112 
BRITISH GALLS 
Professor Trail, in 1883, recorded the occurrence of 
Tylenchus galls on the Mouse-ear Hawkweed. The flower 
head was swollen, the stalk contorted and coiled on its axis. 
The species of eelworm responsible for these malformations 
is unknown; Connold designated it Tylenchus hievacii, but 
did not describe it. 
Continental Eelworm Galls 
In addition to the ten species indicated above, Houard 
describes in “ Zoocecidies des Plantes d’Europe ” six others 
that are gall-causers on the Continent. I am not aware 
that they have been observed in Britain, but some allusion 
to their galls seems desirable, as it is quite likely that all 
will be found to occur in this country. 
Tylenchus Haversteini Kuhn deforms the entire plant in 
Medicago sativa. The shoots remain closed, and are .four 
times in excess of the normal thickness; they are also 
contorted and carry deformed leaves which are often trans¬ 
formed into complete scales (No. 3,516). 
Tylenchus agrostidis Steinb. attacks various grasses of the 
genus Agrostis , causing the ovary to become elongated and 
tinted violet, and the glumes hypertrophied (No. 185, etc.). 
Tylenchus hordei Schoyen gives rise to nodosities on the 
top of the radical root in Elymus arenarius Linn. (No. 350). 
A species of Tylenchus , probably T. hyacinthi Prillieux, 
causes yellow spots on the leaves of a Euchavis. The spots 
become brown later, and there are clearly defined depressions 
on the lower surface (No. 433). 
Tylenchus nivalis Kiihn causes swellings on the stem and 
leaves of Leontopolium ( Gnaphalium) alpinum (No. 5594). 
Tylenchus phalaridis Steinb. attacks Phleum pratense. The 
glume is elongated, thickened, enrolled like a horn around 
the pistil (5 to 7 mm.), and of a yellowish tint. The ovary 
acquires the shape of a cylinder or spindle, and becomes 
yellowish-red or dull purplish-brown. The stamens are 
abortive (No. 179). 
