4 8 
BRITISH GALLS 
themis cotula and A. arvensis), causing elongation of the 
receptacle, with an ovoid cavity within. Apion laevigcitnm 
also causes a similar gall on the latter. 
Amongst the Polygonaceae various Docks are frequently 
attacked by members of the genus Apion. Four species 
attack the Sorrel Dock ( R . Acetosa) —namely, A. affine , 
violaceum, frumentavium , and humile, causing pronounced 
fusiform swellings on the stems and petioles. 
6 
7 
Fig. 6—Shoot of Ulex europaeus with Ovoid Gall of Apion scutel- 
lare. (i/i.) 
Fig. 7—Section of same, showing the Central Cavity and the 
Exit Burrow, (i/i.) 
Two or three species of Anthonomus attack the flower 
buds in Pyrus, otherwise the order Rosaceae is remarkably 
free from attacks of gall-causing beetles. 
Mianis campanulas attacks various species of Campanula ; 
the larvae infest the seed capsules, and cause great hyper¬ 
trophy. 
Many representatives of the Scrophulariaceae are attacked 
by beetles belonging to the genus Mecinus. The root and 
base of stem of the Common Toadflax produce yellowish 
fleshy galls of the shape and size of a pea, containing the 
larvae of M. collinns, a rare insect, occurring only in the 
