side of a limb, hut more generally they encircle it, enlarging it in an 
irregular, longitudinally ellipsoidal or egg-like form, so as to double or 
treble its natural diameter. Frequently several of these swellings run 
one into the other, so as to form a very elongate tumor with a sinuate 
outline, thus presenting a fanciful resemblance to a gouty or dropsical 
limb, whence the specific name. Sometimes when a small twig is af¬ 
fected the swelling has 7 or 8 times the diameter of the twig, which then 
ceases to grow beyond the gall and projects from its tip like a tail. 
Each gall is polythalamous, i. e. contains numerous cells, connected 
by woody matter. I have observed three trees in different localities 
affected by these galls, one so badly that it was almost killed and was 
probably on that account cut down. As illustrating the local nature of 
Ct/nips galls, it may be added that of two exactly similar, isolated, black 
oaks, growing so close together that their boughs almost touched, one had 
one-tenth part of its boughs covered by these galls, and the other had 
