MOTH GALLS 
57 
Grapholitha Servilleana attacks various species of Willow. 
The larvae burrow into the older branches, avoiding the one- 
year shoots. Fusiform swellings from io to 20 mm. long, 
and from 5 to 8 mm. broad arise. The exit is situated in 
the lower part of the elongated central cavity. 
The following records of lepidopterous gall-causers are 
taken from Houard’s “ Zoocecidies” : 
Epiblema luctuosana Dup.: Causes swollen nodes, each 
10 by 4 mm. in Centaurea nemoralis Jordan. British ? 
Galechia mulinella Zell. : Causes woody swellings, 20 by 
15 mm. in the roots of Bartsia aspera Lange. British ? 
Fig. 8—Willow Stems galled by Larvae of Grapholitha Servil¬ 
leana. (1/1.) 
Fig. 9—Section showing the Larval Cavity, (i/i.) 
Cynaeda dentalis Schiff.: Causes swellings with nodular 
surface on the midrib of the radical leaves of an Alkanet 
(Anchusa, sp.). British? 
Houard also alludes to a gall caused by Sesia formicaeformis 
Esper on the Common Osier (Salix viminalis). It consists of 
a more or less rounded and woody excrescence involving 
the entire circumference of a branch, and containing a 
large central cavity. It is given as a very doubtful record. 
I am not aware of any records of galls in British Willows 
