i8o 
HYMENOMYCETES 
base, slightly attenuated upwards and hollow. R. large, 
reflexed, slightly striate, entire, white. V. more or less 
buried in the ground, bulbous, nearly free, with torn, lax 
margin. A very common species in woods, appearing in 
early spv ., and continuing till the arrival of the frosts of 
late aut. The smell is unpleasant, but not strong until 
the plant has attained maturity. This is the species 
so frequently mistaken for the edible mushroom, always 
with fatal results. The two species are not at all alike at 
maturity, but in the young state A manita phalloides might be 
mistaken for a “ button ” mushroom. It usually occurs in 
woods, but I have frequently seen it near trees and hedges 
in fields, growing in close proximity to Agaricus campestris. 
One of the most deadly of fungi contains the poison known 
as phalline (see note on p. 36). 
A. muscaria ( musca , a fly—from its former use as a fly 
poison), “ Fly Agaric.” 
P. 4-8 in., margin striate, usually deep scarlet (sometimes 
orange, lemon-yellow, or brownish), adorned with white or 
yellowish warts, the remains of the volva. The warts are 
frequently washed off in wet weather. G. approaching the 
stem, and forming decurrent lines down it, numerous, white 
or tinged yellow. S. 4-7 in., up to 1 in thick, ovately 
bulbous below, stuffed, then hollow, whitish. R. lax, 
ample, white. V. adnate, broken up into concentric scales. 
Common in woods of birch and fir from July to Nov. 
Gregarious. Very poisonous; contains amanitine. Very 
handsome, probably receiving more admiration than any 
other species of our native agarics. 
A. rubescens (from the flesh becoming reddish when 
broken), “ The Blusher.” Plate XLIV. 7. 
P. 3-5 in., reddish-brown or tan colour, sprinkled with 
small adnate warts, which are often washed off in very wet 
weather. F. thick, white, becoming reddish when broken. 
G. narrowed behind and touching the stem, passing down 
