EARTH-STARS 
69 
G. limbatus (limbatus, bordered as with another colour—from 
the fringed peristome), “Black Earth-star.” Plate XXII. 6. 
Outer per. cut into many segments, blackish-brown, 3-4 in. 
diam. when expanded. Inner per. subglobose, usually con¬ 
stricted in a peculiar manner. Columella almost or quite 
obsolete. Orifice conical, surrounded by a pale silky zone. 
Spore mass purple-brown. In fir woods and hedge-banks in 
aut. Rare. 
G. fornicatus ( fornicatus , arched over from the arched 
inner layer of the exoperidium), “Arched Earth-star.” 
Plate XXIII. 9. 
Outer per. divided into 4 (rarely 5) segments, ij-2f in. 
diam. when expanded. The fibrillose layer becomes torn 
away and arches itself above the cup-like mycelial layer, to 
which it remains attached by the tips of the segments. 
Inner per. shortly stalked, urn-shaped. Orifice conical. 
Spore mass dark brown, with a purple tinge. In fields and 
amongst firs on heaths, March to Nov. Rare. 
An allied species, G. coronatus , common in pine woods in 
Europe, especially Sweden, should be looked for in this 
country. It differs from G. fornicatus in the broadly rounded 
shoulder of the arched segments, the imperfect cups formed 
by the mycelial layer, and in having the inner peridium 
covered with minute granular particles. 
G. mammosus ( mammosus , full-breasted—from the breast¬ 
like endoperidium). Plate XXIII. 5-7. 
Outer per. 7-10 segmented, 1-2 in. diam. when expanded, 
brownish or umber. Inner per. globose, whitish-brown. 
Orifice conical, even, surrounded by a pale silky depressed 
zone. Spore mass dark brown, with a purple tinge. A 
markedly hygroscopic species, easily known from others 
exhibiting this peculiarity by the even conical mouth. Rare. 
G. rufescens (from the rufescent colour at maturity), 
“ Red Earth-star.” Plate XXII. 4 and 5. 
Outer per. 6-9 segmented, thick, becoming deeply cracked, 
