40 
INDIA 
are covered with crops of maize, or ruddy millet; anon crossing to 
the cooler northern side which is mostly clothed with fine forest of 
Spruce, Deodar, Holm-oak and Ehododendron—thus winding in and 
out, but for the fifty miles that we traversed always maintaining an 
altitude of from 7000 to 9000 ft. Yet so deep are the valleys, so 
steep the hill-sides, that we scarcely got a glimpse of either of the 
mighty rivers between which we marched. 
From an entomological point of view the most important flowers 
were a brilliant but small Ragwort, several kinds of Golden-rod, a 
pale mauve Cineraria, and two straw-coloured Thistles: one of them, 
tall and slender, was especially attractive to butterflies; the other was 
a very decorative plant with Acanthus-like leaves and large globular 
heads. From the gardener’s point of view, however, the most striking 
plant that we saw was the crimson-flowered Potentilla atrosanguinea, 
which was especially common under the shade of the Deodars, as on 
Jakko Hill; some seed sent home proved fertile and has stocked 
several gardens. Some of the Rhododendrons formed huge trees with 
trunks over twelve feet in girth. 
We went by way of Fagu, Theog, Matiana and Narkanda to 
Baghi, returning by the same route, except that from Baghi to 
Narkanda we walked over Mt. Huttu, 11,000 ft. 1 The expedition 
occupied eight days, but for simplicity of description I shall not 
distinguish between outward and return journeys. 
The general aspect of the country was decidedly autumnal; the 
nights were chilly and most flowering plants had gone to seed. There 
was more cloud than usual, and there were occasional slight thunder¬ 
showers. Most of the butterflies seen appeared to have been out 
some time, and were much battered. Two circumstances (besides 
the embryonic net) tended to restrict the bag: one, the fact that 
collecting was for the most part confined to a narrow mountain road, 
bounded by a precipice on the lower, and a cliff upon the higher 
side; the other, a limitation of wide application, that a tropical sun 
is not conducive to rapid pursuit. 
Simla, alt. 7200 ft., to Fagu, alt. 8200 ft. 
October 10th and 17th. 
Gonejpteryx rhamni, Linn., var. nipalensis, Doubl., was abundant 
throughout the journey, and so was Aulocera swalia, Roll., though in 
very poor condition; both occurred in Simla itself. The latter is 
1 In Indian names “ £ ” is pronounced as “ a ” in father, “ u ” as “ oo ” in boot 
“ a ” or “ u ” as “ u ” in but. 
